声触诊组织量化技术——脾脏剪切波速度无创评估乙型肝炎肝纤维化程度的可行性分析

目的探讨声触诊组织量化(VTQ)技术测量脾脏剪切波速度无创评估乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化程度的可行性。方法应用VTQ技术对246例受试者测量脾脏剪切波速度(SWV),包括60例健康志愿者(归为S0期),53例慢性乙型肝炎患者(S1期12例,S2期19例,S3期20例,S4期2例)及133例临床诊断的乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者(归为S4期),将所得结果按纤维化分期进行分析。结果脾脏SWV与肝纤维化分期相关,相关系数为0.73(P<0.01);SWV在S0、S1、S2、S3期与S4期间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其余各组间SWV差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);诊断S4期的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.95,诊断的临界值为2.78 m/s,灵敏性、特异性分别为0.86、0.94。结论基于VTQ技术的脾脏SWV在无创诊断乙型肝炎S4期有较好的应用前景。     

声触诊组织定量技术诊断结节性甲状腺肿的初步研究

目的 探讨结节性甲状腺肿的声脉冲辐射力(ARFI)弹性成像声触诊组织定量(VTQ)特征.方法 应用ARFI弹性成像VTQ技术检测结节性甲状腺肿病灶44个,记录病灶的横向剪切波速度(SWV)并与其周围相同深度甲状腺组织的SWV比较.并计算每个病灶与其周围甲状腺组织的SWV比值.结果 结节性甲状腺肿的SWV为0.61～4.02 m/s,平均值为(2.24±0.83)m/s;周围甲状腺组织的SWV为1.18～3.32 m/s,平均值为(2.05±0.46)m/s,两者比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.37,P=0.174).病灶与其周围甲状腺组织SWV比值为0.31～2.59,平均值为(1.17±0.45).结论 AFRI弹性成像VTQ技术能定量反映结节性甲状腺肿病灶与周围甲状腺组织的弹性特征,可对结节性甲状腺肿的诊断提供一定的帮助.     

治疗性触摸在睡眠呼吸暂停患者CPAP压力滴定当晚应用的效果评价

目的 探讨治疗性触摸对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者持续气道正压通气(CPAP)压力滴定当晚焦虑及睡眠质量的影响.方法 将48例经多导睡眠图监测诊断为中、重度并接受CPAP压力滴定的OSAHS患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各24例.在压力滴定当晚对照组采用常规护理,治疗组在常规护理基础上,采用治疗性触摸干预.滴定结束时采用状态焦虑量表(SAI)和视觉模拟评分标尺(VAS)评估患者的焦虑水平及CPAP治疗的满意度.结果 与对照组相比,干预后治疗组SAI评分显著下降,CPAP治疗满意度显著高于对照组;治疗组睡眠潜伏期变短,实际睡眠时间变长,睡眠质量较对照组显著提高.结论 治疗性触摸可以有效缓解患者CPAP压力滴定当晚的焦虑情绪,提高治疗接受度及舒适度,缩短入睡时间,延长总睡眠时间,有效改善患者的睡眠质量.     

比较声触诊组织量化与弹性应变率比值法诊断乳腺疾病

目的 比较声触诊组织量化(VTQ)与弹性应变率(SR)比值法判断乳腺病变良恶性的价值.方法 对103例女性患者共126个乳腺病变进行压迫式弹性成像检查,获得相应的弹性图,测量SR值;进一步应用声辐射力脉冲成像测量病灶的VTQ值;以病理结果为金标准,构建ROC曲线,比较两种方法的诊断价值.结果 VTQ值判断乳腺病变良恶性的最佳临界点为6.64 m/s,ROC曲线下面积为0.88,其判断乳腺恶性病变的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为82.61％(19/23)、100％(103/103)和96.83％(122/126).SR比值法判断乳腺恶性病变的ROC曲线下面积为0.87.二者ROC曲线下面积的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 VTQ技术可用于判断乳腺良恶性病变,其诊断价值与SR比值法相当.     

An hour of bright white light in the early morning improves performance and advances sleep and circadian phase during the Antarctic winter

Previous work has demonstrated that exposure to an hour of bright light in the morning and the evening during the Polar winter has beneficial effects on circadian phase. This study investigated the effect of a single hour of bright white morning light on circadian phase, sleep, alertness and cognitive performance. Nine individuals (eight male, one female, median age 30years), wintering at Halley Research Station (75°S), Antarctica from 7th May until 6th August 2007, were exposed to bright white light for a fortnight from 08:30 to 09:30h, with two fortnight control periods on either side. This sequence was performed twice, before and following Midwinter. Light exposure, sleep and alertness were assessed daily by actigraphy, sleep diaries and subjective visual analogue scales. Circadian phase (assessed by urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythm) and cognitive performance were evaluated at the end of each fortnight. During light exposure circadian phase was advanced from 4.97±0.96 decimal hours (dh) (mean±SD) to 4.08±0.68dh (p=0.003). Wake-up time was shifted by a similar margin from 8.45±1.83dh to 7.59±0.78dh (p<0.001). Sleep start time was also advanced (p=0.047) but by a lesser amount, consequently, actual sleep time was slightly reduced. There was no change in objective or subjective measures of sleep quality or subjective measures of alertness. An improvement in cognitive performance was found with both the Single Letter Cancellation Test (p<0.001) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (p=0.026) with preserved circadian variation. These beneficial effects of a single short duration light treatment may have implications not only for the Antarctic but other remote environments where access to natural light and delayed circadian phase, is problematic. These results require validation in larger studies at varying locations.     

