Body composition in the elderly: Total body water and anthropometry

Body composition measured with isotopic dilution was compared with anthropometric measurements. The study was carried out in 47 subjects from both sexes, 65 to 92 years old. Total body water (TBW), anthropometric measurements, and dynamometry were assessed. TBW was significatively higher in men than women and decreased with age. Dynamometry and fatfree mass were well correlated (r=0.73 in males and r=0.58 in females) and significantly different between sexes. A negative correlation was found for dynamometry with age, being significant for women. Linear regression equations to predict TBW from anthropometric measurements in males and females were obtained: Males: TBW(I)=19.349+0.617 weight(kg) — 0.931 mid-arm circumference(cm)+0.122 dynamometry (kg) Females: TBW(l)=−5.531+0.343 weight(kg)-0.213 triceps skinfold (mm)+ 0.148 dynamometry(kg) + 3.424 wrist diameter (cm). This simple model is proposed for use in epidemiological and field studies where other more sophisticated methods can not be applied.     

错畸形患者的Howes值测量分析

目的:本研究采用Howes法评估牙弓骨量与牙量的协调性,探讨其在正畸临床诊断与矫治设计确定拔牙与非拔牙中的应用价值。方法:选取第四军医大学口腔医学院正畸门诊患者80人,男、女拔牙与非拔牙各20例。测量牙量(TM)、双尖牙弓宽径(PMD)、双尖牙根尖基骨宽径(PMBAW)、基骨弓长度(BAL),并计算PMD/TM、PMBAW/TM、BAL/TM值,对其进行统计学处理与分析。结果:男女两组比较TM、PMD、PMBAW、BAL值有显著性差异,男性大于女性;但PMD/TM、PMBAW/TM、BAL/TM值无统计学意义;拔牙组与非拔牙组比较,PMD/TM、PMBAW/TM、BAL/TM值有显著性差异。结论:采用Howes法评估牙弓骨量与牙量对正畸临床的诊断和拔牙与非拔牙矫治设计有一定的指导意义。     

超声心动图定量犬冬眠心肌的方法学研究

目的:建立经胸小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图激发试验(Dobu-UCG)评价犬冬眠心肌定量的方法学。材料和方法:成功建立冬眠心肌犬7条3～6个月后进行DoBu-UCG试验,测量Dobu-UCG后的心肌梗死区运动幅度(wall motion amplitude of area with myocardium infarction,MMI)和非梗死区心内膜运动幅度(wall mo-tion amplititude of areas with non myocardium infarction,MNMI)的比值(MMI/MNMI),以及试验后MMI/MNMI与试验前MMI/MNMI的差值(D值);并与实验后测量组织切片的冬眠心肌面积(the area oftotal alive myocardium,ATAM)和梗死区总面积(the area of total infarction myocardium,ATIM)的比值(ATAM/ATIM)进行比较。结果:Dobu-UCG激发试验后MMI/MNMI比值、D值分别与ATAM/ATIM进行对比分析,显示两者均高度相关(r=0.83～0.90,P分别为<0.05和<0.001)。结论:测量Dobu-UCG激发试验后MMI/MNMI比值,以及试验后、前MMI/MNMI差值(D)是定量梗死区内冬眠心肌的较好方法。     

术中输注氨基酸对硬膜外阻滞复合全麻开胸手术患者围术期体温的影响

目的评价术中输注氨基酸对硬膜外阻滞复合全麻食管癌和贲门癌手术患者围术期深部体温和代谢的影响。方法择期食管癌和贲门癌手术患者21例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组(n =7):从麻醉诱导开始至手术结束,分别静脉输注氨基酸混合液240kJ·h-1(AA组)、等容量乳酸钠林格氏液(LR组)、葡萄糖溶液240kJ·h-1(GLU组)。麻醉诱导前至术后2h每5分钟测定鼓膜温度,于麻醉诱导前即刻、手术开始后1h和术后1h检测指尖血糖,采用4分表法评价术后2h内寒战的发生情况,采用间接测热仪测定术前与术后氧耗。结果与麻醉诱导前即刻比较,术后30min LR组和GLU组氧耗降低,AA组氧耗升高(P<0.01),术后2h LR组、GLU组鼓膜温度降低(P<0.05),AA组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与LR组和GLU组比较,AA组术后2h内寒战发生例数减少(P< 0.05),术后30min氧耗增多(P<0.05),LR组与GLU组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论硬膜外阻滞复合全麻开胸手术患者术中静脉输注氨基酸可通过提高基础代谢率,缓解围术期深部体温降低,减少术后寒战发生,而输注葡萄糖不产生此效应。     

