家庭正向行为支持方案的构建及应用研究

目的 构建家庭正向行为支持（positive behavior support,PBS）方案,并探讨其在学龄前恶性肿瘤患儿情绪行为影响中的应用效果。方法 以家庭系统理论为框架构建家庭PBS方案,选取2019年3月—2020年2月于重庆市某三级甲等儿童医院就诊的100例学龄前恶性肿瘤患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为试验组（n=50）和对照组（n=50）。试验组在常规护理基础上接受为期3个月的家庭PBS方案,对照组实施常规护理。比较两组干预前后家庭亲密度与适应性量表得分、养育心理灵活性问卷得分及长处与困难问卷得分。结果 两组干预后长处与困难问卷得分低于干预前（均P<0.001）,家庭亲密度与适应性量表得分高于干预前（均P<0.001）;试验组干预后养育心理灵活性问卷得分高于干预前（P<0.001）;干预后试验组长处与困难问卷得分低于对照组（P<0.001）,家庭亲密度与适应性量表得分和养育心理灵活性问卷得分高于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论 应用家庭PBS方案可减少学龄前恶性肿瘤患儿情绪行为问题的发生,改善家庭亲密度与适应性,提高父母养育心理灵活性。     

Genomic DNA of MCF-7 breast cancer cells not an ideal choice as positive control for PCR amplification based detection of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Like Sequences

The identification of the etiology of breast cancer is a crucial research issue for the development of an effective preventive and treatment strategies. Researchers are exploring the possible involvement of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) in causing human breast cancer. Hence, it becomes very important to use a consistent positive control agent in PCR amplification based detection of MMTV-Like Sequence (MMTV-LS) in human breast cancer for accurate and reproducible results. This study was done to investigate the feasibility of using genomic DNA of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to detect MMTV-LS using PCR amplification based detection. MMTV env and SAG gene located at the 3′ long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences were targeted for the PCR based detection. No amplification was observed in case of the genomic DNA of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. However, the 2.7 kb DNA fragment comprising MMTV env and SAG LTR sequences yielded the products of desired size. From these results it can be concluded that Genomic DNA of MCF-7 cell is not a suitable choice as positive control for PCR or RT-PCR based detection of MMTV-LS. It is also suggested that plasmids containing the cloned genes or sequences of MMTV be used as positive control for detection of MMTV-LS.     

Positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders: A theoretical review

Conceptualizations of emotion regulation have led to the identification of cognitive and behavioral regulatory abnormalities that contribute to the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. However, existing research on emotion regulation in anxiety and mood disorders has primarily focused on the regulation of negative emotions rather than positive emotions. Recent findings indicate that disturbances in positive emotion regulation occur across emotional disorders, and may be a generative target for treatment research. The aims of this paper are to: 1. Present a transdiagnostic model of positive emotion disturbances in emotional disorders; 2. Review evidence for disturbances in positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders across categories of emotion regulation; and 3. Propose treatment strategies that may address these disturbances.     

Positive affect dimensions and their association with inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic heart failure

Background

In cardiac patients positive affect has found to be associated with improved clinical outcomes, with reduced inflammation being one of the potential mechanisms responsible.

Methods

Positive affect was assessed using The Global Mood Scale (GMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patient with chronic heart failure (N = 210; 67 ± 9 years, 79% men). Markers of inflammation (TNFα, sTNFr1, sTNFr2, IL-6 and CRP) were measured and averaged at three consecutive time points.

Results

The positive affect dimensions of the GMS and PANAS were significantly associated with lower averaged levels of sTNFr2, TNFα and IL-6 (p < .1), even after adjustment for clinical and lifestyle confounders. Positive affect of the HADS was significantly associated with lower averaged levels of hsCRP (p < .1), but was no longer significant after correction for lifestyle confounders and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Positive affect is associated with reduced inflammation in patients with heart failure.     

