The effects of restricted food access upon locomotor activity in rats with suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions

The purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of rats with suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) lesions to anticipate restricted food access (RFA). The sham operated controls demonstrated entrainment of locomotor activity to a LD 12:12 cycle with ad libitum food and water, while the lesioned animals were arrhythmic in their running behavior. When exposed to constant light (LL) and presentation of food once every 24 hours, anticipatory wheel running was observed in both groups. A return to ad lib food and the previous LD 12:12 schedule produced a slow re-entrainment of running in the controls and arrhythmic activity in the SCN animals. The results suggest that the SCN is not necessary for the appearance of locomotor rhythms in the rat.     

Components of predation defense behavior in chickens: evidence for endogenous rhythmicity

The manifestation of diurnal periodicity and the extent of its control by the photoperiod was assessed in three predation defense reactions which constitute either components or outcomes of a predator-prey interaction sequence. Two-hundred White Leghorn chicks were reared from hatching for one week in either 24L or 12L and then tested at one of two clock hours previously demonstrated to define peak and trough response for one of the components. Putative evidence was found for an endogenous source of the periodicity manifested in all reactions. Maintenance schedule did not entrain the periodicity, but simple room entry and handling elicited anti-predator reactions, the extent of which varied as a function of clock hour. A general model of predation defense behavior was proposed.     

Type A behavior and its association with cardiovascular disease prevalence in Blacks and Whites: The Minnesota heart survey

Population-based surveys were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to measure the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) history and risk factors in Black and White adults. Type A behavior was measured by the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). JAS scores were associated with age (negatively), education (positively), and sex (men>women) but were largely unrelated to CHD risk factors. Blacks had significantly lower age- and education-adjusted Type A and component scores than Whites, more so formen than women. Univariate analysis indicated that a history of angina and/or heart attack was positively associated with the Type A score in both Blacks and Whites. Following adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors, Type A score remained positively and significantly associated with CHD prevalence. These findings are consistent with other cross-sectional studies and suggest that Type A behavior, as measured by the JAS, may increase the risk of CHD in both Blacks and Whites. Follow-up of these cohorts may help to clarify the complex relationship of Type A behavior to the risk of CHD.Supported by a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Grant (RO1-23727).     

Using aggregated mobile phone location data to compare the realised foodscapes of different socio-economic groups.

The foodscape (the built food environment) is considered one of the driving factors of the higher burden of obesity and chronic disease observed in low socio-economic status (SES) groups. Traditional data collection methods struggle to accurately capture actual access and exposure to the foodscape (realised foodscape). We assess the use of anonymised mobile phone location data (location data) in foodscape studies by applying them to a case study in Perth, Western Australia to test the hypothesis that lower SES groups have poorer realised foodscapes than high SES groups. Kernel density estimation was used to calculate realised foodscapes of different SES groups and home foodscape typologies, which were compared to home foodscapes of the different groups. The location data enabled us to measure realised foodscapes of multiple groups over an extended period and at the city scale. Low SES groups had poor availability of food outlets, including unhealthy outlets, in their home and realised foodscapes and may be more susceptible to a poor home foodscape because of low mobility.     

Neighborhood social environments,healthy resources,and adult diabetes: Accounting for activity space exposures

This study broadens contextual environments to include adults’ activity spaces—inside and outside the residential neighborhood—to examine how contextual exposures shape type 2 diabetes risk. We use novel longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, construct time-weighted exposure measures of adults’ social-structural and healthy resource environments, and execute random effects logistic models predicting the probability of being diabetic. Results indicate that residential and activity space exposures are independently associated with adult diabetes, and that residential and activity space healthy resources combine to influence diabetes risk in synergistic ways. Living in more socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods reduces diabetes risk, particularly when spending time in activity spaces with greater access to recreational facilities. Moreover, healthier activity space environments may compensate for living in neighborhoods devoid of healthy food options to lessen diabetes risk. Adopting an activity space framework can inform multilevel interventions aimed at alleviating type 2 diabetes and other chronic ailments.     

