Dopaminergic transmission in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus to produce acupuncture analgesia in correlation with the pituitary gland

Acupuncture analgesia (AA) caused by low frequency stimulation of the acupuncture point (AP) was abolished by hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy. Termination of the AA producing pathway from the AP to the pituitary gland was in the medial hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (M-HARN). The origin of the descending pain inhibitory system associated with AA was in the posterior HARN (P-HARN). AA in the hypophysectomized rats, and enhanced neuronal activity in the P-HARN that were abolished during acupuncture stimulation, were both restored by intraperitoneal microinjection of 0.5 mg/kg morphine or 0.1 micrograms beta-endorphin into the P-HARN during acupuncture stimulation. Of the analgesia produced by dopamine or beta-endorphin injected into the P-HARN, that caused by beta-endorphin disappeared after denervation of the M-HARN. The P-HARN neurons that responded to acupuncture stimulation also responded to iontophoretic dopamine, but not to iontophoretic morphine nor ultramicroinjected beta-endorphin. The transmission between the M-HARN and P-HARN may be dopaminergic, and beta-endorphin might presynaptically modulate this transmission. Reduction of sodium ions may have been the reason for abolition of AA after adrenalectomy.     

二十四员大环双核铜(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及其对超氧化物歧化酶的模拟--Ⅱ配合物的歧化超氧离子的活性

用核黄素光照法测定自合成的2，6-二乙酰基吡啶缩3-氧杂戊烷1，5-二胺大环，H20、im^-、N3^-及SCN^-为桥基的双核铜（Ⅱ）配合物的超氧化物歧化酶活性，它们均在10^-5-10^-7mol/L的浓度范围内具有50%以上抑制率。     

大黄乙醇提取物的体外抗新城疫病毒作用

目的：研究大黄乙醇提取物的抗新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）作用。方法：采用体外细胞培养的方法研究大黄乙醇提取物对ＮＤＶ感染的拮抗作用。结果：２０ｇ／Ｌ剂量大黄乙醇提取物对ＢＨＫ２１细胞未有任何毒性作用；０．５ｇ／Ｌ大黄对ＮＤＶ所致ＣＰＥ有明显的抑制作用；大黄可预防ＮＤＶ感染，并对ＮＤＶ的复制动力学有明显影响。结论：大黄乙醇提取物具有明显的抗ＮＤＶ作用。     

树突状细胞激活的肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞体外对自体肝癌细胞杀伤活性的研究

目的探讨树突状细胞(DC)激活的肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TIL)体外对自体肝癌细胞杀伤活性.方法从肝癌患者外周血获取DC,应用粒/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和肿瘤抗原激活DC,然后用DC来激活TIL,观察TIL在体外对自体肝癌细胞的杀伤活性.结果DC激活的TIL具有很高的对自体肝癌细胞杀伤活性,杀伤率为(89.39±3.05)%,明显高于未经DC激活的TIL、CD激活的T淋巴细胞和未经DC激活的T淋巴细胞对自体肝癌细胞的杀伤率.结论肝癌患者外周血DC能诱导TIL产生高效而特异的抗肝癌免疫.     

Maximal oxygen uptake,anthropometry and physical activity in a randomly selected sample of 8 and 13 year old children in Sweden

Summary Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed in 101 randomly selected 8 and 13 year old children. In both age groups a significantly higher aerobic capacity was found in boys than in girls, both in absolute terms and when maximal oxygen uptake was related to body weight, lean body mass and lean leg volume. Among girls, maximal oxygen uptake per kg body weight was lower in the older than in the younger (p<0.05). Estimation of spontaneous physical activity, by means of a questionnaire and the actometry method, indicated that physical activity was greater in children with a high than in those with a low aerobic capacity.     

慢性老年精神分裂症患者认知功能及其与日常生活能力的比较研究

目的 :了解慢性老年精神分裂症患者认知功能和日常生活能力状况 ,探讨此类患者在额叶执行功能和记忆方面的神经心理功能障碍及其特征。方法 :采用简易智力状态检查 (MMSE)、日常生活能力量表 (ADL)、威斯康星卡片分类测验 (WCST)及韦氏记忆量表 (WMS)对 31例慢性老年精神分裂症和 31例正常对照组进行比较研究。结果 :慢性老年精神分裂症组MMSE得分明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;而该组ADL总分明显高于正常对照组(P <0 .0 5 )。除非持续错误外 ,慢性老年精神分裂症患者的威斯康星卡片分类测验和韦氏记忆量表的各项测验成绩均差于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :慢性老年精神分裂症患者认知功能的障碍决定了患者日常生活能力的减退 ;这类患者有明显的额叶执行功能障碍和记忆障碍     

