肥胖儿童心血管代谢风险相关的预警指标研究进展

儿童期肥胖增加血脂异常、高血压、高血糖等心血管代谢风险(CMR),并可持续至成人,使代谢性疾病低龄化。近年发现,尿酸、视黄醇结合蛋白4、维生素D、颈围等与肥胖儿童CMR密切相关,可作为CMR的预警指标,为心血管代谢疾病的早期防治提供新靶标。认识预警指标与代谢风险的关系、作用机制和临床意义,有助于早期识别有CMR相关因素的高危人群并进行干预。     

A novel adipokine WISP1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway

BackgroundTo study the effect of WISP1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.MethodLentivirus was transiently transfected into log phase 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which were then treated with LPS at a concentration of 10 μg/mL for 24 h. The cells were divided into the following groups: group A (control, untreated cells); group B (LPS-treated cells); group C (GFP), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing GFP; group D (GFP+LPS), group C treated with LPS;group E (WISP1OE), cells transfected with lentivirus, group F (shNC+LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing nshRNA treated with LPS; group G (shWISP1 +LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing shRNA treated with LPS; group H (WISP1OE+LPS), group E treated with LPS; group I (WISP1OE+LPS+LY294002), group E treated with LPS followed by LY294002 for 24 h.ResultsWISP1 overexpression notably ameliorated cell apoptosis, accompanied with the increased expression of bcl-2, the decreased expressions of bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and promoted the release of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. WISP1 knockdown exhibited the opposite results. In addition, WISP1 stimulated Akt phosphorylation and reduced nuclear translocation of Fork head box protein O3 (FoxO3a) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated by LPS. The inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway diminished the protective effect of WISP1.ConclusionWISP1 prevents 3T3-L1 adipocytes from being injured by LPS by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Specific Dietary Protein Sources Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

BackgroundPuerto Rican adults residing in the US mainland experience a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A diet containing healthy protein-rich sources may help control risk factors for MetS.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate 2-year longitudinal associations between intake of various protein-rich foods and changes in the six MetS components.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study using data from the baseline (2004–2007) and 2-year follow-up visits (2006–2011) in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.Participants/settingParticipants were self-identified Puerto Ricans, aged 45 to 75 years, residing in Boston, Massachusetts, or the surrounding area (n = 1,126).Main outcome measuresMetS components were fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and waist circumference.Statistical analysisBaseline intake of foods reported in a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were expressed as servings/day, and protein-rich foods were categorized as unprocessed white meat, unprocessed red meat, processed meat, milk and yogurt, cheese, fish and seafood, beans, nuts, and eggs. Associations between each continuous protein food group and continuous 2-year change in MetS components were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and other dietary sources.ResultsThe top contributors to total protein intake were unprocessed red meat (13.3%) and unprocessed poultry (13.0%), and the lowest were eggs (2.92%) and nuts (0.91%). Higher intake of processed meats was associated with an increase in waist circumference over 2 years (β = 1.28; standard error [SE] = 0.63), whereas higher intake of fish and seafood was associated with a decrease in waist circumference (β = ?3.47; SE = 1.39). Intake of unprocessed poultry was associated with a decrease in triglycerides (β = ?24.5; SE = 9.13). No other significant associations were observed between protein sources and 2-year changes in MetS components.ConclusionsConsuming less processed meat and more fish and seafood and unprocessed poultry was associated with decreases in waist circumference and triglycerides among US mainland Puerto Ricans. Other dietary protein sources were not related to cardiometabolic health.     

重复经颅磁刺激安全性的初步研究

目的 探讨重复经颅磁刺激的安全性。方法 对接受不同刺激频率和刺激量组经颅磁刺激大鼠的行为、组织病理形态、血清髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）及神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）含量进行观察。结果 低频刺激组（5Hz）和高频刺激组（20Hz）在刺激过程中均未出现异常活动,无肢体强直、阵挛等,脑组织形态学包括大体观察、普通光镜改变不明显,其血清MBP和NSE含量与正常对照组比较,无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论 在一定强度和频率内经颅磁刺激是比较安全的。     

Rb蛋白在多发性骨髓瘤细胞中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨多发性骨髓瘤（MM）细胞Rb蛋白的表达与临床化疗的关系,方法：采用免疫细胞化学S－P法,借助抗Rb蛋白单抗,对47例多发性骨髓瘤患者进行了检测,结果：47例中有11例（11／47）呈阴性表达,阴性表达率30．6％,免疫人型各亚型之间差异显著无显著性（P＞0．05）,所有患者采用常规化疗方案化疗个疗程,Rb蛋白阴性组化疗有效率为36．4％,而Rb蛋白阳性组总有效率为77．9％,两组比较差异显著（P＜0．05）,多变量分析显示,除去血清β2－微球蛋白,乳酸脱氨酶,肌酐三因素对化疗结果的影响,Rb蛋白阴性可作为影响化疗疗效的独立负性因素,结论：Rb蛋白阴性表达在多发性骨髓瘤细胞中较易见,且Rb蛋白不表达者对化疗疗效差。     

