血清S100ββ变化与老年患者腹部手术后认知功能障碍的关系

目的观察老年患者腹部手术后S100β蛋白的变化以及术后认知功能障碍（POCD）的发生情况，并探讨二者的关系。方法26例65岁以上的老年患者ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级，行腹部手术。监测术前、术毕、术后6、24、48、72h血清S100β的变化，并评定术前及术后1周内的认知功能。结果老年患者血清S100β蛋白在术毕最高（P〈0．01），术后6h和24h逐渐下降，但术后48h、再次上升（P〈0．01），术后72h回复至术前水平。26例老年患者腹部手术后1周内有7例发生POCD。POCD组与非POCD组相比，术毕及术后6h血清S100β蛋白水平明显增高（P〈O．05）。结论老年患者腹部手术后POCD的发生与血清S100β蛋白的变化有密切关系。血清S100β蛋白可作为评估老年患者术后发生POCD的重要指标。     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞对换瓣手术病人术后血浆皮质醇、血糖及术后恢复的影响

目的观察全麻复合硬膜外阻滞对心脏瓣膜置换手术病人血浆皮质醇(Cor)、血糖(Glu)及术后恢复的影响。方法将20例换瓣手术病人随机分为全麻复合硬膜外阻滞(GEA)和单纯全麻(GA)两组。于术前、术后4 h、术后第1、3、7天取血浆测Cor、Glu浓度,并记录术后清醒时间和拔管时间。结果与术前比较,GA组病人术后4 h,术后第1天血浆Cor水平均显著升高(P<0.05),GEA组血浆Cor水平仅在术后4 h显著增高(P<0.05),但其术后4 h,术后第1天的血浆Cor水平明显低于GA组(P<0.05)。术后第1天,GEA组血浆Cor水平即恢复致术前水平,GA组至术后第3天才恢复致术前水平。两组病人Glu从术后4 h至第7天均高于麻醉前水平,GEA组升高的幅度小于GA组,在术后各时点两组之间差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。GEA组病人术后清醒时间、术后拔管时间早于GA组(P<0.05),术后VAS显著低于GA组(P<0.05)。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞可减轻心脏换瓣手术病人应激反应和术后疼痛,有利于病人术后早清醒与早拔管。     

磁共振成像在肝移植术后并发症诊断中的应用

目的探讨磁共振成像在肝移植并发症诊断中的价值。方法回顾分析11例肝移植术后发生并发症者的磁共振检查影像资料。结果11例患者术后出现皮肤和巩膜黄染、发热以及尿黄等症状，丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和胆红素升高．经B型超声波检查不能明确原因，采用磁共振（MRI、MRA和MRCP）检查，明确肝动脉吻合口狭窄1例；肝动脉闭塞2例；下腔静脉吻合口狭窄及血栓形成各1例；胆管吻合口狭窄4例，其中1例伴胆汁瘤形成；肝门水平非吻合口狭窄6例；肝坏死2例；肝包膜下血肿及右肾上腺出血各1例；均显示不等量的右侧胸腔积液、腹腔积液及肝门部水肿。结论磁共振一次检查可显示肝内外的多种结构，能为肝移植术后并发症的诊断提供丰富的肝脏、血管、胆道以及肝外结构的图像信息。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症后路术后C5神经根麻痹

目的：探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症（OPLL）术后C5神经根麻痹的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法：2000年3月至2005年1月．采用后路减压手术治疗OPLL患者157例．其中9例术后卅现C5神经根麻痹。回顾性分析9例患者的临床资料，所有患者术后均进行功能康复训练，其中5例患者给予高压氧辅助治疗，随访观察预后情况。结果：本组C5神经根麻痹的发生率为5．7％．包括单开门椎管成形术2例、全椎板切除减压术7例。其临床表现为三角肌、肱二头肌肌力下降至1～2级，肩部及上臂外侧感觉障碍，肱二头肌腱反射减弱或消失。随访1～4年，9例患者的肌力均恢复至3～4级，7例感觉恢复正常。结论：C5神经根麻痹是颈椎后路手术治疗OPLL的并发症之一，经过功能康复训练等保守治疗后肌力、感觉均可获得一定恢复。     

Use of paracervical analgesia for outpatient hysteroscopic surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Twenty-five women receiving sedation for outpatient hysteroscopic polypectomy were injected with 0.25% bupivacaine 10 mL (paracervical group) and another 25 received the same volume of saline (control group) at the cervical fornix. Both groups were given target-controlled propofol sedation during the procedure. More propofol (mg/min) was needed for adequate anesthesia in the control group compared to the paracervical group (6.5 versus 4.6). In addition, the postoperative pain scores were lower in the paracervical group than in the control group. Hemodynamic changes and postoperative side effects were similar in the two groups. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study confirmed the effective use of paracervical blocks. This approach has the effect of reducing the amount of intraoperative propofol and decreasing postoperative pain in outpatient hysteroscopic surgery.     

