两种隐匿阴茎大鼠模型的建立及比较

目的:建立稳定的大鼠隐匿阴茎模型,为探索阴茎包埋对海绵体结构和功能的影响提供实验动物模型。方法:90只2周龄雄性SD大鼠随机均分为A、B、C3组,A组采用阴茎根部内荷包缝合法,B组采用包皮折叠缝合法包埋阴茎,C组为假手术组。在180d内观察两种方法的包埋效果。结果:A组术后4只死于急性尿潴留,5只因尿道口周围软组织感染、皮肤破溃导致包埋失败,3只因包埋过松阴茎伸出;B组术后1只死于麻醉,2只死于急性尿潴留;因阴茎发育和勃起,A组有7只、B组有10只阴茎伸出;C组1只死于麻醉。A组和B组中其余大鼠均有较好的包埋效果,A组包埋成功率为36.7%,B组为56.7%,而且可以在实验中任何时候解除包埋。结论:包皮折叠缝合法和阴茎根部内荷包缝合法均能建立稳定的、且与人类隐匿阴茎自然病程较为一致的2周龄大鼠隐匿阴茎动物模型。     

Development of a Simple Model of Extrinsic Denervation of the Small Bowel in Mouse

Small bowel transplantation (SBT) is associated with poorly understood enteric dysfunction. The study of SBT in mice is hindered by the technical difficulty of orthotopic SBT in the mouse. Our aim was to develop an easy preparation of extrinsic denervation of the entire jejunoileum in mice as a model of orthotopic SBT. All neurolymphatic tissues accompanying the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV) were ligated just distal to the middle colic vessels. The SMA and SMV were then stripped of investing adventitia, and the mesentery to jejunum and colon were transected radially. Jejunum and colon were not transected and reanastomosed. To confirm extrinsic denervation 1, 3, and 6 months later, segments of small bowel were stained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive intensity was then quantified using a semiquantitative analysis. Immunohistochemical fluorescence showed persistence of PGP9.5 immunoreactivity confirming enteric nerves in jejunoileum; however, there was no TH immunoreactivity in jejunoileum in denervated mice despite the expected preservation of TH immunoreactivity in the still-innervated duodenum at 1 month. At 3 months, sparse immunoreactivity for TH was present, and by 6 months, reinnervation of TH-containing nerves appeared similar to controls. Quantification of intensity at each time-point further confirmed this trend. This technique in the mouse accomplishes a complete extrinsic denervation of jejunoileum early postoperatively (1 and 3 months); reinnervation occurs by 6 months. This is an easily learned murine model of orthotopic SBT. Presented at the American Gastroenterological Association during Digestive Disease Week in Los Angeles, CA, as a poster presentation on May 23 2006. Abstract published in GastroenterologyE 2006; 130:A604.     

Decision analysis model of incisional hernia after open abdominal surgery

Background The incidence rate of incisional hernias after open surgery has been reported to be higher than that of port site hernias after laparoscopic surgery. No studies have compared the costs for the health care system in treating those two types of hernia. Methods A systematic review was conducted to obtain the baseline data, and a decision analysis model was created to simulate the occurrence and recurrence of incisional and port site hernias. Results The overall risk of having incisional hernias was eight-times higher than that of having port site hernias (7.4% vs 0.9%). A cost savings of ￡93 per patient can be generated for the health care system in the UK. Similar results were obtained for Germany, Italy and France. Conclusions The additional treatment costs for incisional hernia should be taken into account when the costs of a surgery performed by open approach are compared with by laparoscopy.     

Laser induced autofluorescence studies of animal skin used in modeling of human cutaneous tissue spectroscopic measurements

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy provides excellent possibilities for medical diagnostics of different tissue pathologies including cancer. However, to create the whole picture of pathological changes, investigators collect spectral information from patients in vivo or they study different tumor models to obtain objective information for fluorescent properties of every kind of healthy and diseased tissue. Therefore, it is very important to find the most appropriate, and close to the human skin, animal samples from the fluorescence point of view, which will allow the extrapolation of the animal data to human spectroscopic diagnostics. METHODS: In the present work, we examined the autofluorescence properties of different animal skin tissues, which are considered as the most common skin models. A nitrogen laser was used as an excitation source. Samples of healthy mouse, chicken and pig skin in vivo and/or ex vivo were studied and were compared with results obtained from investigations of healthy human skin in vivo. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Specific features of the recorded spectra are discussed and the possible origin of the obtained fluorescence signals is proposed. Quantitative evaluation of data extrapolation for each skin type is also depicted.     