肢体缺血/再灌注诱发大鼠心脏血红素氧合酶1的表达(英文)

目的　观察后肢体缺血 /再灌注是否诱发心脏血红素氧合酶 1(HO - 1)的表达。方法　在氨基甲酸乙脂麻醉大鼠行后肢体缺血 /再灌注后 ,测量心脏组织中丙二醛的含量和超氧歧化酶 (SOD)的活性 ;并应用Northern和Western杂交方法分别检测HO - 1mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。结果　在肢体缺血 /再灌注过程中 ,心脏中的丙二醛含量增加 ,而超氧歧化酶的活性降低 ;单纯肢体缺血并不引起心脏血红素氧合酶 1mR NA和蛋白表达的变化 ,但缺血 /再灌注增强心脏血红素氧合酶 1mRNA和蛋白表达。结论　肢体缺血 /再灌注不仅提高心脏中丙二醛的含量 ,降低超氧歧化酶的活性 ;而且上调血红素氧合酶 1在心脏的表达。     

缺血预处理对缺血再灌注肝脏中HSP70表达的影响

目的 观察缺血预处理（IPC）对缺血再灌注大鼠肝脏中热休克蛋白70（HSP70）表达的影响。方法 利用大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注（ischemia reperfusion,I/R)损伤模型,比较不同次数的缺血预处理组与I／R组以及各预处理级璋血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）,肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮（NO）含量,并观察了肝组织中酶的漏出和脂质过氧化物的形成减少,肝细胞抗氧自由基能力增强,血清及肝组织中NO含量升高。组织中PMNs浸润量降低,HSP70及iNOS蛋白及mRNA表达增多。结论 缺血预处理对肝脏I／R损伤有显著的保护作用。NO参与了缺血预处理对HSP70表达的正性调控过程。一次缺血10min再灌注10min是理想的肝脏缺血预处理方式。     

中药对肾病综合征激素疗法副作用的疗效观察

目的 观察中药对肾病综合征时间、大剂量使用激素而产生诸多副作用的疗效。方法 将肾病综合征激素治疗病人随机分为两组,一组22例同时服用中药,并根据辩证施治选择不同方剂,治疗其副作用。另一组20例未用中药作为对照组。对两组的疗效进行对比观察。结果 治疗组对激素疗程的副作用治愈率、总有效率分别为68．8％、81．8％,显著高归于对照组的30％、35％（P＜0．05）。结论 对肾病综合征正规激素疗程中易产生各种副作用,各药辩证施治,能有效地治疗其副作用。     

生育年龄妇女血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ及胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1的周期性变化

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1(IGFBP-1),在正常月经周期妇女体内变化以及和性激素的关系.方法分别用ELSA法和RIA法,测定34例正常月经周期妇女月经期(周期第3 d)、增生晚期(周期第13 d)、黄体期(周期第23 d)血清IGF-I和IGFBP-1,以及雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)浓度.结果IGF-I浓度在增生晚期(114.9±23.1)μg/L及黄体期(126.6±27.1)μg/L,显著高于月经期(104.1±15.4)μg/L,P均＜0.05,而增生晚期和黄体期比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).IGFBP-1浓度在增生晚期(4.5±1.8)μg/L显著高于黄体期(2.3±0.9)μg/L及月经期(2.5士1.1)μg/L,P均＜0.01,而黄体期和月经期比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).相关性分析表明,增生晚期血清IGF-I浓度与E2有显著相关性(r=0.59,P＜0.01).结论血清IGF-1和IGFBP-1浓度在正常生育年龄妇女随着性激素改变而发生周期性变化.     

脂多糖对大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞Gsα和Giα蛋白亚型的影响*

目的：观察脂多糖（LPS）对大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞（RPMVECs)G蛋白的影响及甲基强的松龙的干预作用。方法：用流式细胞技术（FCM）检测G蛋白亚型的变化。结果：①10μg/ml LPS作用于RPMVECs30和90min后,Gsα蛋白水平较对照组显著下降。甲基强的松龙干预30和90min后,对LPS致RPMVECs膜Gsα蛋白水平的变化有显著抑制作用。②10μg/ml LPS作用于RPMVECs30和90min后,Giα蛋白水平较对照组显著下降。甲基强的松龙干预30和90min后,对LPS致RPMVECs膜Giα蛋白水平的变化有显著抑制作用。结论：①LPS诱导RPMVECS Gsα和Giα蛋白水平的变化可能是LPS诱导RPMVECs单层通透性增加的机制之一。②甲基强的松龙参与抑制LPS诱导RPMVECs单层通透性增加的作用。