Characteristics of neuronal activity in prefrontal cortex during performance of spatial delayed reactions in monkeys

Several types of neurons were differentiated on the basis of a study of neuronal activity in various parts of the cortex near the sulcus principalis during the execution of spatial delayed reactions by monkeys. It was established that the different types of neurons are represented in different numbers in. different parts of the cortex near the sulcus principalis. The determination of several factors influencing the activity of these neurons and the comparison of data on their quantitative representation in the anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the cortex near the sulcus principalis with the existing behavioral data obtained after local ablations of identical regions of the brain made it possible to postulate that neurons belonging to the different types are involved in the analysis of different processes and represent different functional units.Translated from Fiziologicheskii. Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 71, No. 12, pp. 1488–1494, December, 1985.     

Trends in physical activity behaviours and attitudes among South Australian youth between 1985 and 2004

Rising youth obesity is a serious public health concern. There is a widespread view that declining physical activity is contributing to this trend. A total of 929 young South Australians (age = 9–15 years) were surveyed in 1985 and 2004 on usual physical activity in several contexts, including attitudes to physical activity. Eight of 10 South Australian schools participating in the 1985 Schools Health and Fitness Survey were revisited in 2004. Comparisons were made on: organised sport, active transport, physical education (PE), playground activity, vigorous physical activity (VPA), total leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and attitudes to PE and school sport. The questionnaire and method of administration were identical in both surveys. There were no differences between surveys in club and school sport participation, walking to school, and reported enjoyment of PE and school sport. In 2004 fewer children rode to school, but PE classes were more frequent. The percentage of children who ‘sit and talk’ during school breaks had increased, with a decreased percentage of older girls who ‘run around’ during school breaks. There was a significantly higher LTPA in MET.min in 2004 for boys, which was particularly evident at higher percentiles. There were no changes in mean or distribution of LTPA for the whole sample or girls. The percentage of respondents reporting ≥3 bouts of VPA in the previous week rose from 51% (1985) to 76% (2004). There is no consistent evidence of declining physical activity among South Australian youth. It is apparent that physical activity in some contexts has declined, while in other contexts levels are the same or higher than in 1985. This underscores the complex nature of physical activity and the influences on this behaviour.     

荧光原位杂交法快速鉴定血培养阳性葡萄球菌的临床应用

目的快速鉴定血培养中的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CoNS),结合临床快速判定是否为污染菌。方法采用荧光原位杂交法鉴定血培养中的金黄色葡萄球菌和CoNS,杂交结果若为CoNS,根据临床资料进行判断,并与文献推荐的污染判断法进行结果比较。结果探针的特异性经由标准菌株和临床分离菌株证实。金黄色葡萄球菌探针的特异性和敏感性均为100%,GoNS探针的特异性和敏感性分别为100%和95.5%。179株CoNS中117株判断为污染菌,污染率为68%,与文献推荐的污染判断方法一致。结论荧光原位杂交法适用于血培养中的金黄色葡萄球菌和CoNS的快速鉴定,以排除CoNS污染。     

Comparing histological data from different brains: Sources of error and strategies for minimizing them

The recent development of brain atlases with computer graphics templates, and of huge databases of neurohistochemical data on the internet, has forced a systematic re-examination of errors associated with comparing histological features between adjacent sections of the same brain, between brains treated in the same way, and between brains from groups treated in different ways. The long-term goal is to compare as accurately as possible a broad array of data from experimental brains within the framework of reference atlases. Main sources of error, each of which ideally should be measured and minimized, include intrinsic biological variation, linear and nonlinear distortion of histological sections, plane of section differences between each brain, section alignment problems, and sampling errors. These variables are discussed, along with approaches to error estimation and minimization in terms of a specific example—the distribution of neuroendocrine neurons in the rat paraventricular nucleus. Based on the strategy developed here, the main conclusion is that the best long-term solution is a high-resolution 3D computer graphics model of the brain that can be sliced in any plane and used as the framework for quantitative neuroanatomy, databases, knowledge management systems, and structure–function modeling. However, any approach to the automatic annotation of neuroanatomical data—relating its spatial distribution to a reference atlas—should deal systematically with these sources of error, which reduce localization reliability.