经皮血管腔内成形术结合局部小剂量持续灌注溶栓治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变

目的 探讨采用经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变的效果以及术后小剂量溶栓对膝下动脉血流的影响.方法 回顾性分析自2011年1月至2013年9月行介入治疗的糖尿病膝下动脉病变患者28例,共37条肢体(左下肢16条、右下肢21条),74支膝下动脉存在狭窄或闭塞,胫前动脉30支、胫后动脉22支、腓动脉22支,合并有髂股动脉病变肢体30条.根据术前CTA结果分别采用同侧顺行、经对侧股动脉入路、经肱动脉途径行PTA或支架治疗,测量介入治疗前后踝肱指数(ABI).介入治疗术后从留置导管鞘内持续经微量泵注入尿激酶(20～ 30)万U/24 h,共48 h进行溶栓,记录溶栓前后从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数.术后随访3个月以上,测量ABI并行彩超或CTA检查,计量资料采用配对样本t检验.结果 32条肢体通过球囊扩张或支架得以开通,开通率为86.4％.37条肢体ABI术前为0.70±0.31,术后首日增加至0.90±0.21,差异有统计学意义(t=10.734,P＜0.05).成功开通的32条肢体在小剂量溶栓后造影,从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数由介入术后即刻的(6.3±1.6)帧降低到(4.7±1.4)帧,差异有统计学意义(t=12.136,P＜0.05).6条有静息痛的肢体术后临床症状缓解明显.14条有溃疡和(或)坏疽的肢体,l例介入开通血管后从踝关节平面截肢、3例截趾,3例足趾坏疽的患者随访期间足趾自行离断而愈合,其余患者创面在1～3个月内愈合.术后随访3～ 24个月有3例患者3条肢体复发并再次行PTA治疗.结论 介入治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变,近期疗效确切,安全性较高;介入术后小剂量溶栓治疗安全,有助于改善膝下动脉血流.     

经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术联合金属支架置入姑息性治疗恶性胆道梗阻的效果分析

目的:探讨经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD)基础上胆道内置入金属支架姑息性治疗恶性胆道梗阻的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月—2013年6月收治的经十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)支架植入失败后改行PTCD或PTCD联合胆道内金属支架置入的94例胆道恶性梗阻患者临床资料,其中,单纯行PTCD 45例(PTCD组),PTCD联合胆道内金属支架置入49例(PTCD+支架组),比较两组减黄效果、术后并发症及术后生存情况。结果:术后5 d,两组血清胆红素水平无统计学差异(P0.05),但术后7、14 d,PTCD+支架组血清胆红素水平明显低于PTCD组(P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);PTCD+支架组术后1年的生存率优于PTCD组(χ2=6.280,P=0.012)。结论:PTCD基础上胆道内金属支架置入是恶性胆道梗阻患者ERCP失败后有效的姑息性治疗手段,且效果优于单独的PTCD。     

Peri-procedural myocardial injury: 2005 update.

During the past three decades, percutaneous coronary intervention has become one of the cardinal treatment strategies for stenotic coronary artery disease. Technical advances, including the introduction of new devices such as stents, have expanded the interventional capabilities of balloon angioplasty. At the same time, there has been a decline in the rate of major adverse cardiac events, including Q-wave acute myocardial infarction, emergency coronary artery bypass grafting, and cardiac death. Despite these advances, the incidence of post-procedural cardiac marker elevation has not substantially decreased since the first serial assessment 20 years ago. As of now, these post-procedural cardiac marker elevations are considered to represent peri-procedural myocardial injury (PMI) with worse long-term outcome potential. Recent progress has been made for the identification of two main PMI patterns, one near the intervention site (proximal type, PMI type I) and one in the distal perfusion territory of the treated coronary artery (distal type, PMI type II) as well as for preventive strategies. Integrating these new developments into the wealth of clinical information on this topic, this review aims at giving a current perspective on the entity of PMI.     

支架置入冠状动脉分叉病变后的生物相容性

背景:通过检测CYP2C19基因分型可评估冠状动脉内支架置入患者对氯吡格雷反应性的高低,但目前国内尚缺乏通过检测CYP2C19基因分型指导分叉病变部位支架置入后抗血小板治疗的临床应用。目的:根据CYP2C19基因分型结果,优化冠状动脉分叉病变支架置入后抗血小板治疗方案的效果。方法:纳入136例冠状动脉分叉病变支架置入患者,于支架置入前进行阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗,7 d后检测CYP2C19基因分型。若CYP2C19基因分型为*1/*1的作为合格组,支架置入后服用氯吡格雷75 mg/d;若CYP2C19基因分型为*2/*2、*2/*3、*3/*3的作为不合格组,再随机分为2组,一组为常规剂量组,支架置入后即保持氯吡格雷75 mg/d治疗不变,另一组为大剂量组,即增加氯吡格雷剂量为150 mg/d长期服用。随访9个月记录主要心脏不良事件和出血事件发生情况。结果与结论:发生主要心脏不良事件14例中,合格组6例(7.9%)、常规剂量组6例(17.7%)、大剂量组2例(7.7%),合格组发生率明显低于常规剂量组(P<0.05),提示CYP2C19基因分型有较好预测主要心脏不良事件的价值;大剂量组发生率明显小于常规剂量组(P<0.05),说明在CYP2C19基因分型监测下增加抗血小板药物剂量,能明显降低主要心脏不良事件的发生率;大剂量组发生率与合格组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),提示通过检测CYP2C19基因分型,优化氯吡格雷剂量可达到与合格组相同的临床效果。3组出血事件发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),提示通过检测CYP2C19基因分型抗血小板治疗不会增加出血风险。     

Custo-efetividade do Stent Farmacológico na Intervenção Coronariana Percutânea no SUS

