Hydrophobicity of β-adrenoceptor blocking agents: Study of correlations between retention in reversed-phase HPLC systems and octanol-water partition constants

The capacity factors (k′) of seven β-adrenoceptor blocking agents in six different reversed-phase HPLC systems have been determined. Octanol-aqueous buffer (pH 7.4) partition constants (P) for these blocking agents were also obtained. By using target factor analysis (TFA), good empirical correlations between the log k′ and log P were derived. The resulting hydrophobicity order agrees well with the metabolic elimination pathways of these drugs.     

人胎盘提取组织凝血活酶及其质量评价

利用人胎盘抽提得组织凝血活酶，并对其质量进行了评价，同时初步应用于临床。结果显示：用含表面活性剂的抽提剂粉碎抽提的效果较好，所得组织凝血活酶重复性、灵敏度、稳定性均令人满意；与上海荣盛生物制品厂生产的ＰＴ试剂盒比较相关性好：Ｙ＝２．７５＋０．９０５ｘ，ｒ＝０．９２５３，经相关系数ｔ检验，ｔ＝２６．５４６９，Ｐ＜０．００１，呈直线正相关。临床初步应用显示：肝病及抗凝治疗等病人ＰＴ时间明显延长，９３例正常人ｘ＝１１．３秒，ｓ＝０．９６秒，正常范围９．４２－１３．１８秒。     

全肝MR灌注成像早期监测肝VX2肿瘤经皮酒精注射疗效的实验研究

目的研究全肝MR灌注成像（MRPI）早期监视兔肝VX2瘤经皮酒精注射（PEI）疗效的价值。方法新西兰大白兔10只，经开腹手术于肝内注射VX2肿瘤细胞悬液0．1ml，分别在种瘤后第2、3周进行MRT。WI、T2WI检查监视肿瘤生长情况。在种瘤后第3周时，于CT引导下，于肿瘤一侧的早期强化最明显处注射无水乙醇1.0ml，治疗1周后应用MRPI观察治疗效果。灌注参数包括：对比剂到达时间（T0）和最大上升斜率（ss），应用t检验比较治疗区与肿瘤未治疗区的灌注参数。结果10只兔肿瘤均种植成功，第3周时肿瘤直径（2．6±0．6）cm。治疗过程中3只兔死亡，PEI治疗1周后的治疗区呈无或低度强化。肿瘤未治区与治疗区的11D分别为（16．0±1．2）、（50，8±5．9）S，ss分别为38．9±2．2、6．0±1．2，差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为15．8、-39．6，P值均〈0．05）。常规T1 WI、T2 WI无法清晰显示治疗区与未治疗区的差异。结论全肝MRPI可以较敏感的早期监测PEI疗效，早期强化的消失可作为PEI治疗有效的标志。     

A simple model describes large individual differences in simultaneous colour contrast

We report experimental evidence for substantial individual differences in the susceptibility to simultaneous colour contrast. Interestingly, we found that not only the general amount of colour induction varies across observers, but also the general shape of the curves describing asymmetric matching data. A simple model based on von Kries adaptation and crispening describes the data rather well when we regard its free parameters as observer specific. We argue that the von Kries component reflects the action of a temporal adaptation mechanism, while the crispening component describes the action of the instantaneous, purely spatial mechanism most appropriately labeled simultaneous colour contrast. An interesting consequence of this view is that traditional ideas about the general characteristics of simultaneous contrast must be considered as misleading. According to Kirschmann’s 4th law, for instance, the simultaneous contrast effect should increase with increasing saturation of the surround, but crispening predicts the converse. Based on this reasoning, we offer a plausible explanation for the mixed evidence on the validity of Kirschmann’s 4th law. We also argue that simultaneous contrast, the crispening effect, Meyer’s effect and the gamut expansion effect are just different names for the same basic phenomenon.     

