Cumulative life stress in chronic fatigue syndrome

We studied the impact of cumulative life stress on CFS in a population-based study. We found that exposure to stressors was significantly more common in persons with CFS compared to NF controls; those with CFS reported experiencing significantly higher levels of psychological distress. Also, post-traumatic stress disorder was significantly more common in people with CFS. These results not only corroborate findings from other studies but, importantly, extend those by: a) measuring a comprehensive spectrum of stress variables, b) for the first time presenting data on stress in a population-based study, thus minimizing the effects of recruitment bias, and c) diagnosing CFS by means of standardized, validated scales, thus allowing replication and extension of our findings. Stress may be an important factor in the pathophysiology of CFS. Consequently, future studies should provide a more detailed understanding of the processes that lead from stress to CFS using longitudinal designs.     

Quality of life and cognitive dysfunction in people with schizophrenia

The main purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Subjects were 61 stabilized outpatients. Quality of life and cognitive function were assessed using the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), respectively. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). The BACS composite score and the BACS Verbal memory score were positively correlated with the QLS total score and two subscales. The BACS Attention and speed of information processing score had positive correlation with the QLS total and all the subscales scores. The PANSS Positive and Negative syndrome scores also had significant correlations with the QLS total score and all of the subscales. In addition, the CDSS score was negatively correlated with the QLS total score and some of the subscales. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the BACS Attention and speed of information processing score was an independent predictor of the QLS total score but it was less associated with the QLS than the PANSS Negative syndrome score and the CDSS score. The results suggest that negative and depressive symptoms are important factors on patients' QOL and also support the view that cognitive performance provides a determinant of QOL in patients with schizophrenia.     

Add-on of aripiprazole improves outcome in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia

Although clozapine proved effective in treating 30-50% of the cases of resistant schizophrenia, its clinical use is hampered by significant side effects. To overcome this problem, augmentation with other atypical antipsychotics has been attempted, with conflicting results. A clozapine-aripiprazole combination showed interesting properties, due to the favourable complementary pharmacodynamic receptor profile and to the negligible metabolic interactions. In this retrospective case series, we investigated the change in BPRS scores and metabolic features like BMI, fasting glucose, total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, functional outcome HoNOS Rome and PSP scores after aripiprazole augmentation in 16 persons with treatment-resistant schizophrenia who were already treated with clozapine. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in metabolic indices, psychopathology and functional outcome measures from baseline to endpoint (6 weeks) after augmentation with aripiprazole. Statistically significant correlations were observed between psychopathological and behavioural measures at baseline and at endpoint. Linear regression analysis defined a tripartite model, in which item HoNOS Rome 11, measuring autonomy in everyday life, explained nearly half of functional outcome PSP score predictive variance, together with BPRS total psychopathology score and HoNOS Rome total social functioning score. Adequately conducted randomised double-blind studies should provide further specific data highlighting the role of a clozapine-aripiprazole combination in improving functional outcome of persons with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.     

《灵枢·天年》的探讨

人自出生至死亡,健康状态与寿命长短因人而异。《灵枢·天年》对人体生命形成的起始条件、寿天不同的原因、百岁人生各年龄阶段的生理特点,都提出了简明的论述,强调“母基”、“父檐”、“得神”、“营身之事,各各无失,守常不已”等,对现代的优生与养生仍有重要的指导意义。深入探讨本篇经文的精神,可以加强对中医生理学的理解和实际应用。     

交通频繁肇事驾驶员心理健康状况及其与生活事件、人格的关系

目的 明确频繁肇事驾驶员的心理健康状况及其与生活事件、人格的关系.方法 采取分层整群抽样抽取870名机动车驾驶员,并从中选出620名符合研究条件的驾驶员,采用自制一般情况调查表、生活事件量表、90项症状自评量表及艾森克人格问卷对其进行测试评估.结果 (1)频繁肇事驾驶员在SCL-90的总分及各因子分明显高于非肇事驾驶员[分别为(65.17±39.68)分,(18.65±13.85)分,(9.24±5.44)分,(3.48±2.84)分,(6.96±4.81)分,(1.83±2.11)分,(10.19±7.19)分,(2.53±2.74)分,(7.00±4.96)分,(1.48±1.77)分,(4.68±3.66)分,(1.24±1.48)分,(3.51±3.58)分,(0.62±1.29)分,(3.84±3.36)分,(1.00±1.33)分,(5.34±4.17)分,(1.27±1.72)分,(8.93±6.54)分,(2.96±2.97)分,(6.08±4.81)分,(2.11±2.18)分],均差异具有显著性(P＜0.01);(2)相关分析显示频繁肇事驾驶员SCL-90总分与生活事件量表中各因子及艾森克人格问卷中除掩饰性外的各因子均呈有统计学意义的正相关(r=0.146～0.393,P＜0.05);(3)回归分析显示生活事件和人格各因子对SCL-90总分及各因子影响不同,负性生活事件对频繁肇事驾驶员SCL-90总分最具预测性.结论 频繁肇事驾驶员存在较多心理问题,生活事件和人格中的情绪和精神质因子是影响其心理健康的重要因素.     

