多发颈椎不连综合征的影像学特点与外科诊疗策略

【摘要】 目的：分析多发颈椎不连综合征（multilevel cervical disconnection syndrome,MCDS）的影像学特点及外科诊疗策略。方法：2004年3月~2021年6月,我院收治MCDS患者共7例,男性3例,女性4例;年龄5~46岁（中位年龄12岁）。7例MCDS患者中,平均椎体发育不良节段数3.6±1.3个节段,平均椎弓不连节段数5.7±1.5个节段,局部后凸角平均-92.2°±20.2°,C2-7 Cobb角平均-68.6°±31.0°,T1倾斜角（T1 slope,T1S）平均-12.5°±12.5°,后凸顶点位于C4节段1例,C5节段5例,T1节段1例;术前改良日本骨科学会评分（mJOA评分）8.5~14分（平均12.6±2.1分）,其中1例患者伴有吞咽困难。记录患者预矫形方式及手术方式,入院时、预矫形后、术后及末次随访影像学参数,神经功能及并发症。结果：1例术前接受颅骨牵引,3例接受平衡悬吊牵引,3例接受联合牵引,经术前牵引预矫形后,局部后凸角矫正率为60.8%。1例接受手术松解、Halo-vest外固定治疗,1例接受前路矫形内固定手术,1例接受后路矫形固定融合术,4例接受前-后联合手术治疗,手术固定6.0±2.1个节段,2例患者出现术后神经系统并发症,接受翻修手术。术后随访时间6~84个月（41.2±32.0个月）,末次随访局部后凸角平均-27.9°±11.6°,矫正率69.7%,C2-7 Cobb角平均-13.3°±28.4°,T1S平均4.9°±17.9°;术后mJOA评分10.5~17分（15.7±2.3分）,改善率78.3%。对比手术前后临床及影像学指标,mJOA评分、C2-7后凸角、局部后凸角及T1S有统计学差异。结论：MCDS影像学上主要表现为前方椎体发育不良伴多节段椎弓不连,继发严重后凸畸形。治疗策略可采取术前牵引预矫形并前路多节段椎体切除重建、后路长节段固定融合。     

腰椎椎间盘退行性变动物模型建立方法的研究进展

腰痛是目前全球首位致残疾病,给患者、家庭和社会造成极大的痛苦和沉重的负担.与增龄有关的椎间盘退行性变(IDD)是腰痛的最主要原因.随着工作与生活节奏的加快,IDD 呈现年轻化的趋势.建立符合IDD 规律、成功率高、可重复性好、操作简单、成本低且适合医学研究的IDD 动物模型,对明确腰椎IDD 的发生机制及开展防治工作具有一定意义.目前的腰椎IDD 动物模型大致可分为自发模型、损伤模型和生物力学模型等,本文依据以上分类作如下综述.     

A simple scoring system to estimate perioperative mortality following liver resection for primary liver malignancy—the Hepatectomy Risk Score (HeRS)

BackgroundSelection of the optimal treatment modality for primary liver cancers remains complex, balancing patient condition, liver function, and extent of disease. In individuals with preserved liver function, liver resection remains the primary approach for treatment with curative intent but may be associated with significant mortality. The purpose of this study was to establish a simple scoring system based on Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) and extent of resection to guide risk assessment for liver resections.MethodsThe 2005–2015 NSQIP database was queried for patients undergoing liver resection for primary liver malignancy. We first developed a model that incorporated the extent of resection (1 point for major hepatectomy) and a MELD-Na score category of low (MELD-Na =6, 1 point), medium (MELD-Na =7–10, 2 points) or high (MELD-Na >10, 3 points) with a score range of 1–4, called the Hepatic Resection Risk Score (HeRS). We tested the predictive value of this model on the dataset using logistic regression. We next developed an optimal multivariable model using backwards sequential selection of variables under logistic regression. We performed K-fold cross validation on both models. Receiver operating characteristics were plotted and the optimal sensitivity and specificity for each model were calculated to obtain positive and negative predictive values.ResultsA total of 4,510 patients were included. HeRS was associated with increased odds of 30-day mortality [HeRS =2: OR =3.23 (1.16–8.99), P=0.025; HeRS =3: OR =6.54 (2.39–17.90), P<0.001; HeRS =4: OR =13.69 (4.90–38.22), P<0.001]. The AUC for this model was 0.66. The AUC for the optimal multivariable model was higher at 0.76. Under K-fold cross validation, the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of these two models were similar at PPV =6.4% and NPV =97.7% for the HeRS only model and PPV =8.4% and NPV =98.1% for the optimal multivariable model.ConclusionsThe HeRS offers a simple heuristic for estimating 30-day mortality after resection of primary liver malignancy. More complicated models offer better performance but at the expense of being more difficult to integrate into clinical practice.     