碘油与不同栓塞剂组合对子宫肌瘤疗效的影响

目的研究以碘油为主组合不同栓塞剂型治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法36例子宫肌瘤患者,随机分为3组,采用与碘油不同栓塞剂组合,行双侧子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)治疗。Ⅰ组碘油 无水乙醇;Ⅱ组碘油 平阳霉素;Ⅲ组碘油 平阳霉素 无水乙醇 明胶海绵粒。术后随访观察月经恢复情况、瘤体大小、有无并发症发生等。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组UAE治疗后,子宫肌瘤缩小>50%分别为3、4、8例,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ3组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组间并发症发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论碘油与无水乙醇、平阳霉素、明胶海绵粒联合栓塞子宫肌瘤其疗效优于其它组合剂型。     

氧化反应对糖尿病大鼠造影剂肾病发生的影响

目的 :探讨氧化反应对糖尿病大鼠造影剂肾病发生的影响。方法 :建立SD大鼠糖尿病动物模型 ,8w后分 3组 :正常对照组 (SD组 )、糖尿病对照组 (DM组 )和糖尿病 +造影剂组 (CM组 )。其中CM组大鼠经尾静脉一次性注入 76%泛影葡胺 ( 10ml/kg体重 ,3gI(iodine) /10ml) ,DM组注射等量生理盐水。 3d后收集血标本检测血肌酐、血尿素氮 ;取肾脏组织 ,测定肾组织丙二醛 (MDA)与超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的含量。结果 :与正常对照组相比 ,糖尿病组 (DM组 )的MDA含量与SOD活性均明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;糖尿病大鼠注射造影剂 (CM组 ) 3d后MDA含量明显增加 ,SOD活性明显降低 ,与DM组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :糖尿病大鼠造影剂肾病发生时 ,肾脏组织产生过氧化物增多、清除能力下降 ,提示氧化反应对糖尿病造影剂肾病的发生起一定作用     

Quantifying the blood oxygenation level dependent effect in cerebral blood volume-weighted functional MRI at 9.4T.

In cerebral blood volume (CBV)-weighted functional MRI (fMRI) employing superparamagnetic contrast agent, iron dose and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contamination are two important issues for experimental design and CBV quantification. Both BOLD and CBV-weighted fMRI are based upon the susceptibility effect, to which spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences have different sensitivities. In the present study, CBV-weighted fMRI was conducted using spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences at 9.4T by systematically changing the doses of contrast agent. Results suggest that BOLD contamination is a significant component in CBV-weighted fMRI at high field, particularly when relatively low dose of contrast agent is administered. A mathematical model was developed to quantify the extravascular (EV) BOLD effect. With a TE of 35 ms, the EV BOLD effect was estimated to account for 76+/-12% of the observed spin-echo fMRI signal at 9.4T. These data suggest that correcting BOLD effect may be necessary for accurately quantifying activation-induced CBV changes at high field.     

Phase-sensitive cardiac tagging--REALTAG.

Fully inverting spins, instead of merely saturating them, provides superior contrast for tagging procedures. The resulting improvement in tag contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) yields higher-precision tag detection. Also, thinner slices and hence reduced tag separations can be employed, providing displacement and strain measurements with better spatial resolution. Alternatively, the improved tag contrast can be used to obtain cine images covering a greater portion of the cardiac cycle. The use of standard magnitude reconstruction for images of these inversion tags causes rectification of the negative-valued signals from the tags, confounding the image interpretation. Therefore, a phase-sensitive reconstruction scheme of the inverted tags must be employed. Here we demonstrate the implementation of inverted tags with phase-sensitive reconstruction in a ramped-flip-angle, steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence.     

氧化锌乳膏的质量控制

目的 氧化锌乳膏剂进行质量控制.方法 取处方量油相与水相分别置玻璃烧杯中,置水浴加热75℃使其熔化后,在相同温度条件下,两液合并搅拌至凝（约50℃）时加入氧化锌即得乳膏剂,采用络合量法乙二胺四醋酸二钠标准滴定液测定氧化锌的含量.结果 氧化锌乳膏制剂稳定,氧化锌在16%～24%浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）.平均回收率为99.55%,RSD为0.25%（n=9）.结论 本制剂处方工艺设计合理,质量控制方法简便易行.     

对药品市场营销中代理环节监督管理的思考

随着我国药品分销市场的对外放开,传统的批发零售经营方式发生了根本变化,代理配送制将成为医药流通的主要方式.药监工作人员要准确掌握药品分销市场的现状及发展趋势,抓好药品市场营销中代理环节的监督管理.