Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway

Inappropriate use of acetaminophen (APAP) can lead to morbidity and mortality secondary to hepatic necrosis. Ginsenoside Rg1 is a major active ingredient in processed Panax ginseng, which is proved to elicit biological effects. We hypothesized the beneficial effect of Rg1 on APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity was through Nrf2/ARE pathway. The study was conducted in cells and mice, comparing the actions of Rg1. Rg1 significantly improved cell survival rates and promoted the expression of antioxidant proteins. Meanwhile, Rg1 reduced the excessive ROS and the occurrence of cell apoptosis, which were related to Nrf2/ARE pathway. Expression of Nrf2 has a certain cell specificity.

     

“Driven and Tense,Stressed Out and Anxious”: Clinicians’ Perceptions of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Expressions in Adults with Autism and Intellectual Disability

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) seem to be at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but knowledge is sparse regarding its identification in this population. Previous research indicates that certain symptoms of PTSD may be more easily recognized, and that identifying reexperiencing and avoidance is particularly challenging.     

脑卒中患者急性应激障碍及影响因素研究

目的探讨脑卒中患者急性应激障碍发生现状及影响因素。方法采用斯坦福急性应激反应问卷对349例脑卒中住院患者进行调查。结果共163例(46.70%)患者发生急性应激障碍;Logistic回归分析结果显示,患者性格、是否存在偏瘫及是否吞咽功能障碍是脑卒中患者发生急性应激障碍的主要影响因素(P0.05,P0.01)。结论脑卒中患者急性应激障碍发生率较高,内向性格及存在偏瘫和吞咽功能障碍的患者更容易发生急性应激障碍。医护人员应及时为高危患者提供个体化治疗及预见性护理,防止脑卒中患者发生急性应激障碍。     

神经源性声带运动障碍与喉神经电生理

声带运动障碍的病因和临床表现复杂多变，涉及多学科，从病因上分为神经源性和非神经源性。对于神经源性声带运动障碍的诊治，首先通过喉镜等检查明确有无声带运动障碍及严重程度，值得注意的是声带纵向张力变化障碍也属于运动障碍的范畴；然后采用喉肌电图（LEMG）检查进行定性分析，在确诊神经源性损伤后，进一步对神经损伤部位进行定位诊断并查找导致神经损伤的病因；同时根据喉部神经电生理评估结果，判断预后。最后综合上述的评估结果制定相应的治疗策略。     

疱疹病毒抗体阳性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿免疫状况及临床特征

目的探讨疱疹病毒抗体阳性的肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿免疫状况及临床特征。方法回顾分析2015年1月—2017年5月收治的360例2个月～16岁因MPP住院的患儿临床资料,以EB病毒(EBV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)任一疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性的162例患儿为抗体阳性组,另198例EBV、CMV、HSV抗体均阴性的患儿作为对照组,两组进行分析比较。结果 360例MPP患儿中男188例、女172例,合并疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性162例,其中EBV IgM阳性97例,阳性率26.9%;CMV IgM阳性39例,阳性率10.8%;HSV IgM阳性97例,阳性率26.9%。所有患儿均未予抗病毒治疗,经治疗症状缓解好转出院。抗体阳性组重症MPP、大叶性实变、并发呼吸衰竭的比例均高于对照组,血清IgM、CD~(4+)T细胞、CD~(8+)T细胞、淋巴细胞、NK细胞、白细胞计数、乳酸脱氢酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶均高于对照组,大环内酯类抗生素使用时间长于对照组,使用激素率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。MPP合并2种病毒IgM抗体阳性者的血IgM和三酰甘油水平高于合并1种者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。合并3种病毒IgM抗体阳性者与合并1种者比较,住院时间、发热时间、大环内酯类抗生素使用时间均有延长,血IgM、丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平更高,重症MPP发生率增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性MPP患儿的炎症反应强烈,临床症状重,病程长,并发症多,需更长时间的治疗。     

Synergism through combination of chemotherapy and oxidative stress-induced autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells using redox-responsive nanohybrids: A new strategy for cancer therapy

A combination of various therapeutic approaches has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. A safe and competent nano-delivery system is thus in urgent demand to facilitate the simultaneous transport of various therapeutic agents to cancer cells and a tumor region to achieve synergistic effect. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNs) were fabricated herein as potential candidates for drug delivery. Serving as gatekeepers, GNPs (5 nm in diameter) were attached onto the amino-functionalized MSNs (denoted as NMSNs) via a relatively weak gold–nitrogen bonding. The resulting nanohybrids (denoted as GCMSNs) were uptaken by cells, and the detachment of GNPs and subsequent intracellular drug release from NMSNs were achieved by competitive binding of intracellular glutathione to GNPs. In addition to the function of gatekeeping, GNPs also play another role as the oxidative stress elicitor. Our in vitro studies revealed that GCMSNs induced higher oxidative stress in lung cancer cells (A549) than in normal cells (3T3-L1). This growth inhibitory effect found in the cancer cells was likely induced by mitochondria dysfunction originated from the GCMSN-induced, oxidative stress-triggered mitochondria-mediated autophagy. The redox-responsive nanohybrids were further loaded with camptothecin and the intensified synergistic therapeutic effects were observed associated with combined chemotherapy and oxidative stress strategy. The results clearly demonstrate that such unique nanohybrids hold great promise for selective and effective cancer treatments.