肝切除术治疗区域性肝内胆管结石

目的 探讨肝内区域性胆管结石肝切除术的适应症、方法、效果。方法 对本科2年来14例肝内区域性胆管结石实行肝叶切除术进行系统回顾。结果 肝内胆管结石伴有肝内胆管狭窄、胆管慢性炎症、肝实质受损表现;肝叶切除后,结石清除率达100％,手术后症状很快缓解,围手术期渡过平稳,近期随访无复发。结论 对肝内区域性结石患者采用肝叶或肝段切除是一种有效、安全、彻底的治疗方法;对伴有肝内部分胆管狭窄梗阻的,有胆管炎症状的,有肝组织受损的患者应尽早实施。     

纤维胆管镜治疗术后残余结石320例分析

（1）目的 总结320例胆管术后,经T管窦道纤维胆管镜治疗残余结石的经验。（2）方法 对320例胆管术后残余结石病人行纤维胆管镜取石,分析其临床表现并予以随访。（3）结果 结石取净287例,失败33例,（4）结论 纤维胆管镜对于术后胆管残余结石的治疗起着重要作用。     

输尿管镜直视下气压弹道碎石治疗泌尿系结石（附301例报告）

目的：输尿管镜直视下气压弹道碎石术治疗泌尿系结石的临床疗效。方法：1997年5月－2001年4月期间对276例输尿管结石,25例尿道结石采用输尿管镜直视下气压弹道碎石治疗。结果：输尿管结石碎石成功率97．1％（268／276）,并发症发生率1．45％（4／276）,主要为输尿管穿孔,尿道结石成功率100％,结论：输尿管镜直视下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石,尿道结石临床疗效确切,尤其适用于泌尿系结石的急诊处理。     

肾盂肾下盏夹角对结石清除率的影响

目的：观察肾盂肾下盏夹角及结石大小对结石排净率的影响。方法：选择68例肾下盏结石患者,通过IVU影像,测量夹角与结石直径,并经ESWL治疗,随访2月,观察结石排空情况。结果：68例患者,结石完全排出42例,总的排石排空率为61．7％。结论：提示肾盂肾下盏夹角,结石直径对结石排净率有重要影响。     

肾盂输尿管癌p53、nm23表达的临床意义

目的：揭示p53、nm23基因表达与肾盂输尿管癌生物学行为的关系。方法：采用免疫组化SABC法和原位杂交技术检测p53、nm23的表达。结果：肾盂输尿管癌p53、nm23阳性表达分别为51．1％（23／45）和46．7％（21／45）。p53阳性表达T2－T3为60％（21／35）,T1为20％（2／10）,P＜0．05;G2－G3为59．0％（23／39）,G1为0％（0／6）。nm23阳性表达T2－T3为48．6％（17／35）,T1为40％（4／10）,P＞0．05,G2－G3为48．7％（19／39）,G1为33．3％（2／6）,P＞0．05。p53阳性表达术后再发膀胱癌与阴性表达相比较P＞0．05。nm23阳性表达术后膀胱癌再发为61．9％（13／21）,阴性表达为20．9％（5／24）,P＜0．05。p53、nm23阳性表达生存率明显低于阴性表达,P＜0．05。结论：p53阳性表达与肾盂输尿管癌病理分期、分级有关,nm23阳性表达与术后再发膀胱癌有关。p53和nm23可能是判断肾盂输尿管癌预后的指标之一。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石86例

目的：观察输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法：自1998年5月至1999年4月采用输尿管尿镜下气压弹道碎石治疗86例输尿管结石,一次碎石成功73例,2例再次碎石成功,0达满意疗效,5例改行ESWL术,6例改行开放手术。结论：输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石是治疗输尿管结石的有效手段,具有疗效好,治疗快速、病人痛苦小、费用低、可以门诊治疗等优点。     

腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术联合切取法活检术在肾铸型结石合并肾盂癌诊治中的作用

本研究回顾性分析了2015年3月至2019年6月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院收治的3例肾铸型结石合并肾盂癌患者的病例资料,男2例,女1例。年龄52~81岁。既往均有腔镜碎石术史。3例术前检查发现肾盂或肾盂输尿管连接处可疑占位。3例均行腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术,术中切取占位组织活检,分别确诊为肾盂中-低分化鳞癌、浸润性尿路上皮癌、肾盂中分化鳞癌,均行腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术。3例术后随访16~48个月,1例术后16个月出现腹膜后淋巴结转移,2例术后分别随访3年和4年未见复发转移。复杂性肾铸型结石合并肾盂癌容易出现漏诊,选择性采用腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术联合切取法术中活检,能有效提高活检确诊率,是避免漏诊、实现诊疗一体的新型微创手术方式。     

British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) consensus document: management of bladder and ureteric injury

Injuries to the bladder and ureter are uncommon but usually require prompt urological management. Due to their infrequent nature, Urologists maybe unfamiliar with managing these acute problems and may not work in specialist centres with readily available expertise in open and abdominal surgery. We aim to provide advice in the form of a consensus statement led by the Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology (FNUU) Section of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS), in consultation with BAUS members and consultants working in units throughout the UK, to create a comprehensive management pathway and a series of statements to aid clinicians.     

A “bridge” technique to replace the obstructed single-J stent in the patient with ileal conduit urinary diversion: a case report

The ureteroileal anastomotic stricture is a complication of ileal conduit urinary diversion. To prevent the hydronephrosis and protect the renal function, a single-J ureteral stent may be needed. However, the most common complication of these patients is single-J stent obstruction. To solve this problem, we describe an easy, useful and low-cost technique to replace the obstructed ureteral stent under radiographic guidance without intervention by flexible cystoscopy or percutaneous nephrostomy. The key steps of our procedure are to identify the location of the stricture, to place the super smooth guide wire into pinhole of the obstructed single-J stent and to get the super smooth guide wire and 5-Fr ureteral catheter across the stricture. Our case was a 40-year-old male patient who was diagnosed as pelvic lipomatosis and received ileal conduit urinary diversion 3 years ago. The left-side ureteroileal anastomotic stricture occurred 1 year after surgery. He refused to repair the stricture by open or other minimal invasive surgery. He regularly changed his ureteral stent with intervals of three months. As the stent was obstructed by the stone, the guide wire couldn’t be inserted through the primary ureteral stent. We used our “bridge” technique to solve his problem successfully. No bleeding and no urinary tract infection were observed after intervention. The urine from the ureteral stent was fluent. We think that this “bridge” technique may be a good choice for the replacement of the obstructed single-J stent in the patients of ileal conduit urinary diversion.     

Experience managing distal ureteral strictures with Boari flap-psoas hitch and comparison of open and laparoscopic procedures

BackgroundTo summarize our experience with the Boari flap-psoas hitch and compare the indications, perioperative data and outcomes between open and laparoscopic procedures.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed 35 patients with complex distal ureteral stricture between January 2015 and April 2019. All patients were treated with Boari flap-psoas hitch by either an open or a laparoscopic procedure. Selection criteria were based on the etiology, comorbidities, medical history, and patient preference.ResultsAll surgeries were performed successfully. The median operation time was 201 min (range, 120 to 300 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 50 mL (range, 20 to 400 mL). The median postoperative hospitalization was 9 days (range, 3 to 46 days). Nineteen patients were treated by the open procedure, and 16 were treated by the transperitoneal laparoscopic procedure. The surgical indication of open surgery was broader than that for laparoscopic surgery. For patients experiencing iatrogenic injury and ureterovesical reimplantation failure, no significant differences in sex, laterality, operative time, ASA score or postoperative hospitalization stay were observed between the two groups. The median estimated blood loss was lower in the laparoscopic group than in the open group (P=0.047). Patients in the open group had more surgical complications than patients in the laparoscopic group (P=0.049). The postoperative follow-up showed the radiological resolution of hydronephrosis in 33 patients.ConclusionsWith the appropriate surgical considerations, Boari flap-psoas hitch is a valid method to bridge distal ureteral defects. For select patients, laparoscopic surgery had advantages being a minimal invasive surgery with less estimated blood loss and fewer surgical complications.