泰安市流行性出血热(EHF)发病季节和人群分布

在这篇文章中,应用圆形分布法计算了泰安市1984—1985两年流行出血热的发病平均日期,分别为1984年11月5号和1985年11月11号,两年合计的平均发病日期为11月9号。另外,还分析了发病的年龄和职业。这将为预防工作提供准确的科学数据。     

Physiological pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of (+/-)-verapamil in female rats

Tissue distribution and pharmacodynamics of verapamil were evaluated during steady state intravenous (i.v.) infusion and after single dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) drug administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats. In one group of rats, verapamil was infused to a steady state concentration at which time animals were killed. Verapamil-induced decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored during infusion and correlated with concomitantly obtained plasma verapamil concentrations. Tissue (lung, liver, renal medulla, renal cortex, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, perirenal fat, brain stem, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum) and plasma samples were obtained immediately after animals were killed and verapamil and norverapamil concentrations determined. Another group of rats, after receiving i.p. verapamil, were killed at 1, 3, 5, 19, and 24 h. Elimination from each tissue evaluated was described by a first order process. Elimination half-life of verapamil was similar among plasma and tissues evaluated (1.5 to 2.2 h). The per cent verapamil not bound to plasma proteins was concentration-independent and similar between rats receiving i.p. (mean +/- S.D.) (2.28 +/- 0.72 per cent) and i.v. (2.08 +/- 0.03 per cent) verapamil. MAP and verapamil concentration in plasma (r = 0.75; p less than 0.01) and cardiac muscle (r = -0.82; p less than 0.01) were inversely correlated in a highly significant fashion during both i.v. and i.p. drug administrations. The tissue-to-plasma distribution ratio for verapamil and norverapamil was similar among animals receiving i.p. verapamil at all points of sampling, suggesting distribution equilibrium had been achieved. After steady state i.v. infusion, both verapamil and norverapamil tissue: plasma concentration ratios were greater than after i.p. administration. Higher tissue: plasma verapamil concentration ratios after i.v. administration than after i.p. administration suggest either only a pseudoequilibrium is attained after i.p. administration or that determinants of tissue distribution of racemic verapamil differ with different routes of drug administration. In these studies, MAP provided a reasonable pharmacodynamic marker for verapamil tissue and plasma concentrations.     

A study of a method for distribution analysis of skin color

Background/aims: The objective and quantitative assessment of the skin is important in medical and cosmeceutical research. Assessment of color is an important element for analyzing the surface of the skin, which is usually determined subjectively by a doctor or using color analysis devices. These devices, however, cannot provide correct color information because color is construed from the mean value of the observation region, and analysis of color distribution is impossible. The purpose of this paper is to develop an objective analysis method to permit skin color measurement of each pixel unit of an image and analyze the distribution of skin surface color. Methods: The Skin Color Distribution Analyzer (SCDA) is an analysis method newly developed at the Research Institute for Skin Image at Korea University. The SCDA system presented in this paper performed a novel form of quantitative and objective analysis of skin color distribution using each pixel color model parameter found in image wavelength information. In this paper, distribution analysis was conducted on normal skin and skin lesions and skin affected by artificially induced irritant contact dermatitis and pigmented nevous. The method selected a grade using a color model parameter. Twenty healthy Korean males participated in this study. A comparative study of the eight anatomical areas was performed, including the exposure and non‐exposure parts and the medial aspect and the lateral aspect of the forearm. A reliability test for the SCDA system was also conducted with a spectrometer (SPEC) using the color analysis method. Results: Each skin lesion was precisely segmented by grade and each parameter hada different statistical significance for results of analysis of distribution in pigmented nevous and the artificially induced irritant contact dermatitis. Parameters L^*, b^*, a^*, and EI showed salient traits. Showed resemble measured result in the SCDA system and the SPEC of normal skin. The exposed site, in comparison with the non‐exposed site, showed a notable difference in the L^* parameter and a significant statistical difference in the x and z parameters, except b^*. The comparison of the medial and lateral aspects of the forearm showed a notable difference in the L^* parameter and a significant statistical difference in the parameters except y and b^*. In the reliability test result using the SCDA system and the SPEC, the SCDA system was highly reliabile in terms of the CV value in all color model parameters. Conclusions: The color distribution analysis method using the SCDA system has revealed an aspect that the existent method of medical research has not shown, and is considered to be more reliable than other methods. This method can provide better study findings because it can be applied to other fields in addition to the medical science field and the ripple effect is thought to be bigger in other science field too.     

