双色谱柱双FID顶空气相色谱法测量乙醇 浓度的一致性评价

目的 研究双色谱柱双FID检测器顶空气相色谱法（双柱双检法）测量乙醇浓度的一致性,探讨不同一致性评价方法应用价值,为司法鉴定中涉嫌“醉驾”案件准确检测乙醇浓度提供理论依据。方法 配置浓度为80mg/100ml 乙醇溶液和4mg/100ml叔丁醇的混合样。使用自动进样器进样,然后用配备色谱柱和双FIDs的HS-GC分别分析样品。共进行了20次试验,分别计算FID-1和FID-2组的乙醇浓度。采用配对 t 检验、Pearson相关分析、组内相关系数、Bland- Altman 法、ATE/LER区域法等,对两组乙醇检测结果进行一致性评价。结果 FID-1组乙醇浓度为（79.57±1.65） mg/100ml,RSD为2.07%;FID-2组为（81.42±1.33） mg/100 ml,RSD为1.63%。配对 t 检验: t =-7.69（ P <0.001）;Pearson相关系数: r =0.757（ P <0.001）;组内相关系数: ICC =0.739（ P <0.001）;Bland-Altman 法显示,95%的点均落在一致性限内;ATE/LER区域法显示,100%点落在ATE区域,无点落在LER区域。结论 推荐联合使用Bland- Altman图分析法、ATE/LER区域法和组内相关系数作为双柱双检法检测样本中乙醇浓度的一致性评价方法。 双柱双检法测量乙醇浓度的一致性良好。但还应结合测量不确定度等方面对FID-1、FID-2的结果进一步研究。     

Dietary Intakes of Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder During a 4-Week Protocol on an Inpatient Treatment Unit Found to Meet Dietary Reference Intakes for Macronutrients,but Have Variability in Energy Balance and Adequacy of Micronutrient Intake

BackgroundDespite literature supporting the importance of diet during rehabilitation, minimal research quantifies dietary intake during treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD).ObjectiveThe aim was to quantify dietary intake and energy balance of patients with AUD during inpatient treatment.DesignThis was a secondary analysis of data from a 4-week observational protocol. Participants self-selected food from a room service menu. Dietary intake was recorded by patients and reviewed by nutrition staff. To quantify nutrient and food group intake, data were coded into Nutrition Data Systems for Research software, versions 2016 and 2017. Daily average intake was calculated for all dietary variables.Participants/settingParticipants (n = 22) were adults seeking treatment for AUD at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (Bethesda, MD) between September 2016 and September 2017 and who were enrolled in a study examining the microbiome during AUD rehabilitation. Four participants discontinued protocol participation before study week 4 and were not included in analyses examining change over time.Main outcome measuresWeight change, daily energy, and macronutrient and select micronutrient intakes were the main outcome measures included.Statistical analyses performedMean differences in intake and weight were assessed using nonparametric tests.ResultsSixty-four percent of participants were male; mean ± SD age was 46.3 ± 13.0 years, mean ± SD body mass index (calculated as kg/m²) was 23.9 ± 2.5, and mean intake was 2,665 kcal/d (consisting of 45.9% carbohydrate, 34.9% fat, and 19.1% protein). Eighty percent or more of this sample met the Estimated Average Requirement for 10 of 16 micronutrients assessed. Male participants consumed more energy than estimated needs (P = .003) and gained a mean ± SD of 2.67 ± 1.84 kg (P = .006) when an outlier with weight loss and acute pancreatitis was removed from analysis. Female participants did not gain weight or consume more than estimated energy needs.ConclusionsOverall macronutrient intake was within recommended ranges, but intake of other dietary components and weight gain were variable, supporting the need for individualized nutrition care during AUD treatment.     

