正常人血清瘦素水平及其与性别、体质量指数和腰臀比的关系

目的:研究正常人群血清瘦素水平及其与性别、体质量指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR)的关系。方法:以我市体检人群中的300例志愿者作为研究对象,并根据体质量分为正常组155例和肥胖组142例,测定血清瘦素(RIA法)、身高、体质量、腰围和臀围。结果:正常组的血清瘦素水平不服从正态分布,中位数6.66μg/L,正常组81例女性瘦素中位数为8.89μg/L,双侧90%瘦素浓度范围为5.43～15.39μg/L;74例男性瘦素中位数为3.15μg/L,双侧90%瘦素浓度范围为0.25～9.99μg/L。BMI与性别因素对血清瘦素水平均有显著影响,两者比较差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。肥胖组的血清瘦素水平呈正态分布,男性血清瘦素为(9.14±4.77)μg/L;女性血清瘦素为(19.34±10.90)μg/L。女性和男性的BMI、WHR均与瘦素浓度呈线性相关。结论:血清瘦素浓度性别差异显著,与BMI及WHR显著相关,肥胖组血清瘦素浓度比正常组显著升高。     

Metabolic risk factors in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi

PURPOSE: We performed a prospective study to determine the incidence and spectrum of metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 consecutive patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent metabolic evaluation of stone risk factors. Of these patients 21 had associated stones (study group), while 26 did not (control group). Logistical regression, Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests were performed to determine whether there was a significant difference between these groups in regard to the presence of metabolic risk factors. RESULTS: Demographically and symptomatically the 2 groups were equivalent except that the study patients were older. The 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium was significantly higher in study than in the control patients (p = 0.007). While the incidence of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria was also higher in the study population, these differences were not significant (p = 0.08 and 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation are present more frequently in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction who have associated stones compared to those who do not. As such, urinary stasis alone does not explain stone formation in these cases. Rather, the local physiological environment of urine likely has a predisposing role. In addition to restoring unobstructed urinary flow, consideration should be given to metabolic evaluation and prophylactic treatment for affected patients.     

Socioeconomic status and prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema symptoms in young adolescents

Environmental factors are known to influence the development of allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema in genetically susceptible individuals. Socioeconomic status (SES) may be an important indicator of risk for these conditions. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase 1 written questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence and severity of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema symptoms in 4947 pupils aged 13-14 years attending 30 schools in socioeconomically diverse areas of Cape Town. Home addresses were used to stratify participants into five SES bands. Relationships between symptom prevalence and severity, and SES, recent urbanization and upward socioeconomic mobility were examined. Logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in order to assess overall trends by SES. The prevalences of self-reported allergic rhinitis symptoms and recurrent itchy rash in the past year were 33.2% and 11.9% respectively. Girls had a significantly higher prevalence of all symptoms than boys. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms increased from lowest to highest SES (overall OR for rhinitis symptoms in past year = 1.16, 95% CI 1.11-1.21). There was no significant trend in reported eczema symptoms by SES other than for the question, 'Have you ever had eczema' (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.93). Longer period of urbanization was weakly associated only with recurrent itchy skin rash (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09). 'Socially mobile' pupils, i.e. those resident in the lowest SES areas but attending highest SES schools showed significantly higher prevalences of eczema and some rhinitis symptoms than pupils attending lowest SES schools. These findings may reflect differences in reporting related to language, culture and access to medical care rather than real differences in prevalence.     

男性参与计划生育状况及其影响因素分析

目的:分析男性参与计划生育状况及其影响因素。方法:对全国31个省16 994名已婚育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果:近10年来,有48.05%的男性与妻子讨论过避孕,25.75%的男性参加过计划生育/生殖健康培训,14.90%的男性参与避孕方法决策,27.59%的男性曾经使用过避孕套,5.10%的男性采用男性绝育术。多因素分析结果提示:男性参与与居住地(城镇/农村)、本人或妻子的文化程度等有较大关联。结论:我国男性尤其是农村男性参与计划生育程度有待提高。建议加大男性参与宣传教育的力度,扩展男用避孕方法种类以及全面推进避孕方法知情选择。     

雌激素和血管内皮细胞生长因子促进血管瘤增殖的体外实验研究

目的：研究雌二醇(E2)和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在促进血管瘤血管内皮细胞(HVEC)增殖中的作用和相互关系，以及4羟基他莫昔芬(4OH—TAM)对该促进作用的影响。方法：取2例雌激素受体阳性的皮肤增生期草莓状血管瘤标本，采用组织块培养法培养HVEC。HVEC原代及传代培养在M199培养液中进行，传至第三代时改用无雌激素培养液IMEM进行干预实验，实验分5组：组1(无干预，为对照组)、组2(加E2)、组3(加VEGF)、组4(加E2和VEGF)、组5(加E，、VEGF和4OH—TAM)。分别在0、3、6、9d进行细胞计数(CC)和流式细胞仪DNA增殖指数(PI)检测。结果例1在第9d时，组2示HVEC轻微增殖，CC和PI分别为组1的1．38倍和1．61倍；组3示CC及PI明显增加，分别为组2的2．10倍和1．61倍；组4示OC及PI的增加更加显著，分别是组3的1．62倍和1．40倍；组5的OC和PI与组1相仿。例2的实验结果与例1相似。结论：体外实验显示雌激素能够轻微促进HVEC增殖；VEGF可明显促进HVEC增殖；而雌激素和VEGF同时存在时，对HVEC的促增殖作用更加显著，二者存在协同作用；他莫昔芬能抑制这种协同促增殖作用。     

