聊城市5起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行病学分析

目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,为制定疫情防控策略和措施提供科学依据。 方法 于2020年1月24日—2月11日在聊城市应用现场流行病学方法调查5起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情所涉及的41例确诊病例及无症状感染者, 对相关标本采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行核酸检测。 结果 5起聚集性疫情的首发病例续发率为2.78%~50.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=21.57,P<0.01);家庭聚集性疫情涉及32例、10户家庭(族),公共场所聚集性疫情涉及16例、2个场所。一、二、三代病例分别有5、22、12例,传染率分别为100.00%、18.18%、0.00%。4例病例的潜伏期为5~10 d,中位数为7.5 d;聚集性疫情中存在潜伏期传播。有疫区旅行史或居住史者4例(9.76%),与潜伏期病例或确诊病例有密切接触、频繁交谈等有30例(73.17%),暴露于高浓度气溶胶4例(9.76%),未知感染来源3例(7.32%)。 结论 新冠病毒极易引起聚集性疫情,控制本地的聚集性疫情是防控工作的重点;新冠病毒可以通过高浓度气溶胶传播;病例在潜伏期具有感染性。     

我国家庭医生服务签约意愿相关因素的Meta分析

目的探讨我国家庭医生服务签约意愿的相关因素,为家庭医生服务实践提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库、维普期刊数据库中公开收录的关于我国家庭医生服务签约意愿的横断面研究,提取相关数据后运用Stata 15软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入21篇文献,累计调查人数23 727人,签约家庭医生服务12 328人,签约率为51.96%。Meta分析显示,年龄≥60岁、有医疗保险、有婚姻史、有慢病、知晓家庭医生签约服务、接受社区首诊是家庭医生服务签约意愿的促进因素,民族为汉族、自评健康状况好或者一般是家庭医生服务签约意愿的阻碍因素。结论我国家庭医生服务签约仍有进一步发展空间,对于汉族、自评健康状况好或者一般的人群需要采取更多的鼓励措施。     

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Suicidal Behaviors Among Youth: The Buffering Influence of Family Communication and School Connectedness

PurposeThe main objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether family communication and school connectedness offer protection against suicidal behaviors in the presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; direct protective effect) and (2) whether family communication or school connectedness buffer the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors (interacting protective effect) on the multiplicative and additive scales.MethodsData were obtained from a western state's 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey that included 5,341 middle school and 4,980 high school participants. Generalized linear models were used to estimate whether family communication and school connectedness offered direct protection against suicidal behaviors or buffered the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors using adjusted prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFamily communication and school connectedness offered direct protection against suicidal behaviors in the presence of ACEs (a 1-unit higher score was associated with a 32%–42% lower prevalence of suicidal behaviors for middle school youth and a 27%–39% lower prevalence of suicidal behaviors for high school youth). There was evidence that family communication and school connectedness buffered the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors on the multiplicative scale.ConclusionsThe findings provide support for the development and implementation of interventions that build family communication and school connectedness to reduce suicidal behaviors. Furthermore, screening for trauma and suicidal behaviors is warranted.     

Short sleep duration at night in 2.5-year-old children is associated with childhood obesity at age 5.5 years: The Japanese children cohort study

BackgroundObesity in children contributes to higher risks of various chronic diseases in adulthood and the prevalence has increased worldwide including Japan.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the association between sleep duration at night in children aged 2.5 years and the subsequent risk of obesity at age 5.5 years.MethodsThis study is embedded in the Longitudinal Survey on Babies Born in the 21st Century, which recruited families who had a child born in Japan in 2001. The multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of childhood obesity at 5.5 years, defined as percentage of overweight (POW) ≥ 20 % and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile of this study population according to sleep duration at night collected at 2.5 years child age.ResultsAmong 25,378 children, 2.6 % and 3.7 % were obese at age 5.5 years defined by POW and BMI respectively. Compared with night sleep duration > 11 h/d, shorter sleep durations in 2.5 years-old children were associated with higher risk of obesity at 5.5 years; the multivariable ORs (95 %CI) were 1.05 (0.81–1.35), 1.23 (0.93–1.62) and 1.54 (1.04–2.31) for sleep duration 10, 9 and ≤ 8 h/d, respectively; p-trend = 0.03. The observed association differed according to the children (child’s sex, napping habits, and children frequently play at park), and family characteristics (mother’s age at delivery and mother’s level of education).ConclusionShort night sleep duration among girls aged 2.5 years was associated with risk of obesity at age 5.5 years, suggesting the importance of sufficient sleep duration at night for the prevention of obesity.     