BackgroundThe use of drug-eluting stents (DESs), compared with bare-metal stents (BMSs), in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has reduced the rate of restenosis, without an impact on mortality but with an increase in costs. Medical literature lacks randomized studies that economically compare these 2 stent types within the reality of the Brazilian Unified Public Health System (SUS).ObjectiveTo estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) between DES and BMS in SUS patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease.MethodsOver a 3-year period, patients with symptomatic single-vessel coronary artery disease were randomized in a 1:2 ratio to receive a DES or BMS during PCI, with a 1-year clinical follow-up. The evaluation included in-stent restenosis (ISR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), major adverse events, and cost-effectiveness for each group. P-values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsIn the DES group, of 74 patients (96.1%) who completed the follow-up, 1 developed ISR (1.4%), 1 had TLR (1.4%), and 1 died (1.4%), with no cases of thrombosis. In the BMS group, of 141 patients (91.5%), ISR occurred in 14 (10.1%), TLR in 10 (7.3%), death in 3 (2.1%), and thrombosis in 1 (0.74%). In the economic analysis, the cost of the procedure was R$ 5,722.21 in the DES group and R$ 4,085.21 in the BMS group. The effectiveness by ISR and TLR was 8.7% for DES and 5.9% for BMS, with an ICER of R$ 18,816.09 and R$ 27,745.76, respectively.ConclusionsIn the SUS, DESs were cost-effective in accordance with the cost-effectiveness threshold recommended by the World Health Organization (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):80-89)     

颈动脉支架术后视网膜动脉栓塞1例

<正>患者男,74岁,因间歇头晕,下肢乏力1月余入院。既往高血压病史10年,慢性胃炎,右手震颤10年。入院体检:体温36.6℃,脉搏规则、85次/分,呼吸规则、19次/分,血压138mmHg/74mmHg,神志清,查体合作,双侧视力粗测正常,左侧颈部检查未闻及血管杂音,右侧颈部可闻及血管杂音。经颈动脉彩色多普勒超声和CTA提示颈动脉狭窄,欲接受颈动脉支架治疗。入院2天后接受主动脉弓+全脑血管造影示左     

不同迭代重建强度对冠状动脉小内径支架显示影响的体外实验

目的 评价联合基于原始数据的迭代重建(SAFIRE)与集成电子探测器在不同迭代重建强度下对直径≤3 mm冠状动脉支架显示的影响。方法 选取不同类型7枚内径3 mm或2.5 mm支架,释放于模拟冠状动脉血管的体外模型中,行配有Stelllar光子探测器的双源CT冠状动脉前瞻扫描,层厚0.5 mm,按迭代重建强度Strength 1~4重建分为4组。对4组图像行双盲主观评价和客观评价,对各组数据进行统计学分析。结果 图像质量主观评分一致性较好(Kappa=0.77),Strength 2组获取的图像质量明显优于其他各组(P=0.034、0.046、0.015)。Strength 2组ALN值明显低于其他各组(P=0.013、0.009、0.005)。各组支架管腔内衰减差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。随着迭代强度增加,噪声明显降低。结论 对于直径≤3 mm支架,联合SAFIRE迭代强度2与集成电子探测器获取的图像质量整体最佳,可为临床提供质量更好的支架图像。     

锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄血管内治疗疗效及安全性分析

目的研究症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄血管内治疗的疗效和安全性。方法选择31例症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄的患者行血管内自膨式支架成形术,分析其疗效及安全性。结果31例症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄患者中,均用自膨式支架成功完成血管内支架成形术,术后锁骨下动脉狭窄率明显改善、锁骨下动脉盗血综合征和上肢缺血症状明显改善,无并发症出现。结论采用自膨式支架治疗症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

predictors for failure of stent treatment for benign esophageal perforations- a single center 10-year experience

AIM:To investigate possible predictors for failed selfexpandable metallic stent(SEMS)therapy in consecutive patients with benign esophageal perforationrupture(EPR).METHODS:All patients between 2003-2013 treated for EPR at the Karolinska University Hospital,a tertiary referral center,were studied with regard to initial management with SEMS.Patients with malignancy as an underlying cause and those with anastomotic leakages were excluded.Sealing of the perforation with a covered SEMS was the primary strategy whenever feasible.Stent therapy failure was defined as a radical change of treatment strategy due to uncontrolled mediastinitis,which in this setting consisted of emergency esophagectomy with end-esophagostomy or death as a consequence of the perforation and subsequent uncontrolled sepsis.Patient and lesion characteristics were analyzed and are presented as median and interquartile range.Possible predictors for failed stent therapy were analyzed with uni-variate logistic regression,while variables with P<0.2 were further analyzed with multi-variate logistic regression.RESULTS:Of the total number of 48 patients presenting with EPR,40 patients(83.3%)were treated with SEMS at the time of admission,with an intention to heal the perforation.Twenty-three patients had Boerhaave’s syndrome(58%),16 had an iatrogenic perforation(40%)and 1 had external trauma to the esophagus(3%).The total in-hospital mortality,including the cases that had other initial treatments(n=8),was10.4%and 7.5%among those who were subjected to the SEMS-based strategy.In 33 of the 40 patients(82.5%)who were treated with stent,the EPR healed without further change in treatment strategy.Patients classified as treatment success received a SEMS at a median time of 1(1-1)d after the actual EPR,compared to 3(1-10)d among those where the initial treatment failed,P=0.039 in uni-variate analysis and P=0.052 in multi-variate analysis.No other significant factors emerged,indicating an increased risk for failure.Six of 7 patients,where stent treatment of the defect failed,underwent an emergency esophagectomy with end esophagostomy and one patient died.CONCLUSION:SEMS as an upfront therapeutic strategy seems to be a successful concept,when applied to an unselected group of patients with EPR.