南海某岛礁作业人员睡眠状况与身心健康状况关系的研究

目的 研究南海某岛礁作业人员睡眠状况与身心健康状况的关系。方法 由经过统一培训的医务人员连续91d每日逐人逐项当面调查、记录。其中的“指数”指标，采用视觉模糊评分法。结果 随着在礁时阃的延长，作业人员睡眠状况明显变差，其主要影响因素依次为值勤（28．73％）、情绪（20．09％）、多梦（10．16％）、噪音（8．86％）和气候（7．73％）等。睡眠状况与身心健康状况明显相关，相关系数7=0．937～0．980，P＜0．01；睡眠指数对身心健康状况各指标均有明显影响（P＜0．01），睡眠时间主要影响体能指数、健康指数、工作质量指数、工作积极性指数、注意力指数及情绪指数等（P＜0．05～0．01），对食欲指数、记忆力指数影响则不明显。结论 在岛礁期间，影响作业人员睡眠的主要因素是值勤和情绪，睡眠状况明显影响身心健康状况。     

北京农村居民健康状况及卫生服务需求调查

目的了解北京农村居民健康状况及卫生服务需求特点。方法从昌平区、顺义区、大兴区、房山区随机抽取25～64岁农民1605人进行统一问卷调查。结果农民高血压自报患病率为22．4％，超重和肥胖率为56．1％；现在吸烟率为34．4％，缺乏运动率为41．6％；家庭主要经济支出为学生上学(35．3％)，建房(25．4％)和疾病(21．2％)；54．9％家庭医疗费用支出占总收入的10％以上；最关心的健康问题主要是慢性疾病防治(70．2％)；最希望获得的健康知识是慢性病预防知识(72％)；希望获得健康知识的途径是广播和电视(81％)；家庭最希望获得的医疗保健服务是方便看病和获得药物(73．8％)。结论慢性病给农民带来沉重负担，并成为农民关心的主要健康问题。     

STUDIES ON NUTRITION AND PRECANCEROUS LESIONS OF THE ESOPHAGUS IN THE ADOLESCENTS

This paper reports the prevalence of chronic esophagitis and nutritional status among 538 young persons aged 15 to 26 years from the high risk area for esophageal cancer. Of these subjects, 166 were from households with history of esophageal cancer and 372 were from households without history of esophageal cancer. The Incidences of chronic esophagltis among male and female adolescents were 37. 6% and 36% respectively, which was significantly higher than those in the low risk area (17%). The frequency of chronic esophagltis in the adolescents in the households with history of esophageal cancer was aiso higher than in those In the households without history of esophageal cancer. The deficiencies of vitamins, especially of riboflavin and ascorbate, are prevalent and severe among these adolescents. Ascorbate deficiency Is correlated with the severity of the chronic esophagltis. These results indicate that chronic esophagltis may be involved in the natural history of esophageal carclnogenesis. Nutrient defic     

小儿氨基酸注射液治疗胎儿宫内发育迟缓的探讨

经临床鉴定静脉内注射小儿氨基酸对治疗胎儿宫内发育迟缓具有肯定效果。在Ｂ超监视下，使用小儿氨基酸的孕妇组于用药期间，胎儿生长参数ＢＰＤ和ＨＣ显著高于使用成人氨基酸的孕妇组。１０例足月娩出胎儿体重均达到甚至超过２．５ｋｇ。由此得出结论：使用小儿氨基酸注射液对于改善胎儿宫内发育迟缓优于成人氨基酸。     

Can past academic criteria predict students at risk of future failure?

A significant minority of medical and dental students fail their undergraduate courses. Early warning systems (EWSs) have been developed in some areas of higher education to predict 'at-risk' students at an early remedial stage. An attempt is made to develop an EWS to predict failure in the bacteriology component of the Batchelor of Dental Surgery course at Manchester Dental School. A system based on class tests and previous end-of-year performance is derived which is used to predict those students likely to fail or fall in the bottom 20-25% in their finals examination. The predictors are combined by a simple equal weights method, which is found to have the same predictive power as using multiple regression. Failure was correctly predicted in 60% of cases, at the expense of 71% false alarms. The high number of false alarms reflects the low failure rate rather than the lack of predictive information. The need for effective cross-validation of EWSs is discussed; many previous studies have not been tested on independent data.     

Determinants of hospital ethics committee success

In December 1990, an empirical study assessing hospital ethics committee (HEC) success was completed. Success was measured in terms of the number of interventions undertaken by the committees in four functional areas: education, guidelines development, prospective and retrospective case review. Some commonly quoted success determinants, such as multidisciplinarity, physician chairpersons, and a high institutional status of the chairperson were found not to foster success; the latter two, actually decreased committee success.     

Nutritional aspects of Acute Renal Failure

The patient with acute renal failure is a very ill patient suffering from high urea levels causing poor appetite, nausea and vomiting. These patients are usually treated with a low sodium, low protein and, if the potassium in the blood is high, with a low potassium diet (1). This paper discusses whether or not this is the correct treatment. The symptoms of high urea levels in the blood together with increased needs for energy and protein makes it very hard to prevent the patient becoming malnourished. Often energy‐enriched drinks are necessary to achieve recommendations and it is prudent to let the patient eat and drink what they desire. By calculating the energy and protein needs and comparing these with the intake and the state of illness and by following the patient's body weight over time we can obtain information about the state of nourishment. When we alter the food that's offered we achieve better intake and reduce the risk of malnourishment.     

Stress-induced changes in behavior and function of the neurohormonal systems in monkeys differing in social rank

Research Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy, Sukhumi. (Presented by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences B. A. Lapin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 11, pp. 457–459, November, 1992.     

大渔岛居民膳食结构及营养状况的调查与分析

对山东省荣成市石岛镇大渔岛村９１户３９８名散居渔民膳食结构及营养状况调查的结果表明：①蛋白质和热能人均摄入量占平均供给量的１１５．４％和１１２．２％，其它营养素除维生素Ｂ２占８３．３％以外均摄入较充足。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的热量构成比分别为１１．３％、２７．６％、６１．１％。②查体中未发现严重的营养缺乏症。③体重指数超过正常者占１３．２％。④体重指数与收缩压、舒张压经相关回归分析，呈显著相关。⑤大渔岛居民头发锌含量高于泰安农民，铜、铁含量低于泰安农民。