糖尿病大鼠视网膜微血管的重建及某些药物对其的影响

目的：研究糖尿病大鼠视网膜微血管的重建。方法：用链脲佐菌素（ＳＴＺ）诱导ＳＤ大鼠建立糖尿病动物模型,运用视网膜消化铺片和图像分析方法观测糖尿病大鼠视网膜微血管的重建,及非酶糖化抑制剂和活血化瘀中药对其重建的影响。结果：在８周时毛细血管宽度即有显著性变化（Ｐ〈０．０５）,非酶糖化抑制剂和活血化瘀中药治疗组在８～１２周后与糖尿病组有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：（１）糖尿病促进了视网膜微血管的形态     

C57小鼠出生后视网膜神经上皮层细胞发育中的PCNA表达及其意义

目的　研究C5 7小鼠出生后视网膜的发育和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达及两者间的关系。方法　采用HE染色及免疫组化标记PCNA的方法 ,对出生后第 1天到第 2 1天的C5 7小鼠视网膜神经层的细胞发育作连续性观察。结果　C5 7小鼠出生后 ,视网膜神经层仍然有一个发育过程。神经节细胞层在出生时已经形成 ,外丛状层在出生后第 6天才分化出来 ,而内、外核层细胞形态上接近成熟小鼠 ,分别在出生后第 10天、19天。PCNA显示在外成神经细胞层分化为内、外核层和外丛状层之前 ,和节细胞各有一次和增殖相关的阳性表达。 3个细胞层在形态学的分化基本完成后 ,又出现了一次结束时间是由外向内变化的阳性过程 (外核层 :第 11天至 15天 :内核层 :第 8天至 16天 ,神经节细胞层 :16天到 2 1天 ) ,这一次阳性表达过程可见到细胞形态向成年形态的转化。结论　C5 7小鼠出生后视网膜神经层的发育 ,分为细胞分化和细胞成熟两个阶段 ,分化阶段的细胞分化顺序可能是以细胞的空间位置决定的 ,成熟阶段的顺序可能是按神经传导的方向发展的 ,与细胞的功能相关 ,PCNA的表达和细胞的增殖、分化、成熟在时间、空间上具有相关性。     

地塞米松对犬视网膜超微结构的影响

目的：观察地塞米松对犬视网膜超微结构的影响。方法：取犬4只,右眼玻璃体和房水内注射盐水(为盐水组),左眼玻璃体和房水内注射地塞米松(为激素组),24h后处死,电镜观察视网膜超微结构有无改变,并与对照组进行比较。结果：盐水组和激素组与对照组比较视网膜超微结构无改变。结论：地塞米松对犬视网膜超微结构无影响。,Objective:To observe the influence of dexamethasone on dog＇s retina ul-trastructure. Methods:We injected normal saline into the vitreous body and aqueous humor ofthe right eyes while injecting dexamethasone into the left eyes in four dogs. After 24 hours, wekilled the dogs to observe ff their retina ultrastructure had altered, and compared with the re-sults of the control group. Results :In comparision with the control group,there was any changein retina ultrastructure in neither the normal saline group nor the hormone group. Conclusion:Dexamethasone has no influence on the retina uitrastructure of dogs.     

视网膜无长突细胞5—HT免疫组织化学研究

用免疫,组织化学ＡＢＣ法研究了５－ＨＴ免疫阳性反应在牛蛙视网膜细胞中的分布。结果人核层内一些无长突细胞及内网层呈阳性反应。根据阳性胞体在内核层的部位和胞体的突起在内网层的分布,鉴别出６种无长突业刑。提示无长突细胞可能在５－ＨＴ信号的传递和调控过程中发挥着重要作用。     

