Neuroendocrine and Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity in Middle-Aged Normotensive Adults with Parental History of Cardiovascular Disease

Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular stress reactivity was studied in healthy middle-aged individuals whose parental history included essential hypertension and/or myocardial infarction and a control group without parental history of cardiovascular disease. All subjects completed a rest session (1 hour) and a stress session (1 hour). The stress session included behavioral (mirror image tracing, mental arithmetic, and the Stroop color word conflict test) and physical stressors (the cold pressor test and isometric exercise). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were recorded at baseline before and during all stressors. Specimens for determination of urinary catecholamines and cortisol were sampled after the rest and stress sessions respectively. Generally, a parental history of hypertension but not of myocardial infarction influenced neuroendocrine and cardiovascular stress reactivity. A family history of hypertension was associated with exaggerated epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol excretion during stress and with enhanced heart-rate reactivity to behavioral (mental arithmetic and mirror image tracing) but not to physical stressors (isometric exercise or the cold pressor test). We conclude that individuals with a family history of hypertension tend to display exaggerated cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactivity to stress.     

家庭医生签约服务模式下全科团队年度考核指标体系构建

目的建立一套家庭医生签约服务模式下的全科团队年度考核指标体系。方法通过文献回顾法和半结构访谈法初步拟定指标初稿;邀请15名专家开展专家函询,评价全科团队年度考核指标体系重要性和可行性,并采用界值法对指标进行筛选,采用层次分析法确定各级指标权重。结果两轮函询专家积极系数均为100%,权威系数分别为0.83和0.75。最终确定家庭医生签约服务模式下全科团队年度考核指标体系包括服务数量、服务质量和服务效果3个维度共19项指标。结论 构建的家庭医生签约服务模式下的全科团队年度考核指标体系具有一定科学性和实用性,下一步有待结合实证结果对指标体系进行优化。     

我国城乡基层“2 + X”家庭医生团队现状与预测研究

目的 预测“十四五”期间我国城乡人口和基层医疗卫生机构“2 + X”家庭医生团队数量,探究我国城乡家庭医生服务覆盖情况,为家庭医生健康发展提供科学依据。方法 依据2013—2019年相关数据,采用GM(1,1)灰色预测模型预测2020—2025年我国城乡人口数和“2 + X”家庭医生团队数量和相关卫技人员数。观察每 2000 服务人口标准下,2018—2025年我国城乡“2 + X”家庭医生团队服务人数和服务覆盖率。结果 2020—2025年我国城镇人口数逐年增长,到2025年增至98 831万人;城市基层医疗卫生机构全科医生数、注册护士数、家庭医生团队数量逐年增长,到2025年分别增至171 712人、848 324人、171 712个;全科医生与护士比逐年上升,到2025年升至1∶4.94;2018—2025年我国城市“2 + X”家庭医生团队服务人口覆盖率逐年上升,到2025年升至35%。2020—2025年我国乡村人口数逐年下降,到2025年降至48 053万人;乡镇基层医疗卫生机构全科医生数、注册护士数、家庭医生团队数量逐年增长,到2025年分别增至447 672人、854 976人、447 672个;全科医生与护士比逐年下降,到2025年降至1:1.91;2018—2025年我国乡村“2 + X”家庭医生团队服务人口覆盖率逐年上升,理论上2022年实现全面覆盖。结论 2018—2025年我国城乡“2 + X”家庭医生团队数量逐年增加,但城市家庭医生缺口较大,应加强全科医学人才培养,增强家庭医生职业吸引力,缩小城乡全科医生薪资差距,优化家庭医生服务覆盖均衡性。     

成都市家庭医生服务现状的定性研究

目的 本研究针对成都市基层医疗卫生服务机构,调查分析了家庭医生服务开展现况、存在的问题,以及家医服务平台的建设情况并提出了改进建议。方法 本研究共抽取了成都市六个基层社区卫生服务机构,对每家机构的1名管理人员和1个家庭医生团队分别进行深入访谈和专题小组访谈,调查时间为2020年12月—2021年2月。结果 成都市双向转诊取得一定成效,但下转难情况依然突出;有偿签约效果不好,居民就诊观念需转变;基层卫生技术人员不足,家医服务增加了日常工作量;家医信息化平台存在诸多问题,功能亟需改善;家医的绩效考核制度有一定激励作用,但仍需完善;基层卫生投入不足,家医政策落地难。结论 规范分级诊疗秩序,畅通双向转诊通道;加强官方媒体宣传力度,转变居民就诊观念;提升基层职业吸引力,培养优质人才;加强信息化建设,完善家庭医生信息化服务平台;健全家庭医生绩效考核制度,调动工作积极性;完善家医配套政策与措施,强化基层机构服务能力。     

Identification of geographic clusters for temporal heterogeneity with application to dengue surveillance

Identifying transmission of hot spots with temporal trends is important for reducing infectious disease propagation. Cluster analysis is a particularly useful tool to explore underlying stochastic processes between observations by grouping items into categories by their similarity. In a study of epidemic propagation, clustering geographic regions that have similar time series could help researchers track diffusion routes from a common source of an infectious disease. In this article, we propose a two-stage scan statistic to classify regions into various geographic clusters by their temporal heterogeneity. The proposed scan statistic is more flexible than traditional methods in that contiguous and nonproximate regions with similar temporal patterns can be identified simultaneously. A simulation study and data analysis for a dengue fever infection are also presented for illustration.     