地震灾区大学生生命价值观与自杀态度的调查分析

目的 了解震后灾区大学生对待生命的态度.方法 采用生命价值观问卷(LVS)、自杀态度问卷(QSA)对灾区166名大学生进行调查.结果 ①生命价值观各维度上,男生生存价值和精神价值[分别为(1.85±0.57)分,(1.73±0.55)分]高于女生[分别为(1.66±0.43)分,(1.54±0.40)分],男生[(2.59±0.46)分]工具价值低于女生[(2.76±0.51)分],差异具有显著性(P<0.05).超越价值在年级上存在显著差异(F=3.710,P<0.05).自杀态度各维度上,男生[(3.01±0.51)分]在自杀行为性质的认识上得分低于女生[(3.28±0.51)分],差异具有显著性(t=3.110,P<0.05),对自杀者家属的态度在性别[男女分别为(2.67±0.37)分,(2.50±0.37)分]、地区[城乡分别为(2.48±0.36)分,(2.61±0.38)分]上存在显著差异(P<0.05),对安乐死的态度在性别[男女分别为(2.61±0.71)分,(2.86±0.73)分]、年级(F=3.357,P<0.05)、专业[文理科分别为(2.94±0.65)分,(2.64±0.76)分]上存在显著差异(P<0.05).②回归分析发现社会价值取向对对自杀行为性质的认识有显著回归效应,个人价值和工具价值取向对对自杀者家属的态度有显著回归效应,生命价值观总分对对自杀行为性质的认识和对自杀者家属的态度有显著回归效应.结论 生命价值观可以预测灾区大学生的自杀态度,心理工作者要加强灾区大学生的生命教育,提高其生命质量.     

Effect of Liandouqingmai Recipe on life quality and vascular endothelial injury in patients with coronary heart disease

Objective

To observe the effects of Liandouqingmai Recipe on life quality and vascular endothelial injury in patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods

Capitalized 101 patients with coronary heart disease were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=45) treated with Liandouqingmai Recipe and a standard treatment group (control group, n=56). A normal group of 16 healthy persons was additionally set up. Changes in ET-1 and NO levels were measured and Seatle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) was adopted in studying life quality before and after treatment for two weeks. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 statistic software.

Results

The average level of ET-1 in the normal group was lower and NO higher than that of patients with coronary heart disease. There was no significant difference in the average level of ET-1 and NO and in the scores of SAQ [physical limitation (PL), pngina stability (AS), apngina frequency (AF), treatment satisfaction (TS) and disease perception (DP)] between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). But after treatment, the scores of SAQ (PL, AS, AF, TS, DP) and NO level were higher than those in the control group, and ET-1 average level in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group. The negative relations between PL and ET-1 and between AF and ET-1 were found in this study.

Conclusion

Liandouqingmai Recipe can raise scores of SAQ and NO level and decline ET level in patients with coronary heart disease on the basis of convertional standard treatment, thus improving vascular endothelial function and life quality. Life quality is related to vascular endothelial function.     

醒脑开窍针法对脑外伤患者认知功能和日常生活能力的影响

目的：观察醒脑开窍针法对脑外伤（TB）I患者认知功能和日常生活能力影响。方法：将60例TBI认知功能障碍患者随机分为观察组（规范化醒脑开窍针法）、对照组（非规范化的醒脑开窍针法）。治疗前后分别采用神经行为认知状态检查表（NCSE）和改良的Barthel指数评定法（MB）I来评定2组患者的认知功能和日常生活能力。结果：观察组治疗前后比较,在定向能力、专注能力、复述能力、记忆能力、命名能力、计算能力方面上,差异有非常显著性或显著性意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;对照组治疗前后比较,在定向能力、复述能力方面上,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;治疗后2组间比较,在专注能力、定向能力、复述能力、记忆能力方面上,差异有非常显著性或显著性意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。2组MBI治疗前后比较,差异均有非常显著性意义（P〈0.01）;治疗后2组间MBI比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论：规范化的醒脑开窍针法能更有效地改善脑外伤后认知功能和日常生活能力。     

中西医结合治疗216例哮喘儿童的临床效果与生活质量评价

目的对中西医结合治疗支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）患儿临床疗效与生活质量进行评价,并以单纯西医治疗为对照,探讨哮喘中西医结合治疗的优势。方法在GINA方案的基础上将444例哮喘患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组加用中药汤剂及穴位贴敷,总疗程2年,观察两组治疗前后临床疗效指标及生活质量变化。结果在改善肺功能、减少呼吸道感染次数方面,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,观察组优于对照组。观察组在住院率、急诊率、缺课率（节）、心理障碍率、运动受限率等方面优于对照组,P〈0．01,提高哮喘患儿生活质量方面优于对照组。结论中西医结合治疗小儿哮喘能显著改善哮喘患儿临床症状及肺功能,具有较好的远期疗效,并能显著提高哮喘患儿的生活质量。