幕上星形细胞肿瘤Ki-67抗原表达及其预后作用

目的 探讨Ki-67抗原在幕上星形细胞肿瘤中的表达及其预后作用。方法 使用S-P免疫组化方法检测82例原发性幕上星形细胞肿瘤标本中Ki-67抗原的表达。单因素使用Kaplan-Meier法,多因素分析使用COX比例风险模型进行预后分析。结果Ki-67 指数在组织学分级GradeⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ中分别为2.86%±1.57%,6.72%±3.95%,8.16%±3.92%(P<0.01)。单因素及多因素分析均提示Ki-67指数是独立的预后因素。在GradeⅡ中,Ki-67指数>2.5%与Grade Ⅲ中Ki-67指数≤2.5%的患者生存期差异无显著性(P>0.05);在GradeⅣ中,Ki-67指数≤2.5%与>2.5%的患者生存期有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论 Ki-67指数随着各病理级别增高而增高;Ki-67指数>2.5%提示预后较差。在同一病理级别中,Ki-67指数不同,其预后有显著性差异。而部分不同病理级别的患者,随着Ki-67指数的不同,其生存期却无显著差异。联合组织病理检查及Ki-67指数检测有助于更精确地判断预后。     

静脉性脑梗死动物模型的建立及相关研究

静脉性脑梗死动物模型的建立是通过不同的栓塞方法闭塞实验动物上矢状窦的不同部位，其目的是观察脑组织的血流量、血氧饱和度、脑组织水含量、脑灌注压、及各种影像学表现等参数指标的变化，从病理生理角度探讨静脉性脑梗死的发病机理及演变过程。     

乌司他丁对大鼠胰性脑病保护作用的实验研究

目的 :探讨乌司他丁对大鼠急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时对脑组织损害的保护作用 ,为胰性脑病的治疗提供实验依据。方法 :将 90只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组 ,急性出血坏死性胰腺炎诱导组和乌司他丁处理组 ,经胰胆管逆行注射 5%牛磺胆酸钠建立大鼠ANP模型 ,12h后处死动物 ,测定血清TNFα水平 ,并检测脑组织含水量、脑微血管内白细胞聚集及附壁现象。结果 :经乌司他丁处理后 ,血清中乌司他丁水平、脑组织含水量、脑组织MDA含量、脑微血管内白细胞聚集及附壁现象显著降低(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :乌司他丁可以减轻急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时脑损害的发生和发展     

荷人卵巢癌严重联合免疫缺陷鼠腹腔移植模型的建立

目的 :建立荷人卵巢癌细胞株 SKOV3严重联合免疫缺陷小鼠 (SCID)动物模型。方法 :SCID鼠腹腔注射人 SKOV3卵巢癌细胞 1× 10 7个 /只 ,饲养在无特定病原体环境中 ,观察其生物学特性。结果 :实验组 3只 SCID小鼠腹腔内均见肿瘤生长 ,并形成以横膈、肠系膜、肝周、腹膜为主的转移灶 ,其中 1只肺部有镜下转移灶。移植后肿瘤细胞在形态、生长、分泌 CA12 5功能方面均与原细胞株保持一致。结论 :建立的荷人 SKOV3卵巢癌 SCID鼠腹腔移植模型能较好地模拟人卵巢癌腹腔播散的生物学特征。     

Working‐correlation‐structure identification in generalized estimating equations

Selecting an appropriate working correlation structure is pertinent to clustered data analysis using generalized estimating equations (GEE) because an inappropriate choice will lead to inefficient parameter estimation. We investigate the well‐known criterion of QIC for selecting a working correlation structure, and have found that performance of the QIC is deteriorated by a term that is theoretically independent of the correlation structures but has to be estimated with an error. This leads us to propose a correlation information criterion (CIC) that substantially improves the QIC performance. Extensive simulation studies indicate that the CIC has remarkable improvement in selecting the correct correlation structures. We also illustrate our findings using a data set from the Madras Longitudinal Schizophrenia Study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

求和自回归滑动平均模型结合圆分布法分析脑卒中死亡率动态规律

通过1999年1月至2006年12月天津市脑卒中逐月死亡率数据,应用圆分布法探讨脑卒中死亡率的季节分布,动态变化规律,建立监测与预测的时间序列模型.通过模型辨识、参数估计及其检验、白噪声检验、模型的拟合度分析等过程,建立求和自回归滑动平均模型(ARIMA)的季节乘积模型(P,d,q)(P,D,Q)s.脑卒中死亡率以年为周期,一年中1月为高发月份.建立ARIMA(0,1,0)×(0,1,1)12:模型:(1-B)(1-B12)lnx1=0.001+(1-0.537B12)εt.结论:ARIMA乘积模型结合圆分布法是对脑卒中死亡率进行时间序列分析的重要方法;应用该方法可对脑卒中流行趋势及死亡率进行预测,为卫生资源合理分配、公共卫生政策计划制定和防治结果考核提供科学依据.