整合“转录组-基因调控网络”探讨白虎加桂枝汤君药石膏的性-效关联内涵

目的 从“性-效”关联角度,采用“转录组-基因调控网络”整合研究策略,系统评价白虎加桂枝汤君药石膏在全方“热者寒之”药效作用中的贡献度和贡献形式。方法 20只雄性Lewis大鼠随机分为4组,每组5只：正常组、佐剂诱导型关节炎（AIA）热证模型组、AIA热证+白虎加桂枝汤组（BHGZT,21.4 g·kg^-1）、AIA热证+白虎加桂枝汤去石膏拆方组（BHGZT-GYP,10.7 g·kg^-1）。利用热痹经典动物模型-AIA热证大鼠来源的转录组表达谱数据,通过“病证基因-药物效应靶标”相互作用网络挖掘,预测石膏在白虎加桂枝汤干预热痹的主要作用环节。基于AIA热证大鼠模型从受累关节情况、关节临床积分、肿胀度、关节表面温度、疼痛阈值、关节损伤等疾病严重指标和病证结合指标情况,以及体内“免疫-炎症”失衡调节层面进行整体验证,并基于体外3T3-L1前脂肪细胞开展体外成脂实验验证。结果 白虎加桂枝汤君药石膏在干预热痹中的主要作用环节是调节机体能量代谢的紊乱和矫正“免疫-炎症”的失衡。动物实验观察可见,白虎加桂枝汤及其去石膏拆方均可显著缓解AIA热证大鼠受累关节红肿、畸变和疼痛等症状（P<0.01）,并抑制受累膝/踝关节损伤、滑膜炎症、骨破坏等病理改变（P<0.05）,且全方作用明显优于去石膏拆方（P<0.05）。机制研究表明,白虎加桂枝汤及其去石膏拆方可显著抑制AIA热证大鼠的胸腺/脾脏损伤和内脏指数（P<0.05）,并降低TLR4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β及IL-18等炎症因子的表达（P<0.05）。体外3T3-L1前脂肪细胞实验表明,与去石膏拆方组相比,白虎加桂枝汤全方能够更加显著地抑制脂肪细胞成脂,且单纯石膏对脂滴含量的抑制作用显著增强,表明石膏在全方抑制成脂中的重要作用。结论 白虎加桂枝汤君药石膏在全方缓解热痹相关的能量代谢紊乱和矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡中发挥着重要作用,这与其寒药性及其清热泻火的作用特点密切相关。     

Prevalence of intellectual disability among eight-year-old children from selected communities in the United States, 2014

BackgroundChildren with intellectual disability (ID), characterized by impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, benefit from early identification and access to services. Previous U.S. estimates used administrative data or parent report with limited information for demographic subgroups.ObjectiveUsing empiric measures we examined ID characteristics among 8-year-old children and estimated prevalence by sex, race/ethnicity, geographic area and socioeconomic status (SES) area indicators.MethodsWe analyzed data for 8-year-old children in 9 geographic areas participating in the 2014 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Children with ID were identified through record review of IQ test data. Census and American Community Survey data were used to estimate the denominator.ResultsOverall, 11.8 per 1,000 (1.2%) had ID (IQ ≤ 70), of whom 39% (n = 998) also had autism spectrum disorder. Among children with ID, 1,823 had adaptive behavior test scores for which 64% were characterized as impaired. ID prevalence per 1,000 was 15.8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 15.0–16.5) among males and 7.7 (95% CI, 7.2–8.2) among females. ID prevalence was 17.7 (95% CI, 16.6–18.9) among children who were non-Hispanic black; 12.0 (95% CI, 11.1–13.0), among Hispanic; 8.6 (95% CI, 7.1–10.4), among non-Hispanic Asian; and 8.0 (95% CI, 7.5–8.6), among non-Hispanic white. Prevalence varied across geographic areas and was inversely associated with SES.ConclusionsID prevalence varied substantively among racial, ethnic, geographic, and SES groups. Results can inform strategies to enhance identification and improve access to services particularly for children who are minorities or living in areas with lower SES.     

Matching Special Olympics registration data with administrative health databases: Feasibility and health status differences in children and youth with IDD

BackgroundChildren and youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience health disparities. What is unknown is if data collected from children and youth with IDD who participate in Special Olympics is representative of children and youth with IDD who do not.ObjectivesAim 1: determine the feasibility of matching a database of registrants from Special Olympics Ontario (SOO), with population-based health services databases in Ontario, Canada housed at ICES. Aim 2: evaluate the differences between the database sources with regards to demographic variables and clinical status.MethodsUsing deterministic and probabilistic matching, registration data from SOO were matched to administrative health databases. Established algorithms were used to determine the prevalence of asthma, diabetes, and mental disorder in addition to demographic variables.ResultsThe matching rate was over 90%; 8404 were attributed to children and youth between the ages of 0–19 years. When comparing SOO participants with IDD to non-SOO participants with IDD, children and youth who participate in SOO were, on average, older with no further differences between groups on clinical or demographic variables. When comparing those previously not identified in the health services databases (from SOO) to those with IDD identified by ICES, the SOO participants appear to use the health system less, possibly indicating a better health status.ConclusionsResearch conducted on child and youth who participate in Special Olympics Ontario can be generalized to the broader population of children and youth with IDD in Canada when adjusted for age; however, care should be taken when comparing levels of overall morbidity.     