Perceived Stress,Positive Resources and Their Interactions as Possible Related Factors for Depressive Symptoms

Objective The present study aimed to explore how the patterns of interaction between stress and positive resources differ according to the severity of depression and which resources play the most important role among the various positive resources. Methods The study included 1,806 people who had visited a health screening center for a mental health check-up to evaluate the levels of perceived stress, positive resources, and depressive symptoms. The participants were divided into a depressive group (n=1,642, mean age 50.60, female 68%) and a non-depressive group (n=164, mean age 48.42, female 66.6%). We conducted hierarchical regression analyses and simple slope analyses to examine the interaction between perceived stress and positive resources. Results The interaction between perceived stress and optimism was significantly associated with depression in non-depressive groups. In depressive groups, the interactions between five types of positive resources (optimism, purpose in life, self-control, social support and care) and perceived stress were all significantly related to depression. Conclusion Interventions that promote optimism can be helpful for preventing inevitable stress from leading to depression. A deficiency in positive resources may be a factor in aggravating depression in stressful situations for people reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms.     

信访干部工作满意度、幸福感、积极情绪及心理健康

目的探讨信访干部工作满意度、幸福感、积极情绪、心理健康的现状及其之间关系。方法方便选取陕西省部分城市信访干部191名,对其施测工作满意度、总体幸福感、情绪量表与SCL-90量表。结果①信访干部的工作满意度较高,幸福感较低,积极情绪和消极情绪体验较少,心理健康状况较好;②信访干部的心理健康与工作满意度(r=-0.668,P>0.01)、幸福感(r=-0.298,P<0.01)呈显著负相关,与消极情绪呈显著正相关(r=0.769,P<0.01);工作满意度、消极情绪对心理健康的回归效应显著(t=-5.309,10.175,P=0.000);③工作满意度是幸福感的主要影响变量(β=0.50,P=0.000)。结论消极情绪和工作满意度是影响信访干部心理健康与幸福感的重要因素。     

流动与非流动初中生积极心理品质的比较

目的对流动与非流动初中生积极心理品质:自立人格、心理韧性、正性-负性情绪进行比较,为推动流动初中生心理健康发展提供依据。方法采用青少年自立人格量表、青少年心理韧性量表、正性-负性情绪量表对深圳某中学658名初中1～3年级的学生进行抽样调查,以筛选出的392名流动初中生为研究组,其他学生为对照组。利用SPSS16.0统计软件对调查结果进行统计分析。结果①流动与非流动初中生在自立人格各因子及正性-负性情绪上无显著差异;②流动初中生在心理韧性的积极认知上得分显著高于非流动初中生(F=4.078,P<0.05),其它因子无显著差异。结论流动对流动初中生积极心理品质发展的影响并不明显,可通过教育发挥流动的积极意义。     

慢性心力衰竭患者和家庭照顾者相依关系对双方正性情绪及积极应对方式的影响

目的:基于主客体互倚模型(APIM)分析慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者和家庭照顾者的相依关系对双方正性情绪及积极应对方式的影响。方法:本研究为横断面研究。采用便利抽样法,选取2020年1—7月于南京医科大学第一附属医院心内科住院的101对CHF患者及其家庭照顾者作为调查对象。采用自制一般资料调查表、相依关系量表、中文版正负情绪量表和中文版简易应对方式量表对CHF患者及其家庭照顾者进行横断面调查,并建立相依关系对正性情绪及积极应对方式的APIM。结果:在主体效应方面,CHF患者及其家庭照顾者的相依关系均可影响自身的正性情绪(回归系数分别为3.922、3.427;P<0.01)和积极应对方式(回归系数分别为2.936、2.828;P<0.01);在客体效应方面,家庭照顾者的相依关系可影响CHF患者的正性情绪(回归系数为2.744,P<0.01)和积极应对方式(回归系数为2.198,P<0.05)。结论:CHF患者的情绪和应对行为受到自身和家庭照顾者所感知相依关系的正向影响,提示临床工作者应重视CHF家庭照护中相依关系的评估,积极探索以相依关系为焦点的干预方案。     