“津血同源”“肾为唾”的研究

以23例肾功能不全与20例肾功正常患者的唾液尿素氮、钠、钾、舌面pH值和血液的相应生化检查作对照。结果唾液尿素氮、钾与血尿素氮、钾成正相关性。证实了中医“津血同源”“肾为唾”的理论。     

胰腺癌病人肠道通透性改变及其与机体组成的关系

目的:观察胰腺癌病人肠道通透性与机体组成的改变,并初步探讨两者间的关系.方法:以前瞻、随机和对照的方法,选取确诊胰腺癌首次入院的病人及健康志愿者各15例,作为试验组和对照组,测定尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)比值、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和机体组成成分,并对试验组的肠道通透性L/M比值与血清TNF-α水平、机体组成之间的相关性进行分析.结果:①试验组尿L/M比值为0.331±0.343显著高于对照组0.129±0.136(P《0.05);血清TNF-α水平显著高于对照组(P《0.05).②试验组肌肉群重量显著低于对照组(P《0.05)、蛋白质重量极显著低于对照组(P《0.01)、而脂肪、水分、无机盐重量略轻于对照组,两组间差异无显著性意义.③试验组尿L/M比值与血清TNF-α水平呈极显著性正相关(P《0.01);尿L/M比值与蛋白质、脂肪呈极显著性负相关(P《0.01),与水分呈极显著性正相关(P《0.01);而试验组血清TNF-α浓度与蛋白质、脂肪呈极显著性负相关(P《0.01)、与水分呈极显著性正相关(P《0.01).结论:胰腺癌病人肠道的通透性增加,机体组成有显著改变,两者间密切相关.这可能与血清TNF-α水平的升高有关.     

Muscle cross-section measurement by magnetic resonance imaging

Summary Muscle cross-section areas were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the thigh of a human cadaver,. the results being compared with those obtained by photography of corresponding anatomic macroslices. A close correlation was found between MRI and photographic evaluation, differences between the methods ranging from nil to 9.5%, depending on the scan position and the muscle groups. In vivo MRI measurements were performed on 12 female and 16 male students, the objectivity, the test-retest reliability and the variability of the MRI measurements being studied by fixing the scan position either manually or by coronary scan. The latter method appeared to be more objective and reliable. The coefficients of variation for muscle cross-section areas measured by MRI were in the range of those for the planimetry of given cross-section areas. Allowing for differentiation between several small muscle bundles in a given area, MRI proved to be a suitable method to quantify muscle cross-sections for intra- and interindividual analysis of muscle size.     

动脉顺应性及其影响因素

动脉顺应性又称动脉弹性，反映血管内皮功能。已成为预测心血管疾病的重要危险因素。无创测量动脉弹性的方法在临床上已有一定程度的应用。各种方法具有其各自适用范围及局限性。多种干预手段可以影响动脉弹性。合理测量及维持正常的动脉弹性可延缓多种心血管疾病的发生及发展。     

CVI-Q检测颈动脉血流量的临床应用价值

目的 :用彩色速度显像定量 (CVI Q)技术测定颈动脉血流量并给出青年组正常参考值。方法 :应用传统的多普勒法及CVI Q法对正常 5 0名在校四年级大学生进行左、右颈总动脉血流量的测定比较。结果 :单侧颈总动脉血流量传统法测定为 (789.49± 15 3 .40 )ml·min-1,CVI Q法为 (3 92 .85± 63 .95 )ml·min-1,两者有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,男女之间、左右之间无明显差异 ,S/D、RI和PI 3组数据两两之间亦无显著性差异。结论 :CVI Q是一种实用、无创、简便、可靠的测量方法 ,具有良好的临床应用价值