急性肺水肿不同湿化剂吸氧疗效的实验研究

目的通过对急性肺水肿不同湿化剂吸氧疗效的动物实验,筛选一种合适的湿化剂.方法复制急性肺水肿的动物模型,给予蒸馏水及不同浓度的乙醇、丁醇湿化吸氧,观察吸氧前后PaO2变化及支气管肺泡灌注液(BALF)中SOD及血浆NO变化情况.结果各组PaO2在吸氧后明显增高,尤以15%、25%乙醇组增高显著(P均<0.01),肺系数显著低于未吸氧组(P<0.01);15%乙醇组BALF中SOD显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),血浆NO在吸氧后亦明显升高,但与其它各组无显著性差异.结论①低浓度乙醇(15%～25%)为最佳湿化剂浓度,丁醇不适合作湿化剂;②不同湿化剂对肺水肿吸氧疗效的影响除与其消泡作用有关外,尚与水肿液成份及其它因素有关.     

Cirugía bariátrica y trastorno por abuso de alcohol y otras sustancias: una revisión sistemática

IntroductionBariatric surgery is a relatively safe surgical procedure with a high success rate. However, recent reports indicate a higher prevalence of alcohol or substance abuse disorder in this patient group. The purpose of this study was to review the related evidence to serve as a reference for multidisciplinary teams who treat these patients.MethodsWe searched the PubMed and CENTRAL databases. The odds ratios were extracted from the different articles, comparing the prevalence of the abuse of alcohol or other substances in the postoperative period versus preoperative levels. We also compared the prevalence of alcohol use disorder after different types of bariatric surgery.ResultsA total of 49 121 bariatric patients (80.8% female) were evaluated for alcohol use disorder. In general, bariatric surgery was found to be associated with an increase in the prevalence of alcohol abuse (4.58±5.3 vs. 1.58±10.7% in the preoperative period). We also found that the population of patients who underwent RYGB procedures had a higher prevalence of alcohol use disorder than patients who underwent another type of surgery (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.51-2.21). The prevalence of substance abuse disorder (other than alcohol) after this procedure is less studied, although there appears to be an increased risk of abuse of certain substances.ConclusionsBariatric surgery is the best treatment for obesity and its complications. The evidence reviewed suggests that it correlates with a modest but consistent increase in the prevalence of abuse of alcohol and other substances. Medical teams who treat bariatric patients must be informed about this eventuality for its timely prevention, diagnosis and treatment.     

黄芩苷标准品制备方法研究

采用醇提酸沉法提取黄芩苷粗品 ,再用分步精制的方法来制备黄芩苷标准品 ,所得标准品的熔点、含量与对照标准品一致。提示 :本法是制备黄芩苷标准品简便可行、收率高的方法     

Effect of ethanol on dynamic visual acuity during vertical body oscillation in healthy volunteers

Visual orientation is the most important sensory input during locomotion (e.g. walking, driving a car, riding a bicycle). We investigated dynamic visual acuity (DVA) during vertical body-oscillations (amplitude 5 cm; frequency 1.5 Hz) in 12 healthy subjects before and twice after ethanol consumption. During oscillation, vertical eye movements were recorded under two test conditions: with eyes closed (EC) and during DVA testing. A significant increase in vertical eye-amplitude after ethanol ingestion occurred only during EC tests, as a possible sign of vestibular hyperreaction. During vestibular stimulation alone (EC), ethanol did not affect the phase shift between stimulus and eye movements. However, when the subjects were given an additional visual stimulus (DVA), the post-alcohol phase shift rose significantly. Surprisingly, the post-alcohol phase shift values for the two test conditions showed no significant differences. After ethanol ingestion we found no changes in static visual acuity but a significant loss of DVA. Volunteers with a change of DVA threshold (DVAT) showed significantly (P = 0.004) higher post-alcoholic changes in the phase shift. In summary, low doses of ethanol disturbed the visually guided oculomotor response during fixation of an earth-fixed target while the observer was subject to linear vertical acceleration. This effect led to an increasing delay between the beginning of body and eye movements. The consequence was an increasing phase shift and thus a decrease in DVA during whole-body oscillation which was comparable to movements during human locomotion. Received: 8 March 2000 / Accepted: 18 April 2000     

Heparin-induced extracorporal low-density-lipoprotein precipitation (H. E. L. P.) to improve the recovery of hearing in patients with sudden idiopathic hearing loss