中国化学会期刊集群平台建设的探究和实践

【目的】 探索现有条件下我国建设化学专业刊群的有效方式和途径,为我国专业期刊集群建设和期刊发展提供经验和借鉴。【方法】 以中国化学会期刊集群的建设为主要研究对象,分析总结在我国期刊发展现有环境下化学专业刊群建设的现状、存在的问题、解决方案和启示。【结果】 中国化学会通过专业期刊集群建设、数据整合,为我国化学工作者提供丰富的学术资源,为国产优质化学期刊提供一个重要的展示、合作平台,但在规模、学术质量、运营方面仍有很大差距,还需进一步提高建设水平。【结论】 专业刊群建设应勇于突破固有观念屏障,以优质数据资源为基础,充分发挥集群优势,构建期刊协同发展格局,为我国相关专业学科发展作出应有的贡献。     

Data-Driven Dietary Patterns,Nutrient Intake and Body Weight Status in a Cross-Section of Singaporean Children Aged 6–12 Years

Pattern analysis of children’s diet may provide insights into chronic disease risk in adolescence and adulthood. This study aimed to assess dietary patterns of young Singaporean children using cluster analysis. An existing dataset included 15,820 items consumed by 561 participants (aged 6–12 years) over 2 days of dietary recall. Thirty-seven food groups were defined and expressed as a percentage contribution of total energy. Dietary patterns were identified using k-means cluster analysis. Three clusters were identified, “Western”, “Convenience” and “Local/hawker”, none of which were defined by more prudent dietary choices. The “Convenience” cluster group had the lowest total energy intake (mean 85.8 ± SD 25.3% of Average Requirement for Energy) compared to the other groups (95.4 ± 25.9% for “Western” and 93.4 ± 25.3% for “Local/hawker”, p < 0.001) but also had the lowest calcium intake (66.3 ± 34.7% of Recommended Dietary Allowance), similar to intake in the “Local/hawker” group (69.5 ± 38.9%) but less than the “Western” group (82.8 ± 36.1%, p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for longitudinal analysis of dietary habit in younger Singaporeans in order to better define public health messaging targeted at reducing risk of major noncommunicable disease.     

Teacher Evaluation of an Experiential Vegetable Education Program for Australian Primary Schools: Does Face-to-Face Training Add Value above Digital Training?

The teacher-led implementation of healthy eating programs in schools is cost-effective and potentially impactful. Teacher acceptability is important for uptake; however, process evaluations are scarce. This study evaluated the effect of two intensities of teacher training on the evaluation of a vegetable education program for Australian primary schools by teachers. The teachers (n = 65) who implemented the program as part of a cluster RCT (25 schools in two states, New South Wales and South Australia) received either low- (provision with materials and online training) or high (additional face-to-face (F2F) training)-intensity training prior to implementing a 5-week vegetable education program. They evaluated the acceptability of a digital training module and program by indicating the level of agreement with 15 and 18 statements, respectively, using 5-point Likert scales. The average item scores ranged from 3.0 to 4.2. All but one item, including student engagement, alignment to the curriculum and intent for reuse of the program, had a rounded average or median score of 4. The level of training intensity did not impact the teacher acceptability ratings. In conclusion, the teacher acceptability was good, and additional F2F training does not add value above the solely digital training of the teachers.     

湘潭市5起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情调查分析

目的 对湘潭市5起新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)聚集性疫情开展流行病学调查,分析病例的感染来源,并探讨其传播模式,提出针对性预防控制建议。 方法 应用现场流行病学方法调查病例及其密切接触者,描述流行特征,采集患者鼻咽拭子,利用反转录聚合酶链式反应技术进行病毒核酸检测。 结果 截至2020年3月5日,湘潭市累计报告42例新冠肺炎病例(其中6例为无症状感染者),重症及危重症病例8例。涉及5起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情,共发病19人(包括无症状感染者),占总病例数45.24%;其中4起因武汉返湘潭(简称潭)人员引起,1起因本地病例引起;男性8例、女性11例,年龄为1岁3月～84岁;临床表现出现咳嗽症状比例最高(占70.59%),病例从发病到就诊隔离间隔时间在0～10 d之间,中位数为2 d,发病时已住院隔离观察的病例占比最高为42.11%(8/19),从就诊隔离到确诊的间隔时间在0～7 d 之间,中位数为2 d。 结论 新型冠状病毒具有极强的传染性和隐匿性,人员密集、聚餐/会、家庭内传播是聚集性疫情的高危因素,应做好重点场所、重点人群新冠肺炎疫情防控工作,减少聚集性疫情的发生。