某高校教职工恶性肿瘤173例调查分析

目的探讨某高校教职工恶性肿瘤的患病与构成情况,为肿瘤的预防与控制提供依据。方法回顾性调查某高校2005—2010年173例教职工新发恶性肿瘤的病史资料,统计分析恶性肿瘤的发病率、发病年龄与时间趋势、肿瘤的构成与患病因素。结果该高校教职工近6年来恶性肿瘤的发病率呈上升趋势,肠癌的发病率逐年增高。男性恶性肿瘤的发病率高于女性,前5位恶性肿瘤依次为:肠癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌,肿瘤的发病谱基本兼具发达国家和发展中国家癌谱特征。人口老龄化、精神压力大、不良生活方式等是肿瘤的易患因素。结论应在教职工中积极开展肿瘤预防的健康教育和对高发肿瘤危险因素的干预,进一步提高教职工的自我保健意识和能力,加强对肠癌和肺癌的防控。     

成人颈部淋巴管瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨成人颈部淋巴管瘤的手术治疗及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2003～2011年收治的全部成人颈部淋巴管瘤的病历资料。结果 9例肿瘤完全切除, 未出现神经损伤等明显并发症, 随访6个月～8年无复发。结论 手术治疗成人颈部淋巴管瘤效果理想,可作为首选方法。     

Vague relationship between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome in nonobese people

Fatty liver, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is closely associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Thus, the presence of fatty liver without MS in some conditions may be clinically important. Many studies have shown that compared with no or occasional alcohol intake, moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower prevalence rates of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and lower levels of circulating C-reactive protein, a valuable marker for MS and insulin resistance. Considering these findings, light to moderate alcohol consumption has theoretical benefits on fatty liver and MS. Fatty liver, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, may be more clinically important than MS, particularly in non-obese individuals, because fatty liver can develop before MS in several conditions, such as regular alcohol consumers. Furthermore, most of the currently used MS criteria are unable to detect “true MS” because of variations in multiple factors such as age, height, medications, and complications.     

少数民族与汉族大学生生殖健康知识认知差异的研究

目的了解西北民族大学大学生生殖健康现状,为大学生生殖健康教育政策与措施出台和实施提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法现场匿名书面调查,西北民族大学医学、理工、文科、艺术等专业约1 800名在校学生,内容为生殖健康需求、性态度、性卫生知识和性病知识等4个部分。结果认为自己接受过正规性知识教育的大学生占26.7%,53.2%的大学生愿意参加生殖健康选修课,36.1%的大学生认为生殖健康教育不会增加大学生性行为的发生率,52.1%的大学生认为没必要男女分开授课。57.5%大学生愿意接受婚前性行为,在未婚先孕上有34.5%大学生表示可以接受,在性生活经历方面25.5%的大学生经历过,46.7%大学生在性生活时采取避孕措施。大学生在性传播疾病的知晓率艾滋病占78.2%、淋病46.7%、梅毒48.4%、尖锐湿疣17.1%;知道事后紧急避孕药的大学生仅有20.3%;会计算安全期的大学生仅为28.9%;获取避孕工具的途慷药店58.5%、百货超市33.2%、自动售卖机18.2%、其他20.1%。结论应遮大学生中广泛开展生殖健康教育,探索一条适合本校的、能够满足大学生生殖健康卫生咨询及性病、艾滋病防治教育和培养大学生自我保护技能的有效途径。     

吸烟对男性不育患者精子的影响

目的探讨吸烟对男性不育患者精液常规参数和精子DNA完整率的影响。方法调查310例男性不育患者,采用精液自动分析仪检测精液常规和吖啶橙荧光染色检测精子DNA完整率。结果不育吸烟组精子的精子活率、摆动性、精子畸形率与不育非吸烟组差异显著(P<0.05);a+b级精子百分率、平均移动角度、鞭打频率显著低于非吸烟组(P<0.01);不育吸烟组精子密度和形态低于不育非吸烟组,但无统计学意义。不育吸烟组精子DNA完整率异常例数显著高于不育非吸烟组(χ2=4.596,P<0.05)。结论吸烟可以影响精液常规参数和精子DNA完整率。     

大学生甲型H1N1流感疫苗疑似接种反应调查

目的了解大学生甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种情况及接种后反应。方法对宜昌市1 210例大学在校学生进行调查,内容包括基本情况、接种或未接种的原因、不良反应、发生率、发生时间等。结果大学生甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率为20.0%。不同专业及不同性别的被调查者接种率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);不良反应发生率为10.7%,其中局部反应2.48%,全身反应4.96%;无严重不良反应病例,不良反应出现时间在24 h内有14例,1~2 d有16例,2~6 d出现的7例,1例在接种7 d后出现类流感综合症状。结论甲型H1N1流感疫苗的接种率不高,接种后不良反应发生率较低。     

753名大学生安全性行为认知状况调查

目的了解大学生安全性行为相关认知及态度。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法。选取潍坊市一所综合性大学,分层随机抽取该大学一年级到三年级共计753名同学,以班为单位发放问卷进行调查。结果本次调查发放问卷790份,回收有效问卷753份,有效率为95.32%。调查对象安全性行为知识较贫乏,完全回答正确安全套的使用知识(共七题)的只有5.7%,男生安全性行为知识水平高于女生(t=2.016,P<0.05)。结论应当进一步加强性教育,提高大学生安全性行为的知识水平和能力。     

Status relations in school and their relevance for health in a life course perspective: findings from the Aberdeen children of the 1950's cohort study

In the class room a hierarchical structure of social relations typically develops in which the child's position is a marker of the view of the others, i.e. the extent to which he or she is an accepted and valued member of the group. The status distribution in the school class is likely to correspond to differences in personal characteristics, including behaviours and competencies, and to generate a differential distribution of perceived expectations, treatment, resources and emotions. We argue that these phenomena constitute parts in a developmental process which, through mediators such as self-view and subsequent life choices, may affect adult health. The purpose of this paper is to study whether and how peer status is associated with self-reported health in mid-life. Data was derived from a cohort study of individuals born in Aberdeen, Scotland, between 1950 and 1956. We use information about childhood circumstances, including peer status nominations, collected in the early 1960s, and information about adult circumstances derived from a postal questionnaire carried out among more than 6,000 individuals in 2001-2003. Multivariate analyses yielded a graded association between peer status and adult health problems in the form of limiting longstanding illness and less than good self-rated health. These associations could not be explained by socioeconomic circumstances or differences in individual behaviour and cognitive score in childhood. It was rather subsequent socioeconomic career that seemed to explain the association found among men. For women, a significant association remained, suggesting alternative pathways or mechanisms.     

562名大学生直立性调节障碍分析

目的调查青春发育期直立性调节障碍的发生情况。方法对4650名17~22岁的大学生进行问卷式调查,对可疑学生做直立试验,确定阳性人数进行分析。结果 4650名学生中直接通过调查表问答符合诊断标准者489名,进一步做直立试验后,确认阳性有73人,共计562人,阳性率为12.08%。男∶女≈0.7∶1,差异有统计学意义。结论直立性调节障碍(orthostatic dysregulation,OD)是青春发育期常见病,随着自主神经直立性调节功能逐渐完善,多数在青春发育期后,症状逐渐减少。     

济宁医学院学生压力源和压力强度与心理健康关系的调查

目的调查医学院校大学生压力情况与其心理健康之间的关系。方法采用Beck-Srivastava压力量表(BSSI)对935名医学院校大学生的压力源、压力程度进行检测,同时结合症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其心理健康状况进行综合评定。结果医学院校大学生最常见的压力源为各种考试压力、同学之间的竞争、家庭期望、考虑专业选择是否适合及就业情况。在压力强度方面,参加调查的大学生BSSI得分最小值51分,最大值107分,平均(78.21±10.36)分,明显高于临界值。SCL-90各因子与中国青年常模比较,在人际关系、抑郁和敌对性3个因子得分均高于全国青年常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在性别方面,男生在人际关系和敌对性2个因子上得分高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论医学院校大学生压力情况与心理健康状况密切相关,应引起学校重视并及早进行相关心理辅导。