影响大规模疫苗接种的社会经济因素分析

目的 了解影响成人疫苗接种率的有关社会经济影响因素。方法 选择广西河池市2个城镇，对5～60岁登记在册居民按有对照的组群随机抽样原则进行伤寒Vi疫苗和A群流脑疫苗的大规模接种；比较接种者的人口学和社会经济特征与接种率的关系。结果 应接种对象118071人，实际接种92476人，接种率为78．32％，其中伤寒Vi疫苗76．87％；流脑疫苗79．69％。城市接种率为77．29％，农村接种率为80．58％；5～9岁接种率最高，为89．65％；20～29岁组最低，仅为69．07％；男女接种率分别为79．07％和82．11％；高收入住户人群接种率最高达到90％左右；18～60岁人群中，按受教育程度分析以“小学毕业”人群接种率最高，为78．34％；按居住单元分析，学生的人群接种率最高，达92．01％，私营业主和退休人群接种率最低，分别为69．71％和68．82％；居住未满1年者的人群接种率最低．为62．5％．居住1～2年者接种率最高，为84．47％。结论 受教育程度、经济收入、居住年限以及城乡差别对接种率并无直接影响；流动性大、老年人是影响疫苗接种率的主要因素。     

广东省不同人群SARS病毒抗体水平调查

目的对不同人群进行SARS-IgG抗体水平检测，分析SARS流行规模和特征，评价暴露的危险性，了解人数中是否存在SARS病毒隐性感染，为寻找SARS病毒传染源提供线索。方法抽取7708份不同人群标本，按临床症状和暴露因素分为临床确诊SARS病人、病人或污染物的接触者、普通健康人群和动物销售人员4类，采用酶联免疫方法(ELISA)进行SARS-IgG抗体检测，用免疫荧光法(IFA)复核，并结合流行病学资料进行分析。结果127例临床确诊SARS病人抗体阳性率为66．9％；密切接触者中女性发病率高于男性；SARS病人或其污染物的密切接触者抗体阳性率为0．88％；动物销售人员为13．4％；野生哺乳动物销售者的抗体阳性率显著高于其他动物销售者，普通健康人群未检出抗体阳性。低年龄健康人群ELISA检测阳性率为2．06％，高于总体水平。结论人群总体抗体水平很低，普通健康人群无SARS冠状病毒抗体，但可能存在某种可与SARS冠状病毒起交叉反应的抗体；有无接触史是影响抗体阳性率的重要因素；密切接触者可能存在隐性感染；野生动物可能是本次SARS的传染源。     

综合重症监护病房医院感染调查分析

目的 了解综合重症监护病房(ICU)患者医院感染状况，探讨其易感因素和防治措施。方法 以回顾性调查的方法对某院2000年1月1日～2002年12月31日的ICU住院患者临床资料进行统计分析。结果 该院ICU患者医院感染率为19．69％，例次感染率为28．19％。病种感染率以脑出血，脑梗死，大脑撕裂和挫伤为高。感染部位以下呼吸道占首位，为60．32％，其次是血液(菌血症)。感染病原菌仍以革兰阴性菌为主，占67.83％，其中以铜绿假单胞菌(34．78％)为多，其次是真菌(17．39％)；革兰阳性菌占14．78％。结论 ICU年度平均医院感染率显著高于普通病房，其医院感染危险因素与患者基础疾病的严重程度及免疫力，是否实施侵入性诊疗操作和消毒灭菌质量等相关。     

儿童感觉统合失调及其影响因素分析

目的了解儿童感觉统合失调的现况及影响因素.方法采用"儿童感觉统合能力发展评定量表"和自拟的调查问卷对合肥市某小学933名智力正常儿童进行感觉统合评定和影响因素分析.结果儿童感觉统合失调的总发生率为34.7%,男孩发生率(42.3%)明显高于女孩(28.8%)(P＜0.01).单因素和多因素分析表明,感觉统合失调的主要影响因素有母亲文化程度、家庭结构和气氛、父母教育子女的态度和方式、母亲孕前的不良因素、儿童的疾病史和3岁前是否被寄养.结论感觉统合失调的发生是多因素相互作用的结果.     

江苏省农村居民结核病危险因素病例对照研究

目的　了解江苏省农村结核发病危险因素 ,为结核病控制提供依据。方法　采用 1∶1配对病例对照方法 ,分层整群抽取病例和对照各 318人进行问卷调查 ,计算OR值和 95 %CI ,并用条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果　在单因素分析中 ,人均收入、住房类型、人均住居面积、膳食营养 (鸡蛋、肉类 )、劳动疲乏、经济负担重、有负性事件、结核相关疾病史、吸烟、有结核病 (TB)接触史等因素的OR值分别为 0 72 6 ,0 6 4 9,0 82 3,0 913,0 90 6 ,1 84 9,2 0 2 7,3 86 7,2 35 5 ,1 389,3 5 99;P均 <0 0 5。在多因素分析中 ,人均收入低、家庭经济负担重、劳动疲劳、有结核相关疾病史、有负性事件、有TB接触史是影响农村结核病的主要因素。结论　加强结核病人发现、治疗、管理 ,并针对其他危险因素采取控制措施对降低农村疫情有重要意义。