Body composition,work capacity,and work efficiency of active and inactive young men

On 46 healthy young men, of whom 18 took part in strenuous sport at least once a week, height, weight, total body fat (as % of body mass) and lean body mass (LBM) were determined. The subjects performed submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer and climbing on an upwardly inclined treadmill at work loads of 60, 110, and 140 watts. Oxygen consumption ( ), respiratory quotient (RQ), energy expenditure (), and heart rate (f _H) were measured at rest and at each work load, and maximum oxygen intake ( max) and physical work capacity (PWC₁₅₀, PWC₁₇₀) were calculated.Anthropometric parameters did not differ significantly between sportsmen and sedentary subjects. max, PWC₁₅₀, and PWC₁₇₀ had higher correlations with LBM than with the other anthropometric parameters. max expressed in terms of LBM (ml/kg LBM/min) was the parameter which showed the clearest distinction between sportsmen and sedentary individuals. The sportsmen had higher max on the treadmill test than on the bicycle ergometer. PWC₁₅₀ and PWC₁₇₀ were higher on the bicycle than on the treadmill and had high correlations with max. Work efficiency was of the same order in both groups and showed negative correlation with the degree of obesity on the bicycle ergometer and positive correlation on the treadmill.     

The anaerobic recovery of frog muscle

Summary The muscle may undergo a partial recovery of its high energy phosphate stores in the absence of oxygen by the way of glycolysis (anaerobic recovery). This process has been studied in 41 pairs of frog gastrocnemii at different degrees of exhaustion induced by variable trains of supramaximal stimuli. Anaerobic recovery appears to be inadequate to replenish the fraction of muscle high energy phosphate stores (GP=ATP+PC) split as a consequence of the stimulation. The maximal amount of recovery (on the average about 5 Moles of GP per gram of fresh tissue) occurs when the muscle resting stores have been reduced to about 50%. This limitation in the extent of recovery is not a consequence of a reduced availability of glycogen but it is possibly related to the production of some metabolic intermediate, limiting the rate of the glycolytic sequence, likely the accumulation of lactic acid in the fiber. The time course of the anaerobic recovery process is characterized by at1/2 of about 2 min. The efficiency of the process, i.e. the number of the high energy phosphate bonds resynthesized by one Mole of lactic acid, appears to vary between 1.5 and 1.8, being of the same order of magnitude as the GP/L.A. ratio obtained from muscle extracts.     

Endogenous adenosine improves work rate to oxygen consumption ratio in catecholamine stimulated isovolumic rat heart

This study examines the possibility that endogenous adenosine modulates efficiency in isovolumic perfused rat hearts stimulated with isoproterenol or norepinephrine. Efficiency in these hearts is calculated as the rate of pressure work divided by the myocardial oxygen consumption. Within 2 min of infusion of isoproterenol (50 nM), heart rate increased by 35%, the rate pressure product by 290%, oxygen consumption by 142%, and efficiency by 67%. Infusion of adenosine deaminase (2–4 IU/ml), or 8-phenyltheophylline (5 M), into stimulated hearts augmented the increase in heart rate by 40–45%, rate-pressure product by 18–20%, and oxygen consumption by 50–55%. Efficiency was reduced by 30–35%. Adenosine release into the coronary venous effluent increased from 195±20 pmol/min/g to 2400±180 pmol/min/g after 5 min. A similar pattern of results was observed when norepinephrine (0.1 mM) was used. The results indicate that extracellular adenosine, released by catecholamine treatment, inhibits the effects of the catecholamines on rate and contractility. Consequently, adenosine reduces cardiac work (rate-pressure product), but in so doing, improves efficiency.     

The influence of inspired oxygen on the oxygen uptake response to ramp exercise

The relation between and work rate (WR) was examined in seven male subjects who performed ramp (1 W·3 s^–1) two-legged cycle ergometry to exhaustion while inspiring either hypoxic (12% O₂), normoxic (21% O₂), or hyperoxic (40% O₂) air. The anaerobic threshold was estimated from respiratory gas exchange data and is thus referred to as the respiratory gas exchange threshold (RGET). Prior to the RGET, the was greater under normoxic [mean (SD); 10. 19(1.04) ml O₂·min^–1·W^–1] and hyperoxic [10.44 (0.72)] conditions compared with hypoxia [9.34 (0.89)]. Above the RGET, the for hypoxia [8.91 (0.63)], normoxia [10.40 (0.77)], and hyperoxia [11.08 (0.48)] were all significantly different from each other. These data indicated that for two-legged, cycle, ramp ergometry in normoxia below the RGET, both the and response time was constant. Above the RGET, the normoxic response was the net result of a declining and a longer response time to the unsteady state character of a ramp exercise protocol.     

