Intraplacental choriocarcinoma with fetomaternal transfusion

Intraplacental choriocarcinoma is very rare, and is usually found only after maternal and fetal metastatic disease is identified. The purpose of this case report is to review the incidence and findings of intraplacental choriocarcinoma. A term placenta was investigated because