儿童心理问题的家庭治疗原则与策略

儿童心理问题的常规治疗包括心理治疗和药物治疗,但是两者具有一定的局限性和社会不适性。家庭对儿童的成长具有重大影响,也是儿童出现心理问题的重要源头,所以家庭的介入对于心理问题儿童的治疗非常关键。家庭治疗的主要原则包括培养儿童的独立性、解决儿童与外界之间的冲突以及重视家庭成员间的和谐关系。家庭治疗所采取的策略主要是转变家庭内部态度、重视家庭的整体性、心理治疗和家庭治疗的互相配合以及对医学诊断的重视。在专业医学诊断指导下,通过家庭介入传统的心理治疗,从而更好地改善儿童所面临的心理问题。本文回顾了现有的儿童心理问题的研究成果,强调了家庭对儿童心理问题的影响,总结了儿童心理问题的家庭治疗原则和策略。     

剑川鼠疫自然疫源地蚤类群落季节动态研究

运用最优分割法(Fisher算法),对剑川鼠疫自然疫源地蚤类群落季节动态进行了研究,分为5个时段,根据结构与功能统一的原理.指出该疫源地的最佳灭蚤时间是2月末3月初。同时指出。如果防制时期选择不当.反而会使有害蚤的功能显现出来。     

影响10—12岁学龄儿童行为的家庭因素分析

目的 探讨学龄儿童行为问题及影响因素。方法 采用Rutter儿童行为问卷（父母问卷）评价儿童行为,采用Moss家庭环境量表（FES）和自拟的儿童行为问题影响因素调查,调查10－12岁城市学龄儿童325名。结果 学龄儿童行为问题检出率为9．7％;儿童行为与家庭成员的情感表达程度、家庭人员间亲密度呈显著负相关（P＜0．05）;经多因素分析,儿童行为问题的影响因素主要有家庭成员情感表达、家庭道德观。结论 儿童行为与家庭环境有密切关系,和谐的家庭气氛、良好的家庭道德观念是促进儿童行为发育的有利条件。     

流动人口的计划生育管理分析

对1998年在上海闵行区开展的“以现居住地为主”的计划生育综合干预项目中外来育龄妇女的计划生育管理状况进行分析,综合运用定量与定性研究方法以了解她们的计划生育管理状况及对计生管理的态度和要求,评价计生管理干预对改善本市外来育龄妇女的计生管理状况及提高她们对计划生育管理的认知的效果。结果显示：通过管理干预,外来育龄妇女携带原籍计划生育证明的比例和持有计划生育信息卡的比例以及暂住证上加盖计划生育合格章的比例均明显增加,妇女对计划生育服务的满意度也明显增加。认为“以现居住地为主”的流动人口计划生育管理有助于计划生育管理,应进一步加强流入地与流出地的联络、协调与积极配合,加强流动人口的计生双向管理。     

体重指数与2型糖尿病关系的Meta分析

目的：研究糖尿病家族史、身高体重指数（BMI）在2型糖尿病发生中的作用。方法：应用Meta-分析对国内有关2型糖尿病发病与糖尿病家族史、体重指数及关系的8个病例对照研究结果进行定量综合分析。结果：糖尿病家族史、BMI与2型糖尿病发病合并的OR分别为2.55(2.16-3.01)、1.34(1.22-3.37）。结论：家族史和BMI均为2型糖尿病发病的危险因素。     

非靶向代谢组学揭示天葵不同部位差异代谢物及其主要代谢途径

目的:利用非靶向代谢组学挖掘天葵非药用部位潜在的药用价值。方法:以天葵茎、叶、花为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-质谱法对其进行非靶向代谢组学分析。结果:天葵茎、叶、花中共鉴定出16大类101个差异代谢物(DAMs),其中包含羧酸及其衍生物、有机含氧化合物、脂质、苯及其取代衍生物、生物碱、黄酮类、萜类、苯丙素类、酚酸类、核苷酸、有机盐、内酯、有机酸、内源性植物激素、氨基酸和13个其他物质。通过聚类和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析发现,天葵不同部位的DAMs代谢模式存在一定的差异;其主要代谢途径为苯丙氨酸代谢途径、ABC转运途径、氨酰-tRNA合成途径及苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成途径。结论:通过天葵不同部位间DAMs的鉴定及其生物合成途径的分析,确定天葵茎、叶、花富含多种具有药用功效的代谢活性物质,可为天葵茎、叶、花的资源开发利用提供参考。