Trimellitic anhydride-induced airway syndromes: Clinical and immunologic studies

This report describes a spectrum of respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to trimellitic anhydride (TMA), a biologically reactive chemical used in the plastics industry. Fourteen workers who had worked on a unit which synthesized TMA were evaluated by clinical and immunologic methods. Respiratory syndromes induced by TMA inhalation included asthma and rhinitis of the immediate type, late onset asthma with systemic symptoms, and airway irritation. TMA was shown to couple rapidly to human serum albumin, forming an immunoreactive hapten-protein complex. The workers' immunologic reactivity to this complex could be quantitated and correlated with the three respiratory syndromes. The asthma-rhinitis syndrome was mediated by IgE antibody specific for the TMA hapten. The syndrome of late onset asthma with systemic symptoms was accompanied by elevated levels of TMA-specific IgG antibody. Rheumatoid factor in high titer was found in one worker with IgE-mediated asthma and in two workers with asthma of late onset. Lymphocyte reactivity of TMA-HSA was demonstrated in three workers representative of the three clinical syndromes. Leukocyte histamine release was demonstrated to TMA-HSA in one worker with high levels of IgE antibody specific for TMA-HSA who had severe symptoms of acute rhinitis and asthma.     

Cytotoxicity of ionophore A23187 for basophils and other human blood cells.

The calcium ionophore A23187(A23) at concentrations exceeding 1 microgram/ml has been shown to be progressively cytotoxic for human blood basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes. Toxicity to basophils was considered to be manifested by the increasing inability of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) to inhibit histamine release (HR) at increasing concentrations of A23. The toxicity to neutrophils and lymphocytes was demonstrated by decreased lactate production (LP) after incubation with A23 of Ficoll-Hypaque fractions greatly enriched in each respective cell type. Red cells present in dextran-sedimented leukocytes were increasingly susceptible to lysis during washing subsequent to exposure to increasing concentrations of A23. A concentration of 4 microgram A23/ml, which is cytotoxic at 37 degrees C, produced optimal and noncytotoxic HR at 22 degrees C. It was possible to reduce A23 concentrations required for optimal HR by increasing Ca++ from 0.6 to 3 mM.     

Long-term corticosteroid effect on lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear cell function in asthmatics

The effect of long-term alternate-day steroid administration on lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) functions was studied in 10 steroid-dependent adult asthmatic patients. The duration of alternate-day prednisone usage ranged from 3 to 12 yr with an average of 6.7 ± 3.6 yr. Maintenance steroid dosage at the time of study ranged from 20 to 50 mg on alternate days, averaging 31 ± 8 mg. Prednisone caused marked lymphopenia, suppression of phytohemagglutin (PHA) lymphocyte transformation and PMN adherence 4 hr after ingestion. By 24 hr these measurements returned to normal or higher. These effects appeared at all doses between 20 and 50 mg of prednisone. In contrast, there was no statistically significant suppression of the total leukocyte count, total and active erythrocyte (E) rosette-forming lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin concentrations, polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) phagocytosis, or delayed skin reactivity. We conclude that the acute effects of prednisone on lymphocyte and PMN function are transient and return to normal levels by 24 hr. The continued administration of beclomethasone dipropionate by inhalation did not interfere with the recovery of the transient leukocyte abnormalities induced by oral prednisone.     

科技期刊关联数据开放共享及出版政策研究

【目的】 搭建一个适合我国科技期刊关联数据出版的框架,为科技期刊制订关联数据开放共享及出版政策提供参考。【方法】 通过文献分析和网络调研方法,对国内外出版机构及科技期刊在关联数据出版方面的政策进行跟踪调研,并基于数据FAIR原则,分别从数据的可发现、可获取、可互操作和可重用4个维度进行具体分析,明确科技期刊关联数据出版的要素。【结果】 结合我国科技期刊发展现状及规划,通过共享分级并将数据出版要素纳入其中,提出符合国际数据共享政策、面向我国科技期刊的关联数据出版通用数据政策框架。【结论】 所提出的期刊关联数据共享分级策略,可为不同期刊数据政策的制订提供参考。     

科技期刊提升学术服务能力的方法及实践——以《中国电机工程学报》为例

【目的】 在全面推进“中国科技期刊卓越行动计划”实施的背景下,探索科技期刊提升学术服务能力的有效方法。通过提升卓越期刊的学术服务能力,使其为科技创新及学术交流提供多元化的支撑。【方法】 以《中国电机工程学报》为例,采用方法创新与实践相结合的形式,对提升学术服务能力的方法进行深入挖掘并积极开展实践。【结果】 根据不同的期刊服务对象有针对性地实施新举措,使得期刊学术服务的深度及广度不断延伸,服务能力显著提升。【结论】 培养卓越的学术服务能力是“中国科技期刊卓越行动计划”资助期刊建设的重要内容。采用有效的方法可以使期刊学术服务能力得到快速提升,所提出的方法及办刊实践可为同行提供参考与借鉴。     

