16种植物挥发油对柏子仁黄曲霉菌的抑制作用考察

目的:从16种植物(香茅、香叶、松节、山苍子、薄荷、干姜、丁香、姜黄、红花椒、肉桂、罗勒、迷迭香、青花椒、竹叶花椒、八角茴香、肉豆蔻)挥发油中筛选出对黄曲霉菌生长有较好抑制效果的植物挥发油。方法:采用平板培养法从柏子仁药材表面分离得到黄曲霉菌,利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取16种植物挥发油,采用滤纸片熏蒸后测定黄曲霉菌的菌落直径,对16种植物挥发油抑制黄曲霉菌生长的效果进行研究。结果:采用性状、显微及DNA条形码鉴定的方法从柏子仁药材上成功分离了黄曲霉菌,上述16种植物挥发油对黄曲霉菌的抑菌率分别为2. 93%,0. 05%,0. 37%,76. 07%,0. 34%,0. 15%,50. 05%,8. 51%,1. 43%,58. 20%,0. 07%,2. 60%,8. 73%,100. 00%,52. 62%,0. 07%。结论:16种植物挥发油对黄曲霉菌均有着不同程度的抑菌活性,其中竹叶花椒挥发油、山苍子挥发油、肉桂挥发油的抑菌效果较好,可为柏子仁生长储藏过程中防治黄曲霉菌的污染提供参考,并为植物挥发油作为中药仓储过程中的抑菌剂提供应用依据。     

The preventive role of wheat germ oil against sertraline‐induced testicular damage in male albino rats

Sertraline is an antidepressant medication used extensively in the therapy of depression. The present investigation was intended to estimate the actual protective role of wheat germ oil on sertraline‐caused testicular injury in albino rats. Sertraline (human therapeutic dose, 15.63 mg/kg) was orally administrated to rats for 28 successive days. Sertraline‐administered rats were concurrently supplemented with wheat germ oil (human therapeutic dose, 68.75 mg/kg) for 28 successive days. Sertraline administration induced an elevation in testicular DNA damage and acute testicular damage illustrated by the histopathological alterations including marked degeneration and necrosis of germ cells lining seminiferous tubules, as well as interstitial oedema, congestion of interstitial blood vessel. Wheat germ oil administration potentially mitigated the histopathological alterations of sertraline‐administered rats. Lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress biomarker, showed a significant elevation in testicular tissue of sertraline‐administered rats. Furthermore, glutathione content and catalase activity were decreased in testicular tissue of sertraline‐administered rats. Serum testosterone level was elevated in sertraline‐administered rats. Wheat germ oil significantly reduced lipid peroxidation of testicular tissue and improved the antioxidant defences. Finally, wheat germ oil has a preventive role against testicular damage induced by sertraline in rats probably via its potential to prevent reactive oxygen species.     

Current therapeutical strategies for allergic rhinitis

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a common condition with increasing prevalence and is associated with several comorbid disorders such as bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. If allergen avoidance is not possible, allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only causal treatment option.

Areas covered: This review focuses on current treatments and the future outlook for allergic rhinitis. Pharmacotherapy includes mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, glucocorticosteroids (GCSs), leukotriene receptor antagonists, and nasal decongestants. Nasal GCSs are currently regarded as the most effective treatment and are considered first-line therapy together with non-sedating antihistamines. The new formulation MP29-02 combines the nasal GCS fluticasone propionate with azelastine in one single spray and has achieved greater improvements than those under monotherapy with modern GCSs or antihistamines. Furthermore, this review discusses allergen immunotherapy alone and in combination with modern monoclonal antibodies.

Expert opinion: Despite the variety of medications for allergic rhinitis, ranging from general symptomatic agents like GCSs or decongestants, to more specific ones like histamine receptor or leukotriene blockers, to causal therapy like immunotherapy, many patients still experience treatment failures or unsatisfactory results. The ultimate goal may be to endotype every downstream pathway separately in order to offer patients individualized, targeted therapy with specific antibodies against the respective pathway.     

Serum growth factor stability in different eye drop packaging systems during storage

Serum eye drops (SED) have shown beneficial effects in patients suffering from dry eye syndrome and are manufactured for an increasing number of patients in Australia every year. Previous studies have examined the stability of serum growth factors during storage in either experimental vessels not used as the final packaging system or in eye drop bottles. To ensure the quality and safety of SED product manufactured in Australia, the stability of growth factors in serum packaged into two different systems during storage at different temperatures was examined. Healthy blood donors provided a whole blood donation, from which serum was prepared, diluted to 20% and dispensed into either a tube or a vial packaging system. The stability of growth factors, fibronectin and total protein in tube segments was comparable to matched vials samples during storage at −30 °C, 4 °C, 22 °C and 37 °C, with the exception of EGF and fibronectin in 20% SED stored in tube segments, which were more sensitive to storage conditions at 4 °C and 22 °C when compared to vials. Additionally, the growth factor, fibronectin and total protein concentration in both tube segments and vials was stable during storage at −30 °C for at least 9 months. This study highlights the impact of different manufacturing procedures on serum growth factor stability during storage.     

吴茱萸化学成分和药理作用及质量标志物(Q-marker)的预测分析

吴茱萸是我国常用的大宗中药材,资源丰富且分布较广,具有广阔的开发利用前景。吴茱萸中化学成分类型丰富,包括生物碱、苦味素、挥发油、黄酮等类成分,传统认为生物碱和苦味素为其主要药效成分。对其化学成分、药理作用综述的基础上,根据中药质量标志物(Q-marker)理论,从生源途径、化学成分与传统功效、传统药性、新的临床用途、毒性、可测成分、入血成分及不同配伍环境几方面对吴茱萸Q-marker成分进行预测分析,为明确吴茱萸Q-marker和制定科学的质量标准提供基础。     

经鼻给予抗ICAM-1抗体对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨经鼻腔给予抗细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)单克隆抗体(单抗)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 将30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑缺血再灌注组及脑缺血再灌注+经鼻给予高、中、低剂量抗ICAM-1单抗干预组.采用插线法制作局灶脑缺血再灌注模型.各干预组于缺血1 h经鼻给予抗ICAM-1单抗,再灌24 h后取脑行冠状切片.采用TTC、HE及免疫组化染色法测定脑梗死体积及免疫组化阳性区占总面积比.结果 缺血再灌注组脑标本均可见缺血侧的脑膜充血,脑组织肿胀;单纯脑缺血再灌注组及低、中、高抗ICAM-1单抗干预组脑梗死体积(以像素值表示)分别为57 042±12 483、32 871±4 325、25 932±3 103和15 325±3 356,免疫组化阳性区面积占总面积比分别为(6.64±0.476)%、(5.15±0.987)%、(4.36±0.682)%和(3.42±0.537)%,各组间差异均有统计学意义.结论 (1)脑缺血再灌注可使脑组织ICAM-1表达显著增高;(2)经鼻腔给予抗ICAM-1单抗可有效降低脑组织ICAM-1的表达,缩小脑梗死体积;(3)经鼻腔给予抗ICAM-1单抗的剂量同脑梗死体积呈负相关;(4)脑缺血再灌注时ICAM-1免疫组化阳性区面积比与脑梗死体积呈正相关.