Arthrodesis for chronic lateral subtalar joint dislocation caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: A case report

IntroductionAdult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) can lead to the development of peritalar subluxation (PTS) and much more rarely to lateral subtalar dislocation.Presentation of caseA 75-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with an approximately 15-year history of pain in her right foot without obvious trauma. The lateral shifting foot deformity had worsened in the previous 5 years. On presentation, she had tenderness over the talonavicular joint, and the skin overlying the talar head on the medial foot was taut. Imaging revealed lateral displacement of the calcaneus with simultaneous dislocation of the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints. We diagnosed lateral subtalar dislocation including the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints caused by PTTD, which we treated by reduction and fusion of the subtalar joint complex. The foot and ankle were immobilized with a cast for 6 weeks.DiscussionAt the 1-year follow-up visit, the patient reported no pain during daily activities, although flatfoot persisted.ConclusionWe report a rare case of chronic lateral subtalar dislocation caused by PTTD that was treated by fusion of the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints.     

浙江省2010年和2013年成年人烟草使用干预效果评估

目的 了解浙江省2010-2013年成年人烟草使用在干预后的效果。方法 采用多阶段、按地理位置进行整群随机抽样，分别在2010年和2013年在浙江省15个县（市、区）对2 000余名15~69岁的居民进行面对面问卷调查并开展干预。结果 2010年和2013年浙江省15~69岁人群现在吸烟率分别为25.77%和25.64%，2010年和2013年15~69岁人群现在吸烟率在男性人群、45~64岁组人群、农村人群、初中文化程度人群的差异均无统计学意义；2010年和2013年浙江省15~69岁每日吸烟者每天醒后30 min以内吸第一支烟的比例分别为42.11%和40.56%，2010年和2013年每日吸烟者每天醒后30 min以内吸第一支烟的比例差异无统计学意义。结论 浙江省男性吸烟人群水平依然处于高平台期，宣传教育类的干预方法的控烟效果不佳。     

英国成人护理荣誉学士培养方案简介与启示

以英国德蒙福特大学成人护理荣誉学士培养为例,介绍英国成人护理荣誉学士招生、培养方案、教学模块设置等内容。以期从中得到启示,为我国护理教育改革和专业人才的培养提供参考。     

Unusual scalp crusted scabies in an adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patient

A retrospective investigation was made of the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms among 441 patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism in Uppsala in 1956–79, and of the relationship between such symptoms and age, sex and degree of hypercalcaemia. A follow-up, using a mailed questionnaire, was carried out 4–27 years postoperatively.

Psychiatric symptoms were found in 23% of the patients (102/441). The patients with these symptoms had the same sex distribution and serum calcium levels as the other patients, but were significantly older. Severe symptoms occurred more frequently in older patients. Such symptoms were noted not only in patients with very high serum calcium values but also in association with mild or moderate hypercalcaemia.

The most common symptoms were depressive and anxiety states, which occurred in 78 patients. Psychosis with hallucinations and paranoid ideas was found in four patients. Eight patients had an organic brain syndrome and a further 12 patients had minor cerebral impairment.

At the follow-up half of the patients reported an improvement after the first postoperative year. Most of them considered that this improvement was sustained at the time of follow-up.

This study indicates that psychiatric symptoms are common among patients with hyperparathyroidism and can occur even with moderate hypercalcaemia. Elderly patients seem to be more vulnerable and more often develop severe symptoms such as psychosis or organic brain syndrome.     

Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Oils of Eight Cinnamomum. species Against Aedes aegypti. and Aedes albopictus.

Abstract

The leaf oils of eight Cinnamomum. species (C. rhyncophyllum. Miq., C. microphyllum. Ridl., C. pubescens. Kochummen, C. mollissimum. Hook. f., C. impressicostatum. Kosterm, C. scortechinii. Gamb., C. sintoc. Bl., and C. cordatum. Kosterm) were investigated for their larvicidal and adulticidal activities against Aedes aegypti. (Aedes aegypti Lynn) and Aedes albopictus. (Aedes albopictus Skuse). Acute mortalities of the fourth instar larvae and the adult mosquitoes were determined according to the standard WHO methods. Among the essential oils studied, the leaf oils of C. rhyncophyllum., C. microphyllum., C. pubescens., C. mollissimum., and C. impressicostatum. showed significant effects against the larvae of Ae. aegypti. and Ae. albopictus. with concentrations that caused 50% mortality (LC₅₀) values of less than 12.8 and 11.8 µg ml^?1, respectively. The essential oils that showed strong larvicidal effects also demonstrated relatively strong adulticidal effects on the mosquitoes after 3 h exposure with LC₅₀ values ranging from 133.0 to 243.0 µg ml^?1 against Ae. aegypti. and from 118.0 to 194.0 µg ml^?1 against Ae. albopictus.. The efficacy of the oils toward the larvae and adult mosquitoes of both species was nonselective as the LC₅₀ values showed little variation. The chemical composition of the oils was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study suggested that the essential oils containing high levels of benzyl benzoate and benzyl salicylate exhibited strong insecticidal activities against the larvae and adult mosquitoes.     

成人单侧丘脑胶质瘤手术技术探讨

目的 明确如何根据单侧丘脑胶质瘤的解剖位置及生长方向指导手术入路的制定,并探讨相应手术技巧及辅助技术.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2012年6月于我院手术治疗的98例成人单侧丘脑胶质瘤病例资料.53例为低级别胶质瘤,45例为高级别胶质瘤.其中主体基本位于单侧丘脑的胶质瘤81例；主体位于单侧丘脑并向中脑生长的胶质瘤17例.全部病人均行手术切除.结果 肿瘤全切为62例(63％),次全切为26例(27％),大部切除为10例(10％).肿瘤切除术后短期症状明显改善61例(62％),症状无变化29例(30％),症状恶化6例(6％),死亡2例(2％).结论 对于单侧丘脑胶质瘤,选择适合的手术入路、正确的手术技巧,并使用相应术中辅助技术,多数病人能获得显微镜下手术全部切除或次全切除以及良好的手术质量.     

The TEACCH program for children and adults with autism: A meta-analysis of intervention studies

The intervention program for autism known as Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) is considered an emerging practice for autism. In the present study we used state-of-the-art meta-analytical procedures to examine the pooled clinical effects of TEACCH in a variety of outcomes. A total of 13 studies were selected for meta-analysis totaling 172 individuals with autism exposed to TEACCH. Standardized measures of perceptual, motor, adaptive, verbal and cognitive skills were identified as treatment outcomes. We used inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis supplemented with quality assessment, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and heterogeneity and publication bias tests. The results suggested that TEACCH effects on perceptual, motor, verbal and cognitive skills were of small magnitude in the meta-analyzed studies. Effects over adaptive behavioral repertoires including communication, activities of daily living, and motor functioning were within the negligible to small range. There were moderate to large gains in social behavior and maladaptive behavior. The effects of the TEACCH program were not moderated by aspects of the intervention such as duration (total weeks), intensity (hours per week), and setting (home-based vs. center-based). While the present meta-analysis provided limited support for the TEACCH program as a comprehensive intervention, our results should be considered exploratory owing to the limited pool of studies available.