中国社区老年人营养风险检出率的Meta分析

目的 系统评价中国社区老年人营养风险检出率。方法 计算机检索CNKI、CBM、WanFang Data、VIP、PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL数据库有关于中国社区老年人营养状况的研究,检索时限均为2000年1月1日至2021年9月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并对纳入研究进行偏倚风险评价后,采用Stata 14.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入47个研究,包含47508例老年人,共16923例老年人检出营养风险。Meta分析结果显示,中国社区老年人的营养风险检出率为36.6%［95%CI(30.4%~42.8%)］。亚组分析结果显示,女性44.6%［95%CI(32.4%~56.9%)］、高龄46.8%［95%CI(31.0%~62.5%)］、低文化程度54.8%［95%CI(40.8%~68.8%)］、独居49.7%［95%CI(38.7%~60.6%)］、伴慢性疾病39.0%［95%CI(31.1%~46.8%)］、居住地农村51.8%［95%CI(30.3%~73.4%)］、华中地区56.7%［95%CI(27.5%~85.9%)］、ADL受损70.6%［95%CI(57.0%~84.1%)］、认知功能障碍62.6%［95%CI(38.8%~86.5%)］和衰弱52.6%［95%CI(31.7%~73.6%)］的社区老年人营养风险检出率更高。结论 当前证据显示,我国社区居家老年人营养风险检出率较高,针对检出率较高的特征人群应尽早进行筛查、诊断和干预,减少社区老年人营养风险的发生。     

我国中年与老年女性抑郁倾向及影响因素的比较分析

目的 比较分析我国中年和老年女性抑郁倾向及影响因素的差异性,为有针对性的改善中年与老年女性群体的心理健康水平提供参考。方法 选取中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据,以45～59岁中年女性和≥60岁老年女性为研究对象,采用流行病调查中心抑郁量表(CES-D)评估其抑郁倾向。中年和老年女性抑郁倾向的比较采用均值检验,使用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)对中年和老年女性进行匹配后,进一步探索其组间的差异,采用稳健Tobit回归模型探究抑郁倾向的影响因素。结果 7 964例中老年女性的CES-D评分为(9.53±6.86)分。其中,中年女性、老年女性CES-D评分分别为(9.13±6.62)分、(9.96±7.09)分,老年女性的抑郁倾向评分高于中年女性(t=-5.361,P<0.001)。稳健Tobit回归结果显示,文化程度、居住地、健康自评、身体残疾、慢性病、因身体疼痛而苦恼、BADL受损、IADL受损、是否与配偶或同居者一起生活、家庭成员数量、现有负债、地带分布是中年和老年女性抑郁倾向共同的影响因素。年龄及其二次项、子女数量、有无农业自雇以外的工作是中年女性抑郁倾向的影响因素; 每月来看望1次及以上的子女数量、是否照顾孙子女、是否有社交活动、是否上网、是否退休是老年女性抑郁倾向的影响因素。结论 我国老年女性的抑郁倾向较中年女性明显,且影响因素存在差异性。应针对不同人群特征,提供更有针对性的预防策略,促进中年和老年女性心理健康良性发展。     

华中地区省会城市青春期青少年体脂率状况及其与血压的关联

目的 了解华中地区青春期青少年体脂率状况以及与血压之间存在的关联关系,为该地区青少年心血管疾病的早期预防提供参考和借鉴。方法 2 019年4—6月在河南、湖南、湖北三省省会城市的15所中学对4 846名初中学生进行生物电阻抗（BIA）的身体脂肪测试和问卷调查及血压测试,通过t检验、χ2检验和logistic回归分析等方法分析体脂肪率与血压偏高之间存在的关联关系。结果 华中地区省会城市青春期青少年血压偏高检出率为10.96%。男生血压偏高检出率为8.96%,女生为13.12%,差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 21.48,P＜0.01）。不同城乡、年龄、BMI和是否遗精/月经青少年血压偏高检出率存在显著差异（χ2 = 7.28、86.98、178.68、45.76,P＜0.01）。青春期青少年体脂率平均为（23.14±9.26）,其中男生为（21.02±10.86）,女生为（25.25±8.13）,差异存在统计学意义（t值 = - 15.248,P＜0.01）。Logistic回归分析显示,与男生体脂率＜P 25者相比较,P25～＜P50、P50～＜P75、P75～＜P90、≥P90者患血压偏高的比例是其3.14（OR值95%CI = 1.76～5.52）、4.05（OR值95%CI = 2.31～7.01）、6.33（OR值95%CI = 3.55～11.17）、12.44（OR值95%CI = 6.97～22.13）倍（P＜0.01）;与女生体脂率＜P 25者相比较,P50～＜P75、P75～＜P90、≥P90者患血压偏高的比例是其2.25（OR值95%CI = 1.45～3.45）、3.29（OR值95%CI = 2.09～5.12）、6.14（OR值95%CI = 3.88～9.64）倍（P＜0.01）。结论 华中地区省会城市青春期青少年体脂率与血压偏高之间存在显著正相关关系,男生关联关系大于女生,今后应保持合理的体脂率,以预防血压偏高的发生。