Panel vector autoregression under cross‐sectional dependence

Summary This paper studies estimation in panel vector autoregression (VAR) under cross‐sectional dependence. The time series are allowed to be an unknown mixture of stationary and unit root processes with possible cointegrating relations. The cross‐sectional dependence is modeled with a factor structure. We extend the factor analysis in Bai and Ng (2002, Econometrica 70, 91–221) to vector processes. The fully modified (FM) estimator in Phillips (1995) is used for estimation in panel VAR and we also propose a factor augmented FM estimator. Our simulation results show this factor augmented FM estimator performs well when sample size is large.     

红十字会参与社区慢性病防治的有益尝试——太仓市红十字会社区服务方式的新探索

太仓市红十字会自开展社区红十字服务工作以来,与太仓市疾病预防控制中心合作,根据社区人口老龄化、疾病谱与死因谱的变化等特征,把"人道、博爱、奉献"的红十字精神、创新志愿服务内容与慢性非传染性疾病(以下简称"慢病")防治有机结合,在如何提高社区居民的生活质量和生命质量等方面进行了有益的探索,收到了良好的社会效应。     

结肠切除术患者围手术期发生医院感染的危险因素分析

目的研究结肠切除术围手术期医院感染的发生情况，探讨其相关危险因素，为其预防与控制提供科学依据。方法回顾性调查广州某医院2000～2003年结肠切除术患者291例，对发生医院感染的情况及相关危险因素进行研究。结果结肠切除术围手术期发生医院感染率为11．68％；感染部位以呼吸道最常见（47．06％），其次为手术切口（38．24％）；泌尿道插管、腹腔引流时间长、糖尿病、使用H2受体拮抗剂及化疗等与结肠切除术围手术期医院感染的发生有显著关系（P〈0．05）。结论积极控制糖尿病，减少使用H2受体拮抗剂，合理和有针对性地使用抗生素，是减少结肠切除术围手术期医院感染的关键。     

整体环境动态监控手术部的交叉感染

目的探讨整体环境、动态监控手术部交叉感染。方法借鉴国内外手术部规划设计、建设与感染监控管理的经验,结合医院手术部改扩新建和感染管理工作实践。结果整体环境、动态监控手术部交叉感染至关重要,其中,前期对手术部规划设计及布局、流程的科学性、效率性、合理性、安全性的监控,是防控手术部交叉感染的前提;中期对施工质量的监控,是监控交叉感染的基础;后期对手术部运行中的人流(患者、医护人员)、物流(物品术前、术中、术后)、气流的动态监控,是防控交叉感染的关键。结论手术部规划设计、平面布局、流程、建设质量、管理方式等与交叉感染有直接关系。     

免疫比浊法和胶乳凝集法测定类风湿因子的比较

目的:探讨不同方法测定类风湿因子(RF)的临床应用价值.方法:采用免疫速率散射比浊法和胶乳凝集法检测类风湿关节炎患者35例,非类风湿关节炎患者43例及健康体检者20例的血清类风湿因子.结果:免疫比浊法检测类风湿关节炎患者、非类风湿关节炎患者的RF阳性率分别为56.9%、23.3%,20例健康者无阳性结果,此法的诊断效率为74.5%;胶乳凝集法检测类风湿因子阳性率分别为74.3%、46.5%和20.0%,其诊断效率为66.3%.结论:两种检测方法仅能测定IgM-RF,胶乳凝集法检测类风湿因子的敏感性较免疫比浊法高,但特异性相对较低,诊断效率略低于免疫比浊法.     

人工肝术后并发真菌感染的临床分析

目的回顾性分析重型肝炎人工肝术后并发真菌感染的临床特点及诊治经过，探讨改善预后措施。方法回顾总结120例重型肝炎人工肝术后患者的临床资料，分析术后真菌感染的部位、影响因素、诊治经过及预后。结果120例人工肝术后患者中37例术后并发真菌感染，发生率为30．8％。一次人工肝术后6例发生感染，多次人工肝术后31例发生感染。单一脏器真菌感染15例，死亡3例。多脏器真菌感染22例，13例死亡。结论人工肝术增加重型肝炎真菌感染的机会，多次人工肝更易并发真菌感染。多脏器真菌感染是影响重型肝炎息者预后的主要因素。氟康唑治疗全身真菌感染有效，预防性应用抗真菌药物，早期诊断，早期治疗将有助于改善真菌感染的预后。     

木耳菌丝体及其醇提物的药理作用

木耳菌丝体小鼠ip给药能明显提高外周血T淋巴细胞百分率,使环磷酰胺引起的半数溶血值HC₅₀减少恢复正常;其醇提物体内外均能明显抑制ADP诱导大鼠血小板聚集作用,缩短小鼠红细胞电泳时间。     

Urinary Fibrin and Fibrinogen Degradation Products and the Origin of Hematuria

We examined urinary fibrin and fibrinogen degradation product (U-FDP) concentrations in pediatric patients with hematuria using the rapid and highly-sensitive latex particle agglutination test (LPAT), and assessed the value of this test for the localization of the site of hematuria. Patients with hematuria were divided into two groups: 60 with glomerular hematuria and 46 with non-glomerular hematuria. If U-FDP concentrations less than 0.25 μg/ml are Accepted as an indicator of glomerular bleeding, the sensitivity and specificity of localization of glomerular hematuria in the present study were 78% (47/60) and 89% (41/46), respectively. The high U-FDP concentrations observed in patients with non-glomerular hematuria may reflect direct bleeding into the urinary tract. Since all 13 patients with glomerular hematuria and U-FDP concentrations of 0.25 μg/ml or more had coexistent erythrocyte cylindruria, the U-FDP test seems to be compensated with combined urinalysis for the relatively lower sensitivity. We conclude that a knowledge of U-FDP concentrations by LPAT can be of help in localizing the site of bleeding in hematuria.     

The interrelationships between age, physical measurements and body composition at menarche in schoolgirls at Ilorin, Nigeria

A cross-sectional study of age, physical size and body composition at menarche was made at Ilorin, Nigeria among 162 secondary school girls who reached menarche between March and June, 1983. The findings show that the mean age, height and weight are 13.7 +/- 1.0 years, 156.2 +/- 6.3 cm and 47.4 +/- 6.7 kg, respectively. The estimated body composition is: total body water (TBW), 25.7 +/- 2.3 l; lean body mass (LBM), 35.7 +/- 3.3 kg; and fat content, 11.8 +/- 3.8 kg. Whereas the coefficient of variation was highest for fat content (32.2), it was least for height (4.0). Menarcheal age has a weak correlation to all the variables, but strong correlation existed between weight and the parameters of body composition. The findings of body composition at menarche in Nigerian and North American schoolgirls are similar.