中药扶正合剂介导白血病生物治疗的临床及实验研究

[目的]探讨中药扶正合剂介导白血病生物治疗的可行性。[方法]观察30例急性白血病患者联合应用化疗及中药扶正合剂后,临床症状改善,造血功能和免疫功能重建的变化。复制L615小白鼠白血病动物模型,从细胞免疫学角度探讨中药扶正合剂介导白血病生物治疗的作用机制。[结果]中药扶正合剂可通过促进IL-2、IL-6、IFN-7等细胞因子的分泌水平,恢复急性白血病患者化疗后的免疫功能。可增强造血调节因子(GM—CSF)、IL-6的活性,加速骨髓再生,改善外周血象,减轻贫血、出血、感染等症状。延长L615白血病小鼠的生存期,调整紊乱T细胞亚群,提高小鼠化疗后IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ的分泌水平。[结论]中药扶正合剂可有效地介导白血病生物治疗。     

急性混配农药中毒的临床研究

目的 了解急性混配农药中毒的临床表现特点,以提高混配农药中毒的诊治水平。方法 1996－2000年在农药中毒高发地区的6个县市级医院,按统一观察表格和检查的要求,对急性农药中毒患者进行临床观察和诊治研究。结果 共收治急性混配农药中毒（混配组）156例和急性单剂农药中毒（单剂组）115例。混配组中,含有机磷杀虫剂（OP）的混配中毒150例,含氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂（CB）不含OP的混配中毒6例。单剂组中,OP中毒109例,CB中毒6例。混配和单剂组患者 急性胆碱能兴奋或危象为主要临床表现,以头晕、乏力、多汗、流涎、恶心、呕吐、瞳孔缩小、肌束震颤多见,重者出现昏迷、肺部湿Luo音、大小便失禁;两组全血ChE活力均下降,范围分别为7％－73％和5％－70％。在急性中毒1－4天胆碱能危象基本控制后,含OP的混配组中6例以及OP单剂组9例出现屈颈肌与四肢近端肌肉及脑神经支配的肌肉无力,其中混配组4例及单剂组6例尚出现呼吸肌无力。参照相关诊断标准及分级建议,混配组分别诊断急性轻度、中度和重度混配农药中毒61例、67例和28例,其中合并轻型中间期肌无力综合征（IMS）2例、重型IMS4例;单剂组分别诊断急性轻度、中度和重度单剂农药中毒29例、35例和51例,其中合并轻型IMS3例、重型IMS6例。经彻底洗胃和清洗污染的皮肤,给予解毒药阿托品和氯解磷定、碘解磷定以及对症和支持治疗,除7例（OP＋OP3例,OP单剂4例）急性重度口中毒患者死于呼吸衰竭外,余264例均痊愈出院。结论 含ChE抑制剂类杀虫剂的混配农药中毒之临床表现、诊断和治疗与急性OP中毒基本相同。     

复配杀虫制剂与消毒剂混合对卫生害虫的杀灭效果影响

〔目的〕研究杀虫剂与消毒剂的混合制剂对卫生害虫的杀灭效果。〔方法〕选择不同配方的杀虫剂复配后和含氯消毒剂混合,测定杀虫剂复配制剂与混合制剂对常见卫生害虫成虫的半数击倒时间(KT50)及对卫生害虫幼虫的半数致死浓度(LC50),并进行统计分析。〔结果〕复配杀虫剂(溴氰菊酯5%,氯菊酯15%,阿维菌素0.08%,戊唑醇0.6%,均为体积分数)与含氯消毒剂混合后对卫生害虫有着较好的杀灭效果。〔结论〕针对口岸卫生处理对象的复杂性,混合制剂有助于提高口岸卫生处理效果,兼具良好的消毒和杀虫功效。     

Carcinogenic risk of heterocyclic amines in combination – Assessment with a liver initiation model

Carcinogenic potential of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) was investigated using an in vivo 5-week initiation assay with quantitative evaluation of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in rat liver. Numbers of GST-P positive foci were significantly increased with individual administration of six different HCAs, indicating utility of the assay. It was therefore applied to investigate risk with multiple HCAs in combination. Unexpectedly, concomitant treatment with 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) did not result in any additive carcinogenicity. In the rats taking MeIQx prior to PhIP the value was almost equal to the sum total of individual data, indicating additive initiation activities. In contrast, simultaneous or prior administration of PhIP rather exerted inhibitory effects on the carcinogenic potential of MeIQx. Moreover, microarray and quantitative RT-PCR assessment revealed that PhIP induced cytochrome P450 1A1, responsible for both activation and detoxification of HCAs, more strongly than MeIQx. It is noteworthy that complex exposure to multiple HCAs is not necessarily associated with increased risk of carcinogenesis because they are simultaneously and continuously ingested under normal circumstances.     

