卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后放置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器的临床观察

目的:探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后宫腔放置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器(LNG-IUS)的临床疗效。方法:选择2006年6月~2008年4月在该院施行卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术的患者,31例为术后放置LNG-IUS(LNG-IUS组),30例为术后口服孕三烯酮(对照组),比较术前VAS3分者治疗后VAS的评分变化及观察复发情况等。结果:LNG-IUS组平均VAS评分由术前的(6.45±0.47)分分别降至治疗3个月及6个月后的(1.65±0.36)分和(1.85±0.48)分,治疗3个月和6个月与术前VAS评分比较有统计学差异(P0.01),但与孕三烯酮组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.611,P=0.462);治疗1年LNG-IUS组与对照组中重度痛经的发生率分别为12.90%(4/31)和30.00%(9/30),两组复发率分别为19.35%(6/31)和33.33%(10/30),中重度痛经的发生率和复发率两组比较无统计学差异(P=0.623,P=0.255)。愿意继续接受治疗的LNG-IUS组(87.10%)明显高于对照组(46.67%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:LNG-IUS可有效缓解卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的相关疼痛,有较好的依从性,可作为内异症保守性手术后预防或延缓复发的辅助性治疗方法。     

Hormonal evaluation and midcycle detection of intrauterine glycodelin in women treated with levonorgestrel as in emergency contraception

Background

The study was conducted to assess the effects of levonorgestrel (LNG) on hormonal behavior and on the secretory pattern of intrauterine glycodelin at the midcycle of ovulatory women.

Study Design

Thirty healthy sterilized women with normal ovarian function were studied during one control untreated cycle and one LNG-treated cycle. In the treated cycle, each woman received two doses of 0.75 mg of LNG 12 h apart during the preovulatory phase approximately 2 days before the LH surge. Daily follicle development recordings were performed until follicle rupture was observed, and serum glycodelin, LH, estradiol, estrone and progesterone were measured as well. In addition, glycodelin concentrations were assayed in uterine flushing obtained on Days LH+1 and LH+12.

Results

LNG did not modify follicle rupture in 20 of 30 women. In spite of ovulatory progesterone and the occurrence of follicle rupture in these women, luteal phase length was significantly decreased, as well as the serum concentrations of LH, estradiol and estrone in the periovulatory phase. Glycodelin in serum and uterine flushings was significantly elevated in the periovulatory phase when compared to control cycles.

Conclusions

LNG taken at the dose used in emergency contraception before the LH surge increased prematurely serum and intrauterine concentrations of glycodelin at the time of ovulation. Since there are well established glycodelin inhibitory effects upon fertilization, these results may represent an additional action of LNG in situations where the intervention did not interfere with ovulation.     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗子宫内膜单纯性增生过长的研究

目的：探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统（曼月乐）治疗子宫内膜单纯性增生过长的疗效及可能作用机制。方法：选取 2011年11月—2012年2月门诊应用曼月乐治疗子宫内膜单纯性增生过长的患者60例,观察放置曼月乐6个月后的子宫内膜活检病理变化及经阴道超声测量子宫内膜厚度、子宫动脉血流[阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）]及月经模式的改变。结果：2例由于阴道持续性点滴出血提前取出,58例子宫内膜转归正常。放置曼月乐前后子宫内膜厚度、RI分别为（1.52±0.33） cm、（0.62±0.14）cm和0.64±0.07、0.79±0.08,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,PI分别为1.98±0.51、1.96±0.04,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05)。放置曼月乐后经量明显减少,24例表现为月经稀发,32例表现为闭经。结论：曼月乐是治疗子宫内膜单纯性增生过长的简单有效方法,对子宫动脉血流的影响是其可能的作用机制。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统防治子宫内膜异位症的作用机制

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)作为一种有效的避孕工具,除用于人类节育外,在防治子宫内膜异位症(EMs)方面也取得了较好效果。国内外大量研究表明,EMs患者应用LNG-IUS治疗,可使子宫内膜萎缩,抑制内膜增殖和促使内膜变薄,从而减少逆流腹腔的经血量,达到预防异位内膜种植发生之目的。目前,与LNG-IUS治疗EMs相关的分子机制的报道很多,多数文献主要从细胞凋亡、血管形成相关因子以及性激素受体等方面来阐述。对LNG-IUS治疗EMs相关的分子机制的研究作一综述。     