Suppressing cardiac vagal modulation and changing sleep patterns in rats after chronic ischemic stroke injury

Chronic autonomic function and sleep architecture changes in patients post-stroke are not well understood. Using wireless polysomnographic recordings, this study aimed to investigate the long-term effects on sleep patterns and autonomic function in free moving rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The sleep pattern and heart rate variability (HRV) of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were analyzed. After 7-10days, the rats were divided into two groups: an MCAO group (n=8) and a sham surgery group (n=8). Compared with shams, MCAO rats showed decreased accumulated quiet sleep (QS) time over 24h during the 3rd week. The time percentage, duration and delta power of QS were also significantly decreased in the MCAO group during the dark period. Compared with baseline, there were significant increases in the parasympathetic-associated HRV measures in the sham group, including the total power (TP), high frequency power (HF) and lower frequency power (LF), throughout the post-operative weeks (primarily the 2nd and 3rd weeks), reflecting a developmental increase of parasympathetic modulation; the normalized LF and the LF-HF ratio were unaffected. In great contrast, however, most of the HRV measures in the MCAO group were not significantly changed. Therefore, this study showed that the long-term effects of ischemic stroke injury involve retardation of the establishment of parasympathetic enhancement and disturbance of the normal sleep-wake cycle.     

Sirtl在皮肤病中的研究进展

Sirtl是依赖于尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸的组蛋白和非组蛋白去乙酰化酶,为Sirtuins家族成员之一,参与机体长寿、能量代谢、应激、炎症以及肿瘤的调控等。近年来,部分学者研究Sirtl与皮肤病的关系发现：Sirtl可保护皮下胶原蛋白,防止紫外线照射引发的光老化;Sirtl还可下调STAT3、环氧化酶2等细胞因子,发挥抗炎作用。Sirtl与皮肤肿瘤的关系较复杂,Sirtl可能具有致癌性,同时还具有抑癌功能。Sirtl的激活剂和抑制剂可能在今后皮肤病的治疗和预防中发挥重要的作用。     

Competing clocks: metabolic status moderates signals from the master circadian pacemaker

Food anticipation and its behavioural manifestation, food anticipatory activity (FAA), require entrainment of a suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) independent circadian mechanism, a food entrainable oscillator (FEO), with an unknown neural substrate. While the FEO entrains to fasting/feeding related cues and drives FAA independently of the pacemaker in the SCN, it must disengage the suppressing signals of the SCN for the behavioural and physiological manifestations of meal anticipation to occur outside of the typical period of arousal. This review provides a brief overview of mammalian circadian biology before summarizing experimental data demonstrating several mechanisms by which this may occur, including: reducing activation of SCN cells receiving retinal input, transient disorganization of SCN outputs, and reduced sensitivity to SCN signals in hypothalamic sites responsible for integrating homeostatic and circadian information. Further investigation of these mechanisms will be key to elucidating pharmacological or behavioural interventions that suppress the negative psychological and health effects of light-driven circadian rhythms in humans, specifically those with work schedules that do not conform to the solar day.     

Prominent activation of the intraparietal and somatosensory areas during angle discrimination by intra-active touch

Intra‐active touch (IAT) is a process that involves a body part doing the touching (active touch [AT]) and another body part being touched (passive touch [PT]) simultaneously. The brain representation related to IAT is still unclear. A total of 23 subjects carried out angle discrimination under PT, AT and IAT conditions with functional magnetic resonance imaging. All of the tasks were strictly dependent on cutaneous feedback from the finger(s). As the subjects were able to perceive the angle stimuli from the right (touching) and left (touched) sides during the IAT condition, we expected there would be greater brain activation with the IAT condition than for the AT or PT condition. Therefore, we hypothesized that the region within and/or around the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the part of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that is associated with high‐level tactile spatial processing would be more active during the IAT task than during the AT and PT tasks. Compared with the areas activated by the motor somatosensory control task, the most prominent activation areas evoked by the three‐angle discrimination tasks were in the SI and secondary somatosensory cortex areas in the bilateral parietal operculum, IPS, lateral occipital complex, insula and cerebellum. Finally, we directly compared IAT with AT and PT, and the results suggest that the contralateral part of IPS and part of the SI are more active under IAT conditions than under either AT or PT conditions. These results suggest that both hemispheres contribute to angle discrimination during IAT. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

灵猫方联合恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎临床研究

目的：探讨灵猫方联合恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎（1×ULN≤ALT≤2×ULN）的临床疗效。方法：采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的方法,将56例患者分为治疗组28例和对照组28例。治疗组给予灵猫方联合恩替卡韦治疗,对照组给予安慰剂联合恩替卡韦治疗,疗程为12个月。观察两组患者的临床疗效及血清HBV-DNA、HBeAg、HBsAg水平的变化。结果：治疗后,治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为92.86%和89.29%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗组患者的HBV-DNA、HBsAg、HBeAg下降幅度明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：灵猫方联合恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎（1×ULN≤ALT≤2×ULN）,在抑制乙肝病毒复制,降低HBsAg、HBeAg的表达方面优于单用恩替卡韦。