冠状动脉CT和MR血管成像诊断粥样硬化斑块和狭窄的对比研究

目的 探讨不同成分的斑块对管腔狭窄的影响以及CT和MR血管成像（CTA、MRA）诊断不同成分斑块所致狭窄的准确性。方法 30例冠心病患者在2周内行冠状动脉CTA、MRA和冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查。CTA采用16层螺旋CT，MRA采用屏气三维快速稳态平衡进动（FIESTA）技术。CTA上将斑块分为非钙化和钙化斑块，由2名有经验的放射科医师双盲评价这2种斑块在CTA和MRA上引起的显著性狭窄（≥50％）。以CAG为标准，评价CTA和MRA诊断显著性狭窄的准确性和一致性。结果 30例冠心病患者CTA共发现53个斑块，其中有28个非钙化斑块和25个钙化斑块。28个非钙化斑块中，CAG显示非显著性狭窄（〈50％）7个，显著性狭窄（≥50％）21个。CTA和MRA诊断非钙化斑块显著性狭窄的敏感性和特异性分别为85．7％、85．7％和47．6％、71．4％。CTA与CAG一致性好（Kappa值为0．65）。25个钙化斑块中，CAG显示非显著性狭窄19个，显著性狭窄6个。CTA和MRA诊断钙化斑块显著性狭窄的敏感性和特异性分别为83．3％、31．6％和83．3％、73．7％，MRA与CAG一致性较好（Kappa值为0．46）。非钙化和钙化斑块在CAG上发生显著性狭窄的概率有统计学意义（X^2=11．78，P〈0．01）。结论 非钙化斑块和以非钙化成分为主的混合斑块是导致显著性狭窄的主要原因。完全钙化的斑块不引起或仅引起〈50％的狭窄。CTA诊断非钙化斑块引起的显著性狭窄有很好的准确性，而MRA评价严重钙化斑块引起的管腔变化有明显优势。     

冠心病患者肱动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的超声检测

目的 利用高频超声评价冠心病（CAD）患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）及其临床意义。方法 对113例连续冠脉造影（CAG）受检者术前行高频超声检查肱动脉EDD，并对两种检查结果进行相关性分析。结果 冠脉狭窄组、急性心肌梗死（AMI）组肱动脉EDD明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；AMI组EDD显著低于心肌缺血组（P〈0．01）。结论CAD患者的EDD明显降低。     

Coronary endarterectomy on beating heart: Our experience

Introduction Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) associated with Endarterectomy is a high risk procedure. After the first report of coronary endarterectomy by Bailey et al in 1951, the preference for this surgical procedure was decreased due to increased morbidity and mortality In patients with total or subtotal large coronary artery obstructions in which there is no possibility to receive a conduit as graft for myocardial revascularisation, endarterectomy remains the procedure of choice. This study was designed to study early and midterm results of off pump coronary artery endarterectomy. Methods Of 172 Consecutive Off Pump CABG done at our institution from Jan 2003 to July 2005, 22 patients underwent supplementary coronary endarterectomy. 16 patients had chronic stable angina 4 had unstable angina two required emergency CABG with endarterectomy following perioperative infarction. The mean ejection fraction was 29.2±4.3 and all of the patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) III or IV. All patients were planned for complete total arterial revascularisation using Left Internal Mammary Artery (LIMA). Right Internal Mammary Artery (RIMA), Radial composite “Y” graft, Two patients operated for periop infarct received vein graft. In 16 patients closed endarterectomy was done in five patients double endarterectomy in single vessel was done to chase the plaque distally, in one patient open left anterior descending (LAD) endarterectomy with vein patch reconstruction was performed. Results There were no deaths. None of the procedures were converted to on pump operation. All endarterectomies and bypasses were performed on Beating Heart, all patients were completely revascularised. Peri operative cardiac enzymes studied showed no significant rise in the Creatinine Phoshpokinase (CPK)-Creatinine Phosphokinase myocardial Band (CPK-MB). The mean postoperative Ejection Fraction (EF) was 36.7%±7.2% which was significantly higher than the Preoperative one (p<.05). At the end of four months to one and half year 22 patients were in NYHA class I to II and all were angina free in canadian cardiovascular society class.f Conclusions Coronary End Arterectomy without cardiopulmonary bypass can be performed in patients who are expected to benefit from complete revascularisation. It can be performed with closed as well as open method. However to achieve complete endarterectomy by closed technique in some patients it is essential to chase the plaque. Early and mid term results are encouraging.     

