改良早期预警评分在心脏科门诊预检分诊中的应用

目的评估改良早期预警评分系统（MEWS评分）在心脏科门诊识别危重患者的应用效果。方法将2012年10～12月来我院就诊的心内科门诊19971例患者进行MEWS评分，据此安排就诊先后顺序，并根据病情危重程度实施必要的处置，将MEWS评分与病情转归进行比较和分析。结果MEWSO～4分患者18634例随诊，5～8分患者1063例，与专科病房及CCU／ICU做好无缝隙连接；≥9分患者274例，死亡危险性明显增加，立即进行紧急医疗干预，实施特别护理。结论简便的MEWS将心脏科患者病情分值化，使医护人员对就诊患者分诊依据更充分，具有识别潜在危重病的作用。     

Training interventions for healthcare providers offering group-based patient education. A scoping review

ObjectivesTo provide overview of research on training interventions for healthcare providers aimed at promoting competencies in delivering group-based patient education.MethodsA systematic literature search identified relevant studies. Data was extracted on training details, study design, outcomes and experiences. Results were summarized and qualitative data analyzed using content analysis.ResultsTwenty-seven studies exploring various training interventions were included. Ten studies used qualitative methods, eight quantitative and nine mixed methods. Use of a comparison group, validated instruments and follow-up measures was rare. Healthcare providers’ reactions to training were mostly positive. Several studies indicated positive short-term effects on self-efficacy and knowledge. Results on observed skills and patient outcomes were inconclusive. Results on healthcare providers’ experience of delivery of group-based patient education following training were categorized into 1) Benefits of training interventions, 2) Barriers to implementation and 3) Delivery support.ConclusionsFurther evaluation of training for healthcare providers delivering group-based patient education is needed before conclusions on training efficacy can be drawn. The results indicate an expanding research field still in maturation.Practice implicationsEfficacy studies evaluating theoretically grounded training with clear attention on group facilitation and follow-up support are needed. Inclusion of validated instruments and long-term outcomes is encouraged.     

An evaluation of stereoacuity (3D vision) in practising surgeons across a range of surgical specialities

BackgroundJudging depth is important in surgery. Although there are several cues that permit depth perception, stereoacuity has been singled out as a possible predictor of surgical ability. However, it is not clear whether high-grade stereoacuity is necessary for a career in surgery. To help answer this, we aimed to evaluate stereoacuities in practising surgeons across a range of surgical specialities.MethodsWe recorded stereoacuity values on 66 surgeons working at a London teaching hospital using three standard stereotests: Titmus, TNO and Frisby. There were 36 Trainees and 30 Consultants, covering 12 surgical specialities.ResultsMedian stereoacuities (with range) for the whole group were: 40 s arc on Titmus (40–800), 30 s arc on TNO (15–480) and 20 s arc on Frisby (20–600). Four surgeons had no recordable stereoacuity on TNO, and one was also unrecordable on Titmus. Three of these four were Consultants. Depending on the test used, high-grade stereopsis was found in 74%–83% of surgeons while reduced stereopsis was found in 2%–14% of surgeons.ConclusionWhile we found that most surgeons in current NHS practice have high-grade stereoacuity, there are also surgeons with reduced stereopsis and some with no stereopsis. The findings do not therefore support the assertion that high-grade stereopsis is a universal requirement for a career in surgery. It would be difficult to justify setting a stereoacuity criterion for entrance into a surgical training programme.     

儿科护士疼痛管理知识培训课程设计及实施效果评价

目的 评价实施儿科护理人员疼痛知识培训课程的效果,为有效提高儿童疼痛管理质量提供依据。 方法 采用类实验设计和方便抽样法选取符合纳入标准的170例儿科护士作为研究对象,对其实施儿科护理人员疼痛知识培训。培训前后采用儿科护士疼痛知识与态度调查问卷(pediatric nurses′ knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain, PNKAS)对其进行问卷调查,比较培训前后儿科护士疼痛知识水平、态度的变化。 结果 培训前后,儿科护士疼痛管理知识总分及各维度(疼痛一般知识、疼痛评估、药物镇痛、镇痛措施及案例分析部分)得分比较,差异均具统计学意义。 结论 儿科护士既往缺乏疼痛管理教育及培训,疼痛管理知识培训可有效提高儿科护士疼痛知识水平,同时改变其疼痛管理过程存在的错误观念。     

A review of breastfeeding training intervention studies that evaluate staff knowledge outcomes in NICU

BackgroundThe NICU environment presents many barriers for mothers to provide breast milk for their infants. In order to succeed, mothers require advice and assistance from healthcare staff, however some staff lack the necessary knowledge and skills to support them. This review evaluates studies of breastfeeding education interventions on staff knowledge outcomes.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted. Research studies that measured NICU staff knowledge outcomes of training were included.ResultsFrom 94 studies identified, four were included, each demonstrated significant positive effects on staff knowledge outcomes following a breastfeeding educational intervention in NICU. There were no RCTs, three studies used a pre and post-test design, and one used a post-test only design. One study performed a time series analysis of knowledge, staff attitudes and beliefs and two studies conducted an audit of breastfeeding rates.ConclusionsThis review identified a lack of good quality evidence on the effectiveness of breastfeeding educational interventions for staff in NICU. Future research should address the breastfeeding education needs of multidisciplinary healthcare staff in NICU through large, well-conducted RCTs.     

Supporting people with young onset dementia and their families: An evaluation of a training course for care workers

This article reports the findings of an evaluation of a training course for care workers who care for people with dementia in the community. Twenty-four care workers participated in the training which took place in London and Surrey, United Kingdom. The training had a significant positive impact on participants’ confidence in understanding the experiences and social care needs of people with young onset dementia (YOD) and their families. Participants also perceived that the training would help them improve their working practice by furthering their understanding of practical approaches to supporting and caring for people with dementia in general. Additionally, participants reported many ways in which they perceived being able to specifically support and empower people with YOD. It was concluded that the short training course improved knowledge and confidence for care workers on dementia care, and specifically in understanding how to support people with YOD and their families. Dementia specific training should be considered by service managers as a way of potentially increasing care worker job satisfaction.     

社会心理执业技能培训在住院医师规范化培训中的应用

【】 目的 探讨在住院医师规范化培训中开展社会心理执业技能的意义。方法 选择2012年在湖北医药学院附属人民医院17个住院医师规范化培训基地参加培训的138人,进行社会心理职业技能培训。 结果 ①对医患关系认知情况的问卷调查表明,培训后有56.5%的医师认为存在自身的医患沟通技巧不足,66.7%的认为良好的沟通技巧是接诊患者中最为主要的,较培训前有差异(P＜0.05)。②对社会心理执业技能掌握情况的对比结果表明,培训后有86.2%的医师认为问诊时应该倾听患者的诉说,79.8%认为有必要构建良好的沟通气氛,87.7%认为培训可以提高沟通技巧,79.8%认为住院医师规范化培训是进行社会心理执业技能培训的最佳阶段,较培训前有明显差异(P＜0.01)。③SEGUE问卷评分显示,培训后医师的医患沟通能力明显高于培训前,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。④OSCE评分成绩显示,培训后医师的总成绩及每一项合格率(＞60分)的人数与培训前比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。⑤进行笔试部分、8项技能操作及面试后进行考核成绩比较,培训前后医师在技能技能考核中差异明显(P＜0.05)。结论 住院医师规范化培训遵循医学教育和医学人才成长规律,在此阶段加强医师社会心理执业技能的培养,符合新的医学模式的要求,可持续提升医疗卫生服务能力和水平,值得推广。