运用DEA模型分析武进区县域医共体模式下公立医疗机构运行效率△

目的:基于DEA-BCC模型,评价常州市武进区公立医疗机构运行效率,为县区级医院医共体优化资源配置提供参考。方法:选取该区18家公立医疗机构2018-2020年的全国卫生健康财务年报数据,从中筛选出投入产出指标,采用DEA数据分析方法,评价其运行效率。结果:18家公立医疗机构综合运行效率均有所提升,不同层级的医疗机构、乡镇卫生院存在差异,乡镇卫生院的综合运行效率偏低。三年间,乡镇卫生院的总体综合效率值均小于1,DEA均为无效;2018-2020年乡镇卫生院的规模报酬均为不同程度的递减状态;仍有部分医院存在资源利用不充分或过剩等问题。结论:政府应将医疗卫生资源改革的重点放在建立多专业的质控中心,不断提升基层医疗机构服务能力;合理控制各级医疗机构发展规模,促进基层医疗卫生资源的有效整合;明确医共体单位功能定位,实现错位发展。     

川芎嗪注射液对大鼠腹膜透析效能的影响

目的 通过动物实验观察川芎嗪对腹膜透析效能的影响,并初步探讨其作用机理。方法 采用空白及实验对照设计,将３６只雄性ＳＤ大鼠平均分为单纯腹透组、多巴胺对照组、川芎嗪常规浓度组及川芎嗪高浓度组４组,观察不同剂量川芎嗪加入腹透液对大鼠尿素氮清除率（ＣＢＵＮ）、肌酐清除率（ＣＣｒ）、尿素氮Ｄ／Ｐ值、肌酐Ｄ／Ｐ值、排液量均显著高于单纯腹透组（ｐ值均小于０．０５）,３组间两两比较差异无显著性（ｐ值均大于０．０     

试论方剂功效表达的历史沿革及现代研究意义

方剂的历史悠久，但真正将方剂作为研究对象，出现方剂功效的描述则始自金代成无己，并在明清时期有了较大的发展，而直到建国后才形成一定的规范。目前古方中还存在大量的方荆只有简单的组成与主治，而没有详细的方论，包括方剂功效。文章最后论述了方荆功效理论研究的重要性与可行性。     

从有偿服务看公立医疗卫生机构的运作效率

鉴于公立医院的财政投入比重过小,对医院运作效率的影响不典型,所以,该文运用投入产出定量模型,比较全国疾病控制中心的"财政投入模式(计划包干模型)"、"有偿服务模式(市场运作模型)"和"财政投入与有偿服务混合模式(综合效率模型)"的效率,发现三类模式的运作效率比为1∶7.2∶2.8,得出了目前的财政在投入量不足前提下,投入的效率低下,有偿服务虽有待规范,但是,其市场机制下的高运作效率,尤其是提高运作效率的激励机制却是值得借鉴的,疾控中心因为财政投入和有偿服务收入各约占总收入的一半,因而,总体运作效率也是计划包干的2.8倍.因而服务收费占总收入90%以上的医院,目前的运作效率总体并不低下,问题是补偿机制扭曲下,医院的运作效率朝着拓展业务收入、提供能够增收项目方向发展,从而医疗费用过快增长等成为问题.因此,单个医院的高效率并不意味着卫生事业发展的高效率.     

波利特治疗胃食管返流病40例临床疗效观察

目的　观察波利特 (雷贝拉唑 )治疗胃食管返流病 (GERD)的临床疗效。　方法　随机将 80例 GERD患者分为两组 ,治疗组 4 0例 ,给予波利特 10 mg,口服 ,每日 1次 ;对照组 4 0例 ,给予奥美拉唑 2 0 mg,口服 ,每日 1次 ;疗程 8周。记录服药前后病人烧心、反酸、胸骨后灼痛等症状积分的改变 ,按症状积分下降值及内镜检查结果对比分析疗效。结果　治疗组的 GERD患者服药后 1d、 3d、 7d、 14 d、 2 8d症状积分下降值分别为 13.9± 6 .4、 10 .8± 6 .6、 9.7± 5 .7、 6 .3± 5 .7、 5 .4± 4 .9;而对照组分别为 14 .4± 5 .3、 14 .1± 5 .7、 13.9± 5 .2、 13.6± 5 .9、 7.8± 5 .1;两者的差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。治疗组和对照组的食管黏膜损害愈合率分别为 72 .5 %和 6 2 .5 % ,有效率为 97.5 %和 92 .5 % ,差异均无显著性意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　波利特是一种治疗胃食管返流病速效且安全的质子泵抑制剂(PPI)。