COVID-19 vaccine perceptions in New York State's intellectual and developmental disabilities community

BackgroundPeople with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at disproportionate risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, particularly those living in congregate care settings. Yet, there is limited data on vaccine perceptions in the disability community.ObjectiveTo explore COVID-19 vaccine perceptions in individuals with IDD, their family members, and those who work with them, to inform a statewide vaccine information and messaging project.MethodsA national survey, adapted in five languages for the IDD community, was distributed to a convenience sample of IDD organizations throughout New York State. Constructs included vaccine intention, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and trusted sources of vaccine information. Zip code data were used to map respondent location and vaccine preferences.ResultsOf n = 825 respondents, approximately 75% intended to or had received the vaccine across roles (i.e., people with developmental disabilities, family members, direct care workers) and racial/ethnic groups. Greater vaccine hesitancy was reported in younger individuals and those making decisions on behalf of a person with IDD. Concerns included side effects and the swiftness of vaccine development. Black and Hispanic participants had heightened concerns about being an “experiment” for the vaccine. Trusted sources of information included healthcare providers and family members. Respondents who intended to/received the vaccine were dispersed throughout the state.ConclusionsVaccine preferences in this New York State disability community sample align with national data. Identified concerns suggest the need for community education that addresses misperceptions. Age and race differences in perspectives highlight the need for tailored education, delivered by trusted messengers.     

用彩色M型多普勒测量舒张早期右室内血流传播速度评价右室舒张功能

目的 :探讨右室舒张早期血流传播速度评价心脏右室舒张功能的价值。方法 :应用彩色M型多普勒测量 6 5例正常人 ,80例高血压 ,30例冠心病患者的右室内舒张早期血流传播速度。同时用脉冲多普勒测量了三尖瓣口的血流速度频谱。结果 :正常人右室内血流传播速度分别是 (4 0 .5± 8.8)cm/s(4 0～岁 ) ,(37.92± 5 .45 )cm/s(5 0～岁 ) ,(36 .4± 4.6 )cm/s(6 0～岁 )。高血压和冠心病右室内血流传播速度分别为 (2 4.9± 8.9)cm/s和 (2 4.5± 7.2 )cm/s,比正常人明显降低 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :应用彩色M型多普勒测量的右室内血流传播速度能简便、准确地评价右室舒张功能     

特发性右室流出道室速的昼夜发作规律及临床意义

目的：探讨特发性右室流出道室速的昼夜发作规律及临床意义,方法：对12例特发性右室流出道室速患者在基础状态进行动态心电图（Holter)监测,分别记录24h中每小时内心律失常发作频数及平均心率,了解室速,室早发作的昼夜规律,结果：基础状态下,室速,连发室早,平均心率在24h内呈不均一分布（P＜0．001）,其发作规律呈白天多,夜间少,单个室呈不均一分布,但整个差异无显著性,平均心率与室速,连发室早互正相关,单个室早与平均心率无相关性,结论：左室流出道室速患者24h内室速,连发病早呈明显的昼夜节律变化,提示特发性右室流出道室速的发生与交感迷走神经平衡失调有关。     

聚氯乙烯／聚丙烯酸丁酯／白泥纳米复合材料的研究

通过多步交换反应及扩散－聚合的方法,使聚丙烯酸丁酯被嵌入到改性层状结构的白泥层间,得到白泥－聚丙烯酸丁酯纳米复合物的微米粒子;然后将聚氯乙烯与白泥－聚丙烯酸丁酯进行熔融共混,制得具有一一特性的有机－无机纳米复合材料,并对复合材料的缺口冲击强度及动态力学性能进行了研究,结果表明,白泥－聚丙烯酸酯含量为5．0wt％时,复合材料的力学性能最佳;聚氯乙烯与高含量的白泥－聚丙烯酸丁酯（分别为25．0wt%和50．0wt%）形成的复合材料,在聚氯乙烯的玻璃化转变温度之前,储能模量出现先降低而后增加的过程。     

芳基乙炔预聚物流变性能研究

用L－90流变仪研究了芳基乙炔预聚物的流变性能。结果表明：在所研究的温度范围内,芳基乙炔聚物流体为牛顿流体,其粘度随温度增加而降低,粘流活化随预聚物分子量的增加而增加。预聚物在室温存储过程中粘度逐渐增加;在60－80℃恒温90min其粘度变化不大。