Parental education and children's online health information seeking: Beyond the digital divide debate

Research has shown that increasing numbers of teenagers are going online to find health information, but it is unclear whether there are disparities in the prevalence of online health seeking among young Internet users associated with social and economic conditions. Existing literature on Internet uses by adults indicates that low income, less educated, and minority individuals are less likely to be online health seekers. Based on the analysis of data from the Pew Internet and American Life Project for the US, this study finds that teens of low education parents are either as likely as or even more likely than teens of high education parents to seek online health information. Multiple regression analysis shows that the higher engagement in health seeking by teens of low education parents is related to a lower prevalence of parental Internet use, suggesting that some of these teens may be seeking online health information on behalf of their low education parents. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the issues of the digital divide and digital empowerment.     

某铜矿山巷道内气溶胶浓度与粒径分布的测量和分析

目的 定性了解矿山巷道内气溶胶的浓度和粒径分布特性。方法 在巷道内的不同区间,分别用凝结核颗粒计数器和个人气溶胶测量仪巡测气溶胶的粒子数和质量浓度,并通过质量浓度的分级测量定性评价微米级气溶胶的粒径分布;在调度室内外,用金属丝网筛扩散法测量亚微米级气溶胶的粒径分布。结果 巷道内可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的平均质量浓度为0.42 mg/m³,其量值大小因工作断面而异,且受人工活动影响变化较大;巷道内粒径大于1.0 μm的颗粒物广泛存在,而粒子直径小于5 nm的气溶胶基本上未被检出。结论 矿山巷道内气溶胶特性因工作断面、人工活动和通风条件的不同而变化明显,在开展内照射剂量评价时应考虑粒径大于1.0 μm放射性气溶胶粒子的剂量贡献。     

Testing for familial aggregation of functional traits

In a genetic epidemiology study of a trait, prior to collecting genotype data the foremost task is to test for familial aggregation and examine heritability. Recently, functional traits have drawn attentions from investigators. Here, to test for familial aggregation of a functional trait in the family studies, a test constructed based on the leading functional principal component of heritability, which is a summary measure of temporal genetic variation in a functional trait, is proposed. The p‐value of the test can be approximated by a permutation procedure given the family structure. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is derived. Simulations are carried out to examine the size and the power of the test. The proposed methods are applied to the total cholesterol data in the Framingham Heart Study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PULMONARY BLOOD DISTRIBUTION AFTER TOTAL CAVOPULMONARY CONNECTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES

Objective. To assess the feature of pulmonary blood flow distribution after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) of different types, and to provide the selection of the best type .Methods. Thirty-two consecutive survival patients after TCPC underwent radionuclide lung perfusion imaging. According to the radionuclide counts in the left and right lungs, analyses of the distribution of blood flow from superior venous cava (SVC) and inferior venous cava (IVC) and the whole pulmonary blood flow in both lungs were made. All patients were divided into 4 groups by the the anastomosis between IVC and pulmonary artery.Results. Group Ⅰ: The flow ratio of the IVC to left lung was greater than that to the right lung , P≤0. 01; the flow ratio of the SVC to right lung was greater than that to the left lung, P≤0. 01; and the whole pulmonary blood flow went dominantly to the left lung, P≤0. 05, which is not in line with physiological distribution. Group Ⅱ: the flows from the SVC and IVC were mixed in the middle of     