Screening for hypertension in young people with obesity: Feasibility in the real life

Background and aimScreening for pediatric hypertension (HTN) is based on several measurements of blood pressure (BP) in different visits. We aimed to assess its feasibility in outpatient youths with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) in terms of adherence to two-repeated measurements of BP and to show the features of youths who missed the follow-up and the predictive role of clinical and/or anamnestic features on confirmed HTN.Methods and resultsSix hundred, eighty-eight youths (9–17 years) with OW/OB, consecutively recruited, underwent a first measurement of BP. Those exhibiting BP levels within the hypertensive range were invited to repeat a second measurement within 1–2 weeks. Confirmed HTN was diagnosed when BP in the hypertensive range was confirmed at the second measurement. At entry, 174 youths (25.1%) were classified as hypertensive. At the second visit, 66 youths (37.9%) were lost to follow-up. In the remaining 108 participants, HTN was confirmed in 59, so that the prevalence of confirmed HTN was 9.5% in the overall sample; it was higher in adolescents than children (15.9% vs 6.8%, P = 0.001). HTN at first visit showed the best sensitivity (100%) and a good specificity (91%) for confirmed HTN. The association of HTN at first visit plus familial HTN showed high specificity (98%) and positive predictive value of 70%.ConclusionThe high drop-out rate confirms the real difficulty to obtain a complete diagnostic follow up in the obese population. Information about family history of HTN may assist pediatricians in identifying those children who are at higher risk of confirmed HTN.     

Arrhythmogenic potential of positive inotropic agents

The clinical use of positive inotropic agents has been associated with increased mortality, with proarrhythmia speculated to be a contributing factor. This study compares the arrhythmogenic potential of six positive inotropic agents representing different mechanistic classes: the β-adrenergic agonist dobutamine, the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin, the phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor milrinone, the cardiac glycoside ouabain, and the sodium channel agonists DPI 201-106 and BDF 9148. These agents were studied in dogs with anterior myocardial infarction using lower and higher dose i. v. regimens targeted to elicit 20–40% and 70–90% increases in LV+dP/dt, respectively. Precipitation of new ventricular arrhythmia by programmed ventricular stimulation was observed in all treatment groups. Incidences of new arrhythmia were comparable in the lower dose regimens, ranging from 16.7% (3/18 animals with BDF 9148) to 31.6% (6/19 animals with DPI 201-106), and in the higher dose regimens, ranging from 10.0% (1/10 animals with milrinone) to 27.7% (5/18 animals with DPI 201-106). The overall incidence of new ventricular arrhythmia ranged from 27.3% (3/11 animals with ouabain) to 47.4% (9/19 animals with DPI 201-106). No differences were observed in underlying infarct size or time from infarction to electrophysiologic study between subgroups of animals in which new arrhythmias were precipitated vs. those remaining non-responsive in any treatment group. The positive inotropic agents tested displayed diverse total group effects on heart rate, electrocardiographic intervals including QTc and ventricular refractoriness. Within individual treatment comparisons revealed a general but not universal pattern of greater ventricular refractory period values in newly inducible vs. non-inducible subgroups in the DPI 201-106, BDF 9148 and ouabain (low and high dose); milrinone and dobutamine (high dose) treatment groups. These findings indicate that regardless of underlying cellular mechanisms of action, the six positive inotropic agents tested all displayed comparable proarrhythmic potentials unrelated to underlying infarct size and time from infarction. This observation suggests the general shared property of increased myocardial contractility, potentially adversely affecting myocardial oxygen balance, myocardial perfusion and electrical stability in the setting of previous myocardial infarction, to be a common underlying cause for arrhythmogenesis. Additionally, alterations in ventricular refractoriness and repolarization may contribute significantly to proarrhythmia with some positive inotropic interventions. Received: 20 July 1999, Returned for 1. revision: 16 September 1999, 1. Revision received: 26 October 1999, Returned for 2. revision: 24 November 1999, 2. Revision received: 22 December 1999, Accepted: 6 January 2000