1 056例皮下埋植避孕剂取出原因分析

目的：探讨皮下埋植避孕剂取出原因与取出年龄和放置时间的关系。方法：对1994年1月—2014年12月在本所门诊取出皮下埋植避孕剂的1 056例育龄妇女进行取出原因分析,比较不同取出年龄段及不同放置时间的因症取出原因的构成比。结果：1 056例皮下埋植避孕剂取出人群中,539例期满取出,395例因月经异常取出,97例因除月经外其他不适取出,23例因计划妊娠或改用其他避孕方法取出,2例在有效期内避孕失败取出。皮下埋植避孕剂取出原因构成比在不同取出年龄组中差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,在不同放置时间组中差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;其中不同取出年龄和放置时间组中,月经异常和头痛、痤疮等其他症状的构成比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,计划妊娠或改用其他避孕方法的构成比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：皮下埋植避孕剂是持久、高效、简便的避孕方法,月经异常和头痛、痤疮等症状是不同年龄段和放置时间皮下埋植避孕剂取出的主要原因。     

子宫内膜异位症术后置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器的临床疗效

目的观察子宫内膜异位症术后置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器的临床疗效。方法选择经手术和病理确诊的子宫内膜异位症患者84例,均行腹腔镜手术,按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组42例。对照组术后仅予短期药物治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上术后放置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器。术后随访1年,比较两组疗效。结果治疗组随访1年时的疼痛评分为0分,低于对照组的（1．5±0．2）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组术后术后月经量占术前的比例及癌抗原125水平明显低于对照组[（11±3）％比（45±6）％、（7．01±2．97）U／L比（38．79±31．43）U／L],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组术后病灶复发率为2．38％（1／42）,低于对照组的28．57％（12／42）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论子宫内膜异位症术后置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器能明显缓解患者术后疼痛,减少月经量,降低病灶复发率,临床疗效显著。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗功能失调性子宫出血的疗效分析

目的：观察左炔诺孕酮缓释系统治疗功能失调性子宫出血的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取218例功能失调性子宫出血患者,在患者的宫腔内放置左炔诺孕酮缓释系统进行治疗。分别于放置前与放置后第3、6、12个月时观察并记录子宫内膜厚度、外周血血红蛋白、月经量、月经周期的数据及不良反应。结果治疗后随访12个月,患者的子宫内膜厚度逐渐变薄,月经量逐渐减少,月经周期逐渐延长,月经周期外周血血红蛋白浓度逐渐上升,与置入前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不良反应发生率为2.75%（6/218）,表现轻微可耐受或自行缓解。结论对功能失调性子宫出血患者采用左炔诺孕酮缓释系统进行治疗,可以有效改善子宫内膜厚度,减少子宫出血量,矫正子宫功能,改善贫血症状,不良反应少,临床疗效满意且安全可靠。     

Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System – The discontinuing story

Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) is licensed for use as a contraceptive, for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding and during estrogen replacement therapy. It is publicized as a local source of progestogen with minimal systemic adverse effects. However, there is overwhelming evidence of elevated serum and tissue levels of levonorgestrel, and high discontinuation and dissatisfaction rates amongst users. The guidelines of The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), United Kingdom recommended that the healthcare professionals should be aware that upto 60% of women discontinue using LNG-IUS within 5 years because of unscheduled bleeding, pain, and/or systemic progestogenic adverse effects. This article highlights these issues to healthcare professionals to ensure that the rates of adverse effects are not underestimated, and full information are made available to women to enable them making an informed choice.     

Vaginal danazol for women with rectovaginal endometriosis and pain symptoms persisting after insertion of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with vaginal danazol in improving the pain symptoms caused by rectovaginal endometriosis that persist after insertion of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD).

Methods

This pilot observational study included 15 women with rectovaginal endometriosis and pain symptoms persisting after LNG-IUD insertion. Vaginal danazol (100 mg per day) was self-administered for 6 months. The intensity of pain symptoms and the volume of rectovaginal endometriotic nodules were evaluated.

Results

Twelve women were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment. After treatment with vaginal danazol for 3 months, there was a significant decrease in the intensity of pain symptoms compared with their intensity before the administration of danazol. The intensity of pain symptoms decreased further at 6-month follow-up. The volume of the rectovaginal nodules decreased after treatment with vaginal danazol for 6 months (1.7 ± 0.8 cm³) compared with the baseline volume (2.3 ± 0.9 cm³; P < 0.001). Adverse effects of the treatment were minimal and well tolerated.

Conclusion

Although a placebo effect cannot be excluded, the results indicate that vaginal danazol decreases the severity of endometriosis-related pain symptoms after LNG-IUD insertion.