Intravenous Infusion of RMP-7 Increases Ocular Uptake of Ganciclovir

Purpose. The ability of intravenous (i.v.) infusions of the bradykinin agonist, RMP-7, to permeabilize the blood-ocular barriers (BOB) to the antiviral agent ganciclovir was investigated in guinea-pigs. Methods. Different i.v. dosing regimens included pre-treatment with RMP-7 (0.2 g/kg/min for 5 min) followed by either [³H]-ganciclovir (1 Ci/0.2 ml/min) alone, and/or co-infusion with RMP-7 and [³H]-ganciclovir. At specific times the animals were sacrificed, their eyes removed, and the retina and lens epithelium dissected and analyzed for the amount of radioactivity. Results. Using the ratio of tissue vs. integrated plasma radioactivity concentration, a two-fold increase in ganciclovir steady-state levels were observed in the retina as well as lens epithelium following RMP-7 pretreatment. Peak uptake effects were achieved with a 4.5 min ganciclovir infusion. Neither longer infusions of ganciclovir alone, nor co-infusions of RMP-7 and ganciclovir further enhanced the uptake effects. Kinetic analysis indicated that RMP-7 increased the rate of ganciclovir entry (K _IN) in studied ocular tissues, while the efflux of drug (K _OUT) was not affected by this treatment. Finally, ganciclovir retina:plasma ratios elevated by RMP-7 pre-treatment, remained higher than control ratios within 60 min following cessation of 4.5 min ganciclovir infusion. Conclusions. These data offer further evidence that BOB and in particular the blood-retinal barrier can be permeabilized via bradykinin receptor stimulation. As the i.v. infusions of RMP-7 enhanced the retinal uptake of ganciclovir, it is suggested that a combination of RMP-7 and ganciclovir may provide a novel approach for treating cytomegalo-virus retinis.     

高血压大鼠视网膜组织Ca2+-ATP酶组织化学及卡托普利终身治疗的观察

目的探讨高血压视网膜病变的发病机制及卡托普利防治高血压视网膜病的治疗机制. 方法 应用光镜定量酶组织化学方法对正常京都种大鼠(正常组),自发性高血压大鼠(高血压组)和卡托普利终身用药治疗的自发性高血压大鼠(用药组)的视网膜组织的Ca2+-ATP酶的分布和活性进行定量观察. 结果 Ca2+-ATP酶在正常组大鼠视网膜组织中主要分布在杆锥细胞层内节、外核层和节细胞神经纤维层,上述三层Ca2+-ATP酶活性(U/μm2)分别为0.662±0.014, 0.665±0.018和0.525±0.021,在高血压组大鼠视网膜组织中,各层Ca2+-ATP酶活性下降,三层Ca2+-ATP酶活性分别为0.610±0.017, 0.598±0.014和0.481±0.010;在用药组大鼠视网膜组织中,Ca2+-ATP酶活性较高血压组增强,三层Ca2+-ATP酶活性分别为0.650±0.016, 0.650±0.014, 0.519±0.022.结论 Ca2+-ATP酶活性下降,细胞内液Ca2+浓度增加是高血压视网膜病变的原因之一;卡托普利防治高血压视网膜病的机制与增强Ca2+-ATP酶和降低细胞内Ca2+浓度有关.     

牛视网膜提取物对人-鼠杂合细胞抗体产生的影响

目的：探讨牛视网膜提取物对人－鼠杂合细胞抗体产生的影响。方法：在ＰＲＭＩ１６４０完全培养基（ＣＭ）中加入２０ｍｇ／Ｌ牛视网膜提取蛋白,配成牛视网膜培养基（ＢＲＥＭ）。用ＭＴＴ测定、细胞克隆技术、夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法和染色体分析,比较人－鼠杂合细胞Ｇ１２在两种培养条件下的细胞活力、克隆效率、人ＩｇＭ分泌和人染色体阳性细胞比率之间的差异。结果：用ＢＲＥＭ培养的Ｇ１２细胞活力高于用ＣＭ培养（Ｐ＜００５）。用ＢＲＥＭ培养的Ｇ１２细胞克隆中分泌人ＩｇＭ者占１２／２４,用ＣＭ培养的克隆只占２／４７。Ｇ１２细胞传代培养３个月后,用ＢＲＥＭ培养的上清人ＩｇＭ水平Ａ４９０为０３３５±００５０,用ＣＭ培养的上清为００７０±００２７（Ｐ＜００５）。前者含人染色体阳性的细胞为２０％,后者２５％,两者间没有差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：添加牛视网膜提取物的培养基可以提高人－鼠杂合细胞的活力和人ＩｇＭ抗体的分泌能力。维持人源性ＩｇＭ持续分泌的条件不仅取决于杂合细胞中人染色体的存在和稳定,还有其它未知因素在起作用,牛视网提取蛋白可以提供这方面的需要。     