国产COSTANT冠状动脉支架治疗重症冠心病的远期疗效观察

目的评价国产COSTANT冠脉支架治疗重症冠心病的安全性和远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2001-03～2003-08沈阳军区总医院和广州省人民医院2个心脏中心应用COSTANT冠脉支架治疗71例重症冠心病者即刻疗效和2年随访结果。结果共置入COSTANT支架86枚，其他支架58枚，手术成功率均为100％。院内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）共3例（其中死亡2例、1例支架内发生亚急性血栓）。69例失访6例（随访率91．3％），63例随访21～26个月中4例死亡，21例行冠脉造影复查（占30．4％），8例发生再狭窄（RS）（COSTANT支架4例，其他支架3例，1例COSTANT和其他支架均RS并死亡），5例出现新生病变。COSTANT支架RS率为7．9％（5／63）、MACE发生率12．7％（8／63）。结论2年的长期随访结果表明国产COSTANT冠状动脉支架可安全用于重症冠心病介入治疗，且长期疗效较好。     

冠状动脉旁路移植手术67例

目的报告2002年4月至2004年12月67例冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG).方法男性58例,女性9例,年龄41～76岁,平均58.5岁.合并二尖瓣病变同期手术3例,3支血管病变39例,2支血管病变28例.采取体外循环下手术(on-pump-CABG)和非体外循环下手术(off-pump-CABG)两种方式,各有其适应指征.结果全组死亡1例,其余治愈出院,随诊1～18个月,心绞痛消失,疗效满意.结论冠状动脉旁路移植手术安全,有很好的发展前景.     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术的安全性观察

目的探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉(冠脉)造影术的特点及安全性。方法200例患者接受经桡动脉径路行冠脉造影术。结果196例成功,4例失败,其中3例桡动脉迂曲畸形导丝不能通过,1例为锁骨下动脉闭塞。所有患者无严重的并发症出现。结论桡动脉径路行冠状动脉造影具有止血容易,患者卧床时间短和并发症少的优点,是一种安全、有效的介入途径。     

2 121例老年急性冠脉综合征患者血清脂类浓度的分析

目的分析60岁以上老年人血清脂类水平的参考值,并探讨急性冠脉综合征与血脂指标的相关性.方法将3 766例健康成人分为≤60岁和＞60岁的两个年龄段,采用生物化学的方法测量他们的血脂水平,找出60岁以上老年人的脂类参考值.同时分析2 121例老年急性冠脉综合征病人的脂类指标.结果 60岁以上老年人血脂参考值为:TC 4.65±1.96×1.05mmol/L;TG 1.02±1.96×0.45mmol/L;HDL-C 1.47±1.96×0.40mmol/L;LDL-C 2.98±1.96×0.56mmol/L;ApoA1 1.32±1.96×0.25g/L;ApoB 0.99±1.96×0.35g/L,并且急性心肌梗死和不稳定性心绞痛病人血清脂类各项指标之间没有显著性差异.结论血清LDL-C/HDL-C＞5和TG ≥1.9mmol/L这两项联合指标比其他单独指标与老年人急性冠脉综合征关系更密切.     

Preventing heart disease: is treating the high risk sufficient?

Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess the effects of several intervention strategies on coronary heart disease mortality rates in a Finnish and a North American cohort. Lowering total serum cholesterol by 4%, smoking by 15%, and diastolic blood pressure by 3% for the whole cohort would be expected to reduce the incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction by at least 13% and coronary heart disease deaths by at least 18%. Lowering serum cholesterol by 34%, diastolic blood pressure to 90 mmHg, and reducing smoking by 20% in the subset of the population with all three risk factors in the highest quartile would result in a 6-8% reduction in non-fatal myocardial infarction and a 2-9% reduction in deaths from coronary heart disease in these cohorts. These data demonstrate that in populations with a relatively high incidence of heart disease, treating the entire population will produce larger effects than focusing only on high-risk populations.     

冠状动脉造影正常的急性心肌梗死患者的临床特点

目的：探讨冠状动脉造影（CAG）正常的急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的发生机制及临床特点。方法：分析2000年6月至2001年10月86例AMI患者的CAG结果及冠心病相关危险因素。结果：86例中CAG正常者8例，年龄（39＋11．4）（25－52）岁；多无心绞痛史、高血压史、糖尿病史、血脂异常史及家族史；以情绪波动、精神压抑、大量吸烟、饮酒史者居多。结论：冠状动脉痉挛、血栓自溶或溶栓治疗后血栓消失是其主要发生机制；冠状动脉正常的AMI患者其貌似正常，实属高危人群，应高度重视。     

X综合征的临床诊断与分析

目的；探讨临床医师对X综合征的临床诊断水平并了解其发病机制；方法：对186例有胸痛的女性患者（平均年龄53.2岁）通过运动试验，左室功能及冠状动脉造影来评估X综合征患者冠脉微循环功能及发病机制；结果：186例中86人（46％）冠脉造影阴性，运动试验阳性，左室功能无明显失调；结论：X综合征多见于女性，X综合征可能是由于冠脉微血管功能异常所致。