The pathogenesis of sudden hearing loss (SHL) is still not well understood. Possible causes include increased blood viscosity, microthrombosis or altered blood flow. Hypercholesterolemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and increased platelet aggregation are frequently observed in patients with SHL. The aim of this study was to investigate whether drastic lowering of plasma cholesterol and fibrinogen by selective extracorporal apheresis could have a beneficial effect on hearing recovery in these patients. Seven patients with SHL were treated with an extracorporal procedure removing fibrinogen and cholesterol from plasma. Six of the seven patients showed an immediate improvement in auditory thresholds following a single treatment of heparin-induced low-density lipoprotein precipitation. These findings indicate for the first time that acute and drastic removal of plasma fibrinogen and low-density lipoproteins may be an effective clinical method for the treatment of patients with SHL. Received: 19 February 1999 / Accepted: 6 May 1999     

LDL-C直接测定法在生化分析仪上的应用

用日本第一化学药品株式会社LDL—C试剂盒在BeckmanCX4型自动生化分析仪上直接测定血清LDL—C含量。方法批内CV 0 37%～ 1 11% ,批间CV为 2 11%～ 3 0 2 % (n =2 0 )。平均回收率为 98 9% ,在 8 10mmol/L浓度范围内呈良好线性关系。TG <5 0 0mmol/L时与聚乙烯硫酸沉淀法 (X1)及Friedewald(X2 )公式计算结果相关良好 ,回归方程分别为Y =0 988X1+0 0 47,r=0 95 1,Y =0 96 1X2 +0 0 5 2 ,r=0 930。LDL—C直接测定法简单、快速 ,用血量少 ,勿需沉淀分离 ,适宜于自动化分析。     

Diazepam prevents progression of kindled alcohol withdrawal behaviour

The purpose of the present experiment was to study the kindling hypothesis of alcohol withdrawal stating that exposure to repeated episodes of alcohol withdrawal results in an increased severity of subsequent withdrawal reactions. Two groups of male Wistar rats were subjected to 13 episodes of 2 days severe alcohol intoxication and 5 days alcohol withdrawal. Animals in the control group (n=80) developed clinical withdrawal signs following each intoxication episode. In the diazepam group (n=80) the withdrawal reactions during episodes 1–9 were blocked by intraperitoneal diazepam administration (0–30 mg/kg) 8, 11 and 15 h into withdrawal. During episode 10–13 diazepam treatment was terminated and convulsive withdrawal behaviour was observed 9–15 h after last alcohol dose. The probability of seizure activity during these four withdrawal episodes was calculated as 0.239 and 0.066 in the control and the diazepam groups, respectively. Based on Monte Carlo simulation techniques, this difference was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). No differences in the non-convulsive alcohol withdrawal symptoms tremor, hyperactivity and rigidity were detected between controls and diazepam animals after diazepam treatment. It was concluded that the increased convulsive behaviour in the control group was caused by cumulated kindling-like cerebral alterations during the previous repeated alcohol withdrawal phases.     

A dose-response study of the effects of alcohol on the perceptions of pain and discomfort due to electric shock in men at high familial-genetic risk for alcoholism

Alcoholics have previously been found to be more sensitive to painful stimulation than controls, and more sensitive to the pain-reducing effects of alcohol. The present study was designed to examine these effects in men at high familial-genetic risk for alcoholism and controls. Subjects were assigned to one of four alcohol doses [0.135 (active placebo), 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00 ml 95% USP alcohol/kg body weight]. Ratings of the amount of discomfort and pain experienced during an aversive shock procedure were taken immediately post-shock, both while subjects were sober and after they had consumed one of the four alcohol doses. High risk men were found to rate the experience of the shock as more uncomfortable and painful overall than the low risk controls. Pharmacologically significant levels of alcohol were found to reduce or eliminate these group differences, suggesting that alcohol has a normalizing effect on pain and discomfort perceptions in high risk men. Only the higher doses of alcohol were found significantly to dampen subjects' shock rating scores. High risk males' increased sensitivity to pain and discomfort, combined with the negatively reinforcing effects of reducing these perceptions at moderate to high alcohol doses, may play a role in predisposing high risk males for the development of alcoholism.