Pentose shunt activity in developing chick retina and pigment epithelium: A switch in biochemical expression in cultured pigment epithelial cells

Pentose shunt activity in developing chick retina and pigment epithelium was studied by measuring the rate of ¹⁴CO₂ evolution from glucose selectively labelled in the C-1 and C-6 positions. In the retina, shunt activity declines from appreciable levels at stages 29–31 to minimal activity in the 2-week-old hatched chick. Overall retinal metabolism also declines up to stage 45, but dramatically increases again after hatching. Developing chick pigment epithelium has minimal shunt activity at all stages studied. In contrast, cultured chick pigment epithelium has appreciable shunt activity which is constant over a period of several weeks in culture. This appears to be a switch in biochemical differentiation which could form the basis at least in part for subsequent changes in cell types observed in cultured pigment epithelial cells byEguchi and Okada (1973).     

Comparison of cyclic nucleotide and energy metabolism of intact mouse retina in situ and in vitro.

Whole mouse retina in situ contains approximately 1 μm adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and about fivefold higher levels of guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP). Light-adapted retinas have only half as much of both cyclic nucleotides as dark-adapted retinas.Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels are modified substantially when retinas are removed from the eye and incubated in physiologic buffers. Cyclic GMP levels increase in light- and dark-adapted retinas, but a differential concentration is always maintained, and after a few minutes of incubation it is even greater than that in in situ retinas. In contrast, the difference between cyclic AMP levels obvious in in situ light- and dark-adapted retinas is obscured during the initial minutes of incubation by a transient rise of cyclic AMP in light-adapted retinas, but then becomes apparent again when cyclic AMP levels fall after about 15 min of incubation. Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels decrease rapidly when isolated dark-adapted retinas, in vitro, are exposed to light and the decrease is a function of light intensity. In contrast, cyclic GMP but not cyclic AMP levels increase when light-adapted retinas, in vitro, are placed in darkness.Ischemia causes a marked reduction of ATP and P-creatine levels and elevates cyclic AMP levels in light- and dark-adapted retinas, in situ. Ischemia depresses cyclic GMP levels in dark-adapted retinas, in situ, but has no effect in light-adapted retinas. In incubated retinas, oxygen deprivation produced by NaCN also decreases energy reserves; however, its effect on cyclic AMP is qualitatively similar to that in vivo only after 15 min of incubation. NaCN has little or no effect on cyclic GMP levels in isolated retinas.These data indicate that cyclic nucleotide regulation in intact, incubated retina has many similarities to that of retina, in vivo, and suggest that with due precautions retina maintained, in vitro, is a valid and useful experimental model system for biochemical and biophysical investigations.     

Visual performance in the rhesus monkey after exposure to blue light.

Rhesus monkeys trained to perform a visual task (Landolt ring discrimination) were exposed for 1000 sec to known amounts of 441 nm light by means of a 2500 W xenon lamp with narrow bandpass filter. Radiant exposures to the macula of 30 J/cm² did not impair vision, but 60 J/cm² produced a transient loss of 20/20 vision which lasted from 20 to 30 days. A radiant exposure of 90 J/cm² produced a permanent loss of 20/20 vision. These results, in addition to explaining solar retinitis and eclipse blindness, correlate well with the retinal photopathology of the short wavelength photochemical lesion.