先天性心脏病儿童白细胞介素2活性及膜表面白细胞介素2受体的研究

目的 研究先天性心脏病（先心病）患儿的免疫功能状态。方法 采用间接免疫荧光检测膜表面白细胞介素2受体（Tac）、植物血凝素刺激后的膜表面白细胞介素2受体（Tac-a),MTT比色法检测白细胞介素2活性（IL－2）。结果 与健康儿童比较,先心病患儿IL－2活性和Tac-a都显著降低（P＜0．01）;与非紫绀型先心病患儿比较,紫绀型先心病患儿IL－2活性显著降低（P＜0．01）。结论 先心病患儿免疫功能缺陷可能是其易患感染性疾病的原因之一,增强免疫治疗对预防先心病患儿感染十分必要。     

僵蚕抗实验性静脉血栓及作用机理的研究

目的：为研究僵蚕抗实验性血栓的作用。方法：用Beyers制作静脉血栓动物模型进行观察,结果：表明静脉注射僵蚕液后,模型动物的血栓重量明显减轻（P＜0．01）,纤溶酶原含量,纤维蛋白原含量,优球蛋白溶解时间明确减少（P＜0．05）,同时激活部分凝血活酶时间（KPTT）,凝血酶原时间（PT）,凝血酶时间（TT）均有明显延长（P＜0．01）,结论：说明僵蚕具有促纤溶活性,对凝血酶－纤维蛋白原反应的直接抑制作用为防止血栓形成的主要因素。     

氨基巯三唑衍生物的合成及其生物活性研究 I.3-呋喃-4,5-二取代均三唑衍生物的合成与抗菌活性

目的 :合成新型氨基巯三唑衍生物 ,筛选广谱、高效、低毒的临床抗菌药物。方法 :设计合成了 3 (2’ 呋喃 ) 4 氨基 5 巯基 1,2 ,4 三唑 (Ⅵ )及其衍生物 4 (5’ 硝基糠叉替氨基 )均三唑 (Ⅷ )以及 5 取代苄巯基均三唑 (Ⅶ ) ,并采用琼脂扩散法对合成化合物进行了抑菌活性试验。结果 :所合成化合物的化学结构由元素分析、红外光谱 (IR)和核磁共振氢谱 (1HNMR)等所证实。初步抗菌活性试验结果表明 :化合物(Ⅷ )对所有受试菌株均表现出高度敏感性 ,新合成的化合物 (Ⅶa～b)仅对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抑制活性。结论 :3 呋喃 4 ,5 二取代氨基巯基均三唑衍生物是一类新型的具有重要研究价值和临床开发前景的抗菌剂。     

幽门螺杆菌UreB单克隆抗体的制备及尿素酶活性抑制能力的研究

目的制备抗幽门螺杆菌尿素酶B亚单位(UreB)单克隆抗体,并检测其对尿素酶活性的抑制能力。方法以重组UreB蛋白为免疫原,通过杂交瘤技术制备抗UreB单克隆抗体,用ELISA检测mAb的效价、亲和常数;用Westernblot检测mAb的特异性。将尿素酶与单克隆抗体预孵育后加入含有尿素和酚红的缓冲液,于550nm测定单克隆抗体对尿素酶活性的抑制能力。结果得到5株稳定分泌抗UreB的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞1D5、9E1、3A2、1D6、6E6。测定抗体亚型1D5,9E1,3A2为IgG1,1D6、6E6为IgG2a,亲和常数分别为4×108、4.6×108、2.8×108、2×109、3×109L/mol。Westernblot鉴定5种单克隆抗体均能和重组UreB及全菌蛋白中的UreB抗原发生特异性结合,且均不与肠道常见菌发生交叉反应。5株单克隆抗体中只有6E6具有对尿素酶活性的抑制作用,且抑制率与单克隆抗体剂量相关。结论制备了5株稳定分泌抗UreB抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,产生的单克隆抗体效价高且特异性好,其中6E6能抑制尿素酶活性。本研究为探讨尿素酶的作用机制、UreB的纯化及Hp的临床诊断和治疗奠定了基础。     

VEGFR-32-Ig反义多肽的原核表达及生物活性鉴定

目的 将VEGFR-32-Ig的反义基因在体外进行原核表达，并将产物进行生物活性鉴定．方法 构建VEGFR-32-Ig反义基因的原核表达载体，经过原核表达、亲和层析及蛋白酶切后获得将VEGFR-32-Ig的反义多肽，用MTT法进行活性鉴定．结果 获得VEGFR-32-Ig的反义多肽，MTT法证明VEGFR-32-Ig的反义多肽具有较强生物学活性．结论 成功获得VEGFR-32-Ig的反义多肽，为研究和利用反义多肽提供了实验理论依据．