Protocolo del Estudio Poblacional Multinivel de las Desigualdades Socioeconómicas en la Distribución Geográfica de la Incidencia,la Mortalidad y la Supervivencia Neta del Cáncer en España: Estudio DESOCANES

Incidence and mortality provide information on the burden of cancer morbidity and the potential years of life lost due to cancer. The Spanish Deprivation Index (SDI) has been developed as a standardized measure to study socioeconomic deprivation in Spain at the census tract level. In addition, SDI information can be combined with ecological variables at the population level and data from the High-Resolution European Studies in Cancer. The aim of this study is to characterize socioeconomic inequalities in incidence, excess mortality, premature mortality and net survival for three of the most incident cancers (lung, colon-rectum and breast) in Spain using the SDI. This national population-based study will assess the impact of socioeconomic inequalities using a multilevel modelling approach. Spatial analysis, multilevel modeling, net survival and economic impact assessment will be used. The results will be useful for supporting decision-making, planning, and management of public health interventions aimed at reducing the impact of socioeconomic inequalities in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients in Spain.     

基于GMCR-AHP的床位资源利用冲突分析

目的分析我国床位资源优化利用过程中涉及的各主体之间的利益关系,为解决床位资源供求失衡、利用倒置问题提供参考建议。方法利用冲突分析图模型(Graph Model for Conflict Resolution,GMCR)和层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP),构建GMCR-AHP模型,分析优化床位资源利用过程中有关利益主体之间的矛盾冲突,探讨均衡各方利益的全局稳定状态。结果冲突模型均衡解为YNNYNYYN,即当政府推行分级诊疗并对医院进行政策约束、大医院依靠医联体组织、基层医院积极加入医疗联合体并提高医疗服务质量、患者合理就医时,有利于解决医疗机构床位利用不足和过度利用的极端化问题。结论为缓解床位资源合理利用中的各方利益冲突,政府应该对大医院收治住院患者给予一定的政策约束,各级医院充分发挥联动互助作用,提升整体卫生服务质量,同时积极发展基层医疗卫生服务,提高基层医院公信力。     

多水平模型分析2015年湖北省成人基于屏幕久坐时间现状及其影响因素

目的 了解湖北省成人业余基于屏幕久坐时间的现状及其影响因素,为制定相关干预措施提供参考依据。方法 采用描述统计和多水平模型分析湖北省2015年多阶段随机整群抽样问卷调查数据,针对湖北省6031名成年人业余基于屏幕久坐行为的情况进行分析。结果 调查对象平均年龄为（52.4±14.2）岁,花费在屏幕上的平均时间为（177.3±136.9）分钟/天。>65岁和身体活动水平较高参与者在闲暇时间使用屏幕的时间比其他年龄组和身体活动水平中下的参与者少;大专及以上学历、未工作、在吸烟、超重参与者屏幕使用时间更多。结论 目前的结论表明,在所有人群中,特别是年轻人、失业者、高学历、身体活动水平较低以及超重者中,有必要采取措施来减少基于屏幕久坐不动的行为。     

基于螺旋CT构建人体骨盆三维有限元模型

目的 利用作者所在研究所自行开发的两种图像处理软件GETCT和MedGraphics，构建骨盆三维有限元模型。方法 CT图像处理、截面轮廓线信息处理、数字有限元分析。结果 准确快速的建立了人体骨盆的三维有限元模型。结论 利用上述两种软件以及一些现有的软件可以准确，快速地构建人体骨盆的三维有限元模型，并进行计算。有限元分析结果表明该方法可用于构建骨盆有限元模型。     

Gastric cancer etiology: a biochemical hypothesis.

We have proposed a two-stage biochemical model for the etiology of "intestinal" gastric cancer. The model postulates that the gastric mucosal barrier is biochemically pierced as a result of chemical interactions between the mucoproteins and mucopolysaccharides of the barrier and ingested polysaccharrides (starches). This would allow the growth of gastric flora which could produce carcinogenic nitrosamines and/or nitrosamides. Observational and experimental evidence in favor of the model is provided. The model suggests various research initiatives, the results of which might provide the basis for biochemical and physiological methods for the prevention and/or treatment of gastric cancer. Various ways in which the model may be tested are also noted.     

恒温恒压电烫仪建立小鼠烫伤模型的实验研究

目的：寻求理想的建立小鼠不同深度烫伤模型的方法。方法：研制了恒温恒压电烫仪,分别以80度,0．5kg,2cm为统一的致伤温度,致伤压力,致伤直径,同时严格控制其他各个因素,以致伤时间为唯一可变因素,通过改变致伤时间,在小鼠背部建立不同深度的烫伤模型,并于烫伤后即时,4h,12,24h和48h取材病检。结果：建立浅II度,深II度及III度烫伤创面模型的致伤时间分别为5s,8s和12s;汤伤创面深度随病程逐渐加深,直至伤后24h才稳定,伤后48h的组织学改变类似伤后24h,结论：烫伤创面深度应以伤后24h创面深度稳定后的深度为诊断标准,本方法操作简单,所建模型稳定,重复性好,不失为一种建立小鼠不同深度烫伤模型的较为理想的方法。     

用钳夹法制作心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型的研究

目的:了解用无创伤动脉夹钳夹冠状动脉制作心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型的效果.方法:用无创伤动脉夹钳夹冠状动脉制作心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型37例.结果:此法的血流阻断的成功率及血管再通的成功率均是100%,血管损伤并发症发生率占5.4%(2/37).结论:钳夹法制作心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型的成功率及血管再通的成功率均为100%.而血管损伤并发症发生率低,钳夹法是一制作心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型的较好方法.