养胃合剂粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察养胃合剂复方多糖提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法建立小鼠环磷酰胺(CTX)免疫抑制模型,观察养胃合剂多糖提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果养胃合剂多糖能提高CTX致免疫抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率,可促进溶血素形成,促进淋巴细胞转化。结论养胃合剂多糖有免疫促进作用,可对抗环磷酰胺的免疫抑制作用。     

银翘合剂提取工艺研究

目的研究银翘合剂提取工艺。方法以浸膏得率和绿原酸提取率作为指标,采用正交实验法,对加水量、提取次数、提取时间进行考察;以挥发油提取率为指标,分别考察了荆芥穗,薄荷,连翘挥发油提取所需时间,并进行验证。结果加6倍量水,提取3次,40min/次提取效果最佳。结论该工艺可作为银翘合剂提取工艺。     

咽痛灵合剂的薄层色谱鉴别方法研究

目的鉴别咽痛灵合剂中的一枝黄花、土牛膝。方法采用薄层色谱法。结果建立简便、灵敏、可靠的薄层色谱(TLC)法。结论可用于该品质量控制。     

Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Xueyou Mixture (血友合剂) in Treating Hemophilia

Objective: To observe the effect of Xueyou Mixture (血友合剂, XYM) on blood coagulation factors and its safety in treating hemophilia. Methods: To the randomly selected 65 inpatients of hemophilia, XYM was administered accompanied with intravenous dripping of liver cell growth factor 60-100 mg once a day to protect the liver, with no blood products like concentrated Ⅷ and FⅨ factors or blood plasma given. The treatment lasted for 3 weeks. The short-term efficacy and adverse reactions were observed. The long-term efficacy in patients was observed in a follow-up study of 6-12 months after they were discharged from the hospital but continuously took XYM orally. Results: The short-term markedly effective rate in the patients was 95.38% (62/65). After they were treated for 3 weeks, the level of FⅧ factor activity increased in 56 patients of type A from (3.32 ± 2.21) % to (4.18 ± 2.23) %, and in 9 of type B from (4.92 ± 1.81) % to (5.64 ± 1.96) %. Compared with that before treatment, the difference was significant in both of them (P＜0.01). No obvious adverse reaction was found in the treatment period.The follow-up study showed that in 22 patients of type A, the FⅧ factor activity ratio increased from (3.25±2.11) % to (6.31 ±2.16) %, (8.36±1.05) %, and (16.38±2.71) % in the 2nd, 3rd and 6th month after discharge respectively, all showing significant difference to that before treatment (P＜0.01); and in 4 patients of type B, it increased from (4.15 ± 2.26) % to 7.8% and 11.6% (mean value) in the 2nd and 6th month respectively. Conclusion: XYM could raise the activity of factors Ⅷ and Ⅸ in patients with hemophilia, and the degree of the rise is related with the duration of the therapy, with no obvious adverse reaction, which strikes out a new path and new train of thinking for the treatment of the disease by nonblood preparation.     

安适合剂4号对小鼠中枢神经系统影响

安适合剂４号由夜交藤、柏子仁、酸枣仁、麦冬、朱砂等组成。临床上与氯丙嗪合用于抗精神病,能产生协同作用,且使后者用量及副作用减少。药理实验表明,安适合剂４号能使小鼠自主活动次数减少;对硝酸士的宁所致小鼠惊厥有抗惊厥作用;对戊巴比妥所致小鼠睡眠,能使翻正反射消失时间缩短,睡眠时间延长,且与剂量成正比例。     

Estimating marginal likelihoods for mixture and Markov switching models using bridge sampling techniques

Summary This paper discusses the problem of estimating marginal likelihoods for mixture and Markov switching model. Estimation is based on the method of bridge sampling ( Meng and Wong 1996 ; Statistica Sinica11, 552–86.) where Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) draws from the posterior density are combined with an i.i.d. sample from an importance density. The importance density is constructed in an unsupervised manner from the MCMC draws using a mixture of complete data posteriors. Whereas the importance sampling estimator as well as the reciprocal importance sampling estimator are sensitive to the tail behaviour of the importance density, we demonstrate that the bridge sampling estimator is far more robust. Our case studies range from computing marginal likelihoods for a mixture of multivariate normal distributions, testing for the inhomogeneity of a discrete time Poisson process, to testing for the presence of Markov switching and order selection in the MSAR model.