求和自回归滑动平均模型结合圆分布法分析脑卒中死亡率动态规律

通过1999年1月至2006年12月天津市脑卒中逐月死亡率数据,应用圆分布法探讨脑卒中死亡率的季节分布,动态变化规律,建立监测与预测的时间序列模型.通过模型辨识、参数估计及其检验、白噪声检验、模型的拟合度分析等过程,建立求和自回归滑动平均模型(ARIMA)的季节乘积模型(P,d,q)(P,D,Q)s.脑卒中死亡率以年为周期,一年中1月为高发月份.建立ARIMA(0,1,0)×(0,1,1)12:模型:(1-B)(1-B12)lnx1=0.001+(1-0.537B12)εt.结论:ARIMA乘积模型结合圆分布法是对脑卒中死亡率进行时间序列分析的重要方法;应用该方法可对脑卒中流行趋势及死亡率进行预测,为卫生资源合理分配、公共卫生政策计划制定和防治结果考核提供科学依据.     

荧光分光光度法检测半乳糖化白蛋白磁性阿霉素纳米粒在大鼠体内分布的研究

目的观察由半乳糖化白蛋白磁性纳米粒运载的阿霉素经舌静脉给药后在大鼠体内的的分布状况.方法全部大鼠随机分为四组,经舌静脉,按分组分别注射相应药物,剂量均为阿霉素2.5 mg/kg体重.取全血、心、肺、肝、脾、肾.全血制成血浆,器官组织制成匀浆,盐酸乙醇法提取阿霉素,用荧光光度计测量.结果静脉注射同等剂量、不同剂型的阿霉素药物后,阿霉素在器官中的蓄积程度从高到低:肝:D靶肝＞D非靶肝、C＞B＞A;心脏、肾、血浆:A＞B＞D、C;脾:B＞A、C、D;肺:B＞A＞C、D.磁性阿霉素白蛋白纳米粒注入体内后,在心、肺、肝、脾、肾中的药物浓度在15～30min达峰值,而半乳糖化后,阿霉素的药物峰值提前到5 min或之前.外加磁场和未加磁场的半乳糖化白蛋白磁性阿霉素纳米粒组的药物靶向指数和药物选择指数是均高于磁性白蛋白纳米粒.结论磁性阿霉素白蛋白纳米粒经半乳糖化后,可显著增强阿霉素对肝脏的靶向性,并显著降低心、肺、脾、肾、血浆肝外器官的组织阿霉素浓度.利用外加磁场,可提高阿霉素在肝脏特定部位蓄积的能力.因此,静脉注射半乳糖化白蛋白磁性阿霉素纳米粒是可行的.     

Patient experience with, and use of, an electronic monitoring system to assess vaccination responses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the user experience and acceptability of an electronic patient monitoring system. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 822 Military and civilian personnel at a health clinic at a major US military headquarters used an Internet and telephone-based electronic monitoring system to report vaccination-site responses and symptoms after receiving the smallpox vaccination. Focus groups of vaccinees were conducted to help develop a survey about the experience that was distributed to 379 vaccinees (96% completion rate). RESULTS: Users of the electronic monitoring system reported that it was fast and easy to use and reported they would use a system like this again and recommend an electronic monitoring system to a friend or relative. Most users (84%) were comfortable with a physician tracking their vaccine reaction using their electronic reports, but only half (51%) were comfortable with eliminating the post-vaccination follow-up visit with their health-care provider based on their electronic reports. CONCLUSIONS: This electronic monitoring system was well received by vaccinees and allowed health-care providers to track the status of vaccinees. However, vaccinees were not comfortable replacing a physician visit with electronic monitoring, at least for the smallpox vaccination. A monitoring system like this may be useful in public health settings, such as mass vaccination or prophylaxis during a bioterrorism event, a pandemic influenza outbreak, or another public health emergency.