人精浆酸性磷酸酶对小鼠T淋巴细胞产生IL-2的影响

本文研究了从正常人精浆中分离纯化的酸性磷酸酶（ACP）对BALB／c小鼠脾脏细胞来源的T淋巴细胞产生IL-2的影响。本文采用MTT生物学测定法测IL-2活性。实验证明：人糖浆ACP对小鼠T淋巴细胞产生IL-2有明显的抑制作用（P＜0．05），并且抑制作用随ACP剂量的增加而增强。这说明了精浆中大量ACP是构成精浆免疫抑制功能的重要组成成份之一。     

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status and early growth of low birth weight infants

We correlated arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status with anthropometric measures and growth rates in a group of low birth weight infants (≤2500 g; gestational ages 30–41 weeks; n = 143). AA and DHA status were measured in erythrocytes (RBC) and plasma cholesterol esters (CE) during days 10 to 42. Infants received preterm formula without long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP; n = 81), with LCP (n = 29) or maternal milk (n = 33). RBC AA contents on day 10 were correlated (P < 0.05) with birth weight in breast-fed infants and all formula-fed infants, with on day 10 a standard deviation score (SDS) for weight, length and occipito-frontal circumference in all formula-fed infants, and with on day 10 an SDS for length in breast-fed infants. Brain weight was related to RBC DHA and CE DHA contents on both day 10 and day 42 in formula-fed infants. Of the variances of brain growth parameters on day 42, 21–34% were explained by DHA status on day 42 and protein intake from days 10–42. Conclusion We conclude that parameters of early neonatal AA status are related to intra-uterine rather than to post-natal growth. Parameters of post-natal brain growth are related to RBC DHA and CE DHA contents on day 42, and to dietary protein intake. These results point to the importance of dietary DHA for brain growth in the first 6 post-natal weeks. Received: 23 July 1996 / Received in revised form and accepted: 18 June 1997     

进口奶粉与国产奶粉脂肪酸含量的测定和比较

目的 :研究奶粉中脂肪酸各组分的构成比 ;比较进口奶粉和国产奶粉中脂肪酸构成比 ;对比奶粉标签营养成分表与实际测定结果。方法 :以进口和国产奶粉为研究对象 ,采用气相色谱法进行脂肪酸的分离和测定。结果 :(1)奶粉中共有 2 9种脂肪酸得到确认。 (2 )豆蔻酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、总不饱和脂肪酸、总多价不饱和脂肪酸及总饱和脂肪酸的含量在进口奶粉和国产奶粉之间差异无显著性意义 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;(3)棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量的差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,国产奶粉明显高于进口奶粉 ;油酸和α-亚麻酸含量的差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 1) ,进口奶粉明显高于国产奶粉 ;(4 )花生四烯酸在进口奶粉中检出率仅为 5 3.33% ,而在国产奶粉中检出率高达 93.33%。两者差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;廿二碳六烯酸在进口奶粉中检出率为 4 6 .6 7% ,而在国产奶粉中均未检出。 (5 )奶粉营养成分表脂肪酸标示值与实际测定值基本一致。结论 :(1)奶粉中脂肪酸基本由 2 0～ 2 9种脂肪酸组成。 (2 )进口奶粉在棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸和廿二碳六烯酸等指标上优于国产奶粉 ;国产奶粉在花生四烯酸指标上优于进口奶粉。 (3)奶粉标签营养成分表脂肪酸标示值可信度高     

氯乙烯对大鼠精子生成量和畸形率的影响

[目的 ]探讨氯乙烯 (vinylchloride ,VC)对雄性大鼠精子生成和畸形发生的影响。 [方法 ] 68只SD雄性大鼠随机分成 4组 ,分别为 5 ,10 ,2 0mg/kg 3个染毒组和对照组 ,进行 12周亚慢性实验 ,分别在染毒 3 ,6,9周每组随机处理 3只大鼠观察睾丸的精子头计数、每日精子生成量 (dailyspermproduction ,DSP)、精子畸形发生率和睾丸组织碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶 (LDHx)的动态变化。 [结果 ]染毒结束时 ,各染毒组睾丸精子头计数和DSP均低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;高剂量组ALP和LDHx活性分别为 71.60 μmol/(min·gpro)和 173 6.0 2 μmol/(min·gpro) ,都低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。 [结论 ] 2 0mg/kg氯乙烯经 12周亚慢性染毒对雄性大鼠具有一定的生殖毒性。     

牛奶及奶制品中兽药残留的监控

在食品安全领域中，兽药残留控制计划程序是一新的管理模式。本文较全面系统地阐述了食源性动物兽药的应用特点；制定监控计划的基本原则；主管机构、生产企业及检测实验室的主要责任；监控结果及反馈控制程序；监控样品抽取及传递程序；监控检测实验室及管理等各主要环节的制定原则及实施要点。为牛奶及奶制品中兽药残留监控计划的科学制定提供了系统的参考依据。     

健康成人可接受牛奶摄入量实验研究

目的找出严重乳糖不耐受者最低可接受牛奶摄入量,观察此摄入量在健康成人中的耐受情况。方法采用氢呼气试验从38名受试者中筛选出8名有水样状腹泻的乳糖不耐受者,分成低、高剂量组参加饮奶试验。两组症状评分之和大致相等,据文献报道及单因素优选法(黄金分割法)确定两组对象分别饮用25g和38.2g奶粉(分别含6.25g和9.55g乳糖)和水冲调成的200ml牛奶,分析受试者氢呼气浓度变化值、症状评分、粪便乳糖含量(醋酸铅法)。采用随机整群抽样方法选取健康的100名青年、80名中年、100名老年人,观察摄入25g奶粉后出现的耐受症状。结果两组受试者在饮奶试验中无一例腹泻发生,仅有不同程度的轻微症状;高剂量组(B组)对象饮奶后,其氢呼气浓度、症状评分、粪便乳糖均高于低剂量组(A组)。健康成人饮用25g奶粉冲调的牛奶后,80.3%的对象未产生任何乳糖不耐受症状。结论结果表明健康成人即使为乳糖不耐受者也能饮用适量牛奶,大多数健康成人摄入25g奶粉(含乳糖6.25g)后不会出现任何乳糖不耐受症状,建议20g奶粉(含乳糖5g,配成160ml牛奶)作为我国成年人的最低可接受牛奶摄入量。     

双歧异黄酮奶粉抗氧化作用研究

目的:研究双歧异黄酮奶粉的抗氧化作用.方法:小鼠每4d注射阿霉素(ADR)5mg/kg,连续4次,制备小鼠高过氧化模型,同时实验组予双歧异黄酮奶粉灌胃(8.38,16.67,50.00g/kg),对照组予普通奶粉,测定小鼠的抗氧化能力.结果:双歧异黄酮奶粉能明显提高小鼠超氧化物歧化酶(S0D)活性,降低脂质过氧化物(LP0)含量.结论:双歧异黄酮奶粉具有抗氧化作用.     

七年制考试改革成果分析

传统的一次性闭卷考试存在不少的弊端,我院在七年制中医学专业(中西医结合方向)两门临床课程中,试行了以多种形式相结合的考试改革,以综合考试形式取代传统的一次性期末考试.实践证明,考试改革的试行,大大提高了学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,激发了学生学习的兴趣,取得了较好的效果.     

Incidence of Listeria species in bovine,ovine, caprine,camel and water buffalo milk using cultural method and the PCR assay

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence rate of Listeria species in bovine, ovine, caprine, camel and water buffalo milk in Iran.MethodsFrom September 2010 to December 2011 a total of 260 bulk milk samples including 85 bovine, 37 camel, 34 water buffalo, 56 ovine and 48 caprine bulk milk samples were collected from commercial dairy herds, in Fars and Khuzestan provinces, Iran and were evaluated for the presence of Listeria species using cultural method and the PCR assay.ResultsUsing cultural method, 19 samples (7.3%) were positive for Listeria spp. The highest prevalence of Listeria was found in raw water buffalo milk (11.8%), followed by raw bovine milk (10.6%), raw ovine milk (7.1%), and raw caprine milk (4.2%) samples. All 37 camel milk samples from 20 camel breeding farms were negative for Listeria spp. The overall prevalence of Listeria was 7.3%, in which Listeria innocua was the most recovered species (4.2%); the remaining isolates were Listeria monocytogenes (1.9%), Listeria ivanovii (0.08%) and Listeria seeligari (0.04%). The PCR assay could identify 8 Listeria-contaminated milk samples that were negative using the cultural method.ConclusionsThe results presented in this study indicate the potential risk of infection with Listeria in people consuming raw and unpasteurized milk.     

Botulinum Toxin A for Oral Cavity Cancer Patients: In Microsurgical Patients BTX Injections in Major Salivary Glands Temporarily Reduce Salivary Production and the Risk of Local Complications Related to Saliva Stagnation

In patients suffering from oral cavity cancer surgical treatment is complex because it is necessary to remove carcinoma and lymph node metastasis (through a radical unilateral or bilateral neck dissection) and to reconstruct the affected area by means of free flaps. The saliva stagnation in the post-operative period is a risk factor with regard to local complications. Minor complications related to saliva stagnation (such as tissue maceration and wound dehiscence) could become major complications compromising the surgery or the reconstructive outcome. In fact the formation of oro-cutaneous fistula may cause infection, failure of the free flap, or the patient’s death with carotid blow-out syndrome. Botulinum injections in the major salivary glands, four days before surgery, temporarily reduces salivation during the healing stage and thus could reduce the incidence of saliva-related complications. Forty three patients with oral cancer were treated with botulinum toxin A. The saliva quantitative measurement and the sialoscintigraphy were performed before and after infiltrations of botulinum toxin in the major salivary glands. In all cases there was a considerable, but temporary, reduction of salivary secretion. A lower rate of local complications was observed in the post-operative period. The salivary production returned to normal within two months, with minimal side effects and discomfort for the patients. The temporary inhibition of salivary secretion in the post-operative period could enable a reduction in saliva-related local complications, in the incidence of oro-cutaneous fistulas, and improve the outcome of the surgery as well as the quality of residual life in these patients.