Predictors of long-term survival in patients with gallbladder cancer

The aim of this study was to examine the predictors of long-term survival (>24 months) in patients with gall bladder cancer. A retrospective review of 117 cases of gall bladder cancer resected between 1989 and 2000. The resections included 80 simple cholecystectomies and 37 extended procedures. Patients with survival >24 months (n=44) were compared with those having survival <24 months (n=73) for 17 prognostic factors. Overall median survival was 16 months with a 5-year survival of 27%. T status (P=.000) and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P=.001) were independent predictors of long-term survival. Survival advantage was seen in T3N+ve disease (P=.007) with extended procedures. Complete (R0) resection was attained in 30 patients with a 5-year survival advantage of 30% as compared with incomplete (R1) resection (P=.0002). Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival in simple cholecystectomy group (P=.0008) but no advantage was seen after extended procedures. Stage III (P=.001) and node-positive disease (P=.0005) had significant benefit with adjuvant therapy. Poor differentiation and vascular invasion were associated with poor long-term survival. R0 resection was associated with prolonged survival. Extended procedures improved survival in patients with T3N+ve disease. Addition of chemoradiotherapy made significant improvement in long-term survival in stage III and node-positive lesions and in patients undergoing simple cholecystectomy. R0 resection predicted long-term survival in gall bladder cancer. T3 N+ve disease had better survival after extended procedures. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival in stage III and node-positive disease. Poor differentiation and vascular invasion were adverse predictors of survival.     

Pleural flap to prevent lobar torsion: a novel technique

Lobar torsion is reported as very rare but sometimes catastrophic complication if overlooked during the early postoperative period following a lobectomy, though it is totally preventable. In this novel technique, a piece of parietal pleural flap is harvested from the posterior wall of the chest using a hook diathermy while keeping its upper border as close to the apex as possible. Finally, distal end of the flap is secured to the upper edge of the lobe using a fine monofilament absorbable suture. This procedure not only protects the lobe from rotation but also maintains continuous expansion of the lung in the early postoperative period and may, therefore, be a good option to prevent such a serious complication in selected patients following a lobectomy.     

颈椎前路手术内置物并发症的分析

在颈椎前路减压、植骨、带锁钢板内固定技术日渐成熟的今天,越来越多的医院开展了该项手术。自1998年2月-2005年8月应用该方法治疗颈椎病215例,发生与内置物钢板及钛网相关的并发症14例,为此积累了一定的经验,现总结如下。1临床资料本组215例,男126例,女89例;年龄42～82岁,平均     

Chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced or recurrent olfactory neuroblastoma

Background: Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare sino‐nasal tumor arising from the olfactory epithelium and is often characterized by local invasion or metastasis. The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of this tumor is unclear. The purpose of this study was to review our institution’s experience of chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent olfactory neuroblastoma. Methods: Twenty‐one patients with histologically proven olfactory neuroblastoma were treated at our institution between 1992 and 2002. Twelve of these patients received chemotherapy in the setting of unresectable or recurrent disease and were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics, treatment outcome or survival. Results: Eight patients of the 12 patients received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and the remaining four patients received chemotherapy consisting of docetaxel plus irinotecan (three patients) or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (1 patient). A partial response was achieved in five patients, with an overall response rate of 42%, although the chemotherapeutic regimens were heterogeneous. Two partial responses were obtained among the three patients who received docetaxel plus irinotecan. The response rate to chemotherapy was 83% in the younger age group (<40 years), as opposed to 0% in the older age group (≥40 years), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our study indicated that olfactory neuroblastoma would be sensitive to chemotherapy, especially with young patients. Docetaxel plus irinotecan has the possibility of showing favorable response, and warrants further investigation.     

压力梯度长袜和间歇充气装置预防恶性肿瘤患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的效果

目的 观察单纯应用压力梯度长袜（CS）或与间歇充气装置（IPC）联合使用预防恶性肿瘤患者术后下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成的效果及可能的机制。方法 胸科、泌尿外科、肝胆外科恶性肿瘤根治手术患者240例，随机分为4组：对照组、单纯CS组、CS＋IPC全程组、CS＋IPC术后组，每组60例。术后3～8d内行双下肢深静脉超声检查，记录DVT例数及血栓发生部位（大腿或小腿）。随机选择对照组和CS＋IPC全程组各15例患者，分别于术前、切皮后2h及术后24h各采集外周静脉血2ml，测定D-二聚体（D-D）、纤溶酶原激活物抗原（tPA-Ag）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（PAI）、血管性血友病因子（vWF）、凝血酶原时间（PT）和活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）。结果 术后3-8d对照组、CS＋IPC全程组、CS＋IPC术后组和单纯CS组DVT发生率分别为49．3％、15．0％、23．3％和30．0％（P〈0．05）。所有发生DVT患者中，除CS组发现1例近端DVT外，其余均为远端DVT。发生DVT患者年龄、卧床时间、危险因素个数等与未发生血栓患者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。凝血，纤溶指标：与对照组比较，切皮后2h，CS＋IPC全程组vWF升高，D-D、tPA-Ag降低（P〈0．05），术后24h对照组和cs＋IPC全程组间D—D、vWF、tPA-Ag及PAI差异无统计学意义。结论 CS＋IPC全程或术后使用均能降低高危患者术后DVT的发生，其中CS＋IPC全程使用预防效果最好，可能与IPC增加纤溶活性有关。