The echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular performance during sevoflurane and halothane anesthesia

The cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane were studied and compared with those of halothane in 30 healthy patients. The patients were assigned to receive 1MAC sevoflurane (n = 10), 2MAC sevoflurane (n = 10) or 1MAC halothane (n = 10) in N₂O 2l·min^–1 and O₂ 4l·min^–1. The changes in left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimension (Dd and Ds), fractional shortening (FS), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcf), left ventricular diastolic and systolic volume (Vd and Vs), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac index (CI) were evaluated by echocardiography. Sevoflurane produced significant dose-dependent decreases in FS, mVcf, EF and SV, but no significant changes in Dd and Vd. Therefore, the decrease in SV was due mainly to the increase in left ventricular residual volume (Vs). One MAC halothane produced a more significant decrease in FS, mVcf, EF and SV, when compared to values obtained at 1MAC sevoflourane (P 0.01). CI was more significantly decreased with 1MAC halothane than with 1MAC and 2MAC sevoflurane (P 0.01). This was brought about by a slight decrease in HR with halothane and a slight increase in HR with sevoflurane, in addition to a smaller decrease in SV with sevoflurane than with halothane. This study suggests that sevoflurane may better preserve cardiac function as a pump in healthy patients, when compared to halothane.(Kasuda H, Akazawa S, Shimizu R.: The echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular performance during sevoflurane and halothane anesthesia. J Anesth 4: 295–302, 1990)     

左室负荷改变及缺血对犬左室舒张早期血流的影响

目的　探讨舒张早期二尖瓣血流E波速度在负荷改变及缺血状态下的变化规律。方法　在犬应用脉冲波多普勒测量左室对照状态、负荷改变及缺血状态下二尖瓣瓣尖及瓣下1cm及2cm三个取样点的E波流速,各点心电图R波顶峰至E波顶峰的时间(R-E)变化,同时用心导管法测量左室松弛时间常数(T),分析各指标的变化规律并了解与T值变化之间的关系。结果　二尖瓣血流速度在左室内的衰减为非线性,与静息状态相比速度衰减幅度由25%增加到39%,二尖瓣血流时间指标R-E受负荷影响小,受缺血的影响显著与静息状态相比缺血状态下,R-E     

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断肺心病的临床价值

目的：阐述彩色多普勒超声心动图（CDE）诊断肺心病的临床价值。方法：通过CDE对临床上拟诊的肺心病患者进行肺动脉高压（PH）定性、定量的诊断、并观测由PH继发引起心脏在CDE上的异常改变。结果：CDE测定PH44例（88％）,其肺动脉收缩压（SPAP）＞36mmHg,6例（32mmHg≤SPAP＜36mmHg,确诊CPM的临床符合率665（50／76）。结论作为无创性诊技术,CDE估测PH或诊断CPM准确简便,重复性强,对于指导临床治疗意义重大。     

川崎病的不典型临床表现

目的:了解川崎病(KD)患儿的不典型临床表现及冠状动脉损害情况,探讨其诊断标准。方法:总结75例KD患儿的临床及超声心动图特点。结果:具备主要表现6项者42例(56％),5项23例(30.7％),4项7例(9.33％),3项2例(2.67％),2项1例(1.33％)。某些病例临床表现不典型,如淋巴结肿大为化脓性,皮疹结痂,可有脱指甲表现,病程中可一直无手足末端脱皮。另外发现惊厥、脑膜炎、胆囊炎、脊髓炎等各1例。71例超声心动图检查显示,47例(66.2％)冠状动脉有改变,其中冠状动脉扩张30例(42.3％),冠状动脉瘤17例(23.9％),其中巨大瘤2例。结论:川崎病临床表现多样,某些主要表现可有例外,冠状动脉扩张较常见。     

左房粘液瘤X线平片与超声心动图的诊断价值

目的 探讨左房粘液瘤的影像学特征及其鉴别诊断价值。方法 分析２８例手术病理证实的左房粘液瘤的影像学表现。并且加以比较与鉴别。结果 （１）左房粘液瘤的Ｘ线平片与二尖瓣狭窄略有相似,但其具有相对特征。（２）超声波能直接显示左房内团块状回声,并可观察瘤体随心动周期而活动情况。结论 在临床上当瘤体阻塞瓣口后产生类似二尖瓣狭窄的症状和体征,加之两者的Ｘ线平片表现有相似之处,因而有时在鉴别诊断上较困难,超声心     

Determination of left ventricular volume by two-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging

Left ventricular volume was determined in 12 healthy volunteersusing a newly developed two-dimensional echocardio-graphic delineationmethod. The results were compared with those of magnetic resonanceimaging, which served as the method of reference. Left ventricularend-diastolic volume was 123 ± 12 ml, echocardiographicallydefined, and 121 ± 12 ml calculated with magnetic resonanceimaging. End-systolic volume was 41 ± 7 ml on echocardiographyand 37±6 ml on magnetic resonance imaging. Left ventricularejection fraction was 67 ± 4%, echocardiographicallydefined, and 70 ± 5%, calculated with magnetic resonanceimaging. There was no statistical difference for any of themeasured parameters. Interstudy and inter-observer variabilitywas minimal. In conclusion, in healthy volunteers left ventricularvolume was accurately defined, using this newly developed two-dimensionalechocardiographic delineation method. During endocardial delineationa dynamic display is continuously available on a second window,allowing precise visual edge-detection. Moreover, correctionscan be made easily and quickly. These two advantages enhancethe accuracy of the method, even in cases of poor echogenicity.     

胎儿先天性心脏病筛查方法的研究

为尽早确诊胎儿先天性心脏病(简称先心病),对200例胎儿进行B超心动图检查,发现心脏异常36例(18%),其中先心病26例(13％)。测定有高危因素的103例孕母血清风疹病毒抗体IgM,10例阳性(9.7％),其中7例胎儿有先心病(70%),其灵敏度为70％,特异度为92.3％,可做为胎儿先心病的筛查方法。两项检查合用,可提高胎儿先心病的诊断水平。同时提示胎儿超声心动图检查中增加卵圆孔直径和血流的评定可作为房间隔缺损的诊断标准。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术10年临床经验

目的：旨在研究本院４００ 例经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术１０ 年的临床经验。　方法：采用改良的Ｉｎｏｕｅ 方法。　结果：经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术即刻成功率９８．３％ （３４４／３５０）,术后二尖瓣面积明显增加,达（１．１１±０．２９）～（２．１９±０．４０）ｃｍ ２。１０５ 例随访９个月～８ 年６ 个月,二尖瓣再狭窄率为１１．４％ （１２／１０５）,死亡率为２．９％ （３／１０５）,二尖瓣置换术为３．８％ （４／１０５）。　结论：经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术近、远期疗效均很好     

52例扩张型心肌病的X线、超声及心电图综合研究评价

目的：为了解扩张型心肌病（ＤＣＭ）的临床,Ｘ线,Ｂ超与心电图之间的规律性联系。方法：一分析了５２例被临床证实的ＤＣＭ患。结果：心脏Ｘ线检查;（１）肺淤２血占７０％（３７／５２）;（２）５９．６％心脏扩大呈”普大“或”主动脉”型;（３）心胸比率：０．５３４占２８．８％,０．５７－０．６５占６１％,０．７１有５例,且全部死亡;（４）心搏：正常有１５例,减弱有３７例;（５）２例５０岁以上患行冠状     

Assessment of left ventricular function: comparison between radionuclide angiography and semiquantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis

Measurement of global left ventricular function is important in the follow-up of cardiac patients and is a good prognostic indicator in acute cardiac situations. We compared quantitative measurements of global left ventricular function made with radionuclide angiography (RNA) and contrast cardiac ventriculography (CVG) to visual semiquantitative estimates from two-dimensional echocardiographic images (2D-echo). Three hundred and thirty-nine consecutive patients who underwent RNA were assessed with 2D-echo within 3 months. In addition, 92 of these patients also underwent CVG (correlation of ejection fraction between CVG and RNA:r=0.82;P<0.0001). The RNA mean ejection fractions in the four 2D-echo groups (0=normal, 1=slightly, 2=moderate, or 3=severe reduced left ventricular function) differed markedly (P<0.0001); however, there was overlapping among the groups (2D-echo score/RNA ejection fraction: 0=57.3%±12.8%; 1=46.0%±12.9%; 2=29.6%±12.2%; and 3=24.6%±11.5%) and the difference between 2D-echo scores 2 and 3 was not significant. 2D-echo showed a good concordance in RNA classes (0=505; 1=35%–49%; 2=21%–34%; and 3=520% ejection fraction) 0 (133/166; 80%) and 3 (18/30; 60%) but low concordance in classes 1 (27/82; 33%) and 2 (21/61; 34%). For accurate assessment of global left ventricular ejection fraction, visual semiquantitative judgement of a 2D echocardiographic image is limited in comparison to CVG or RNA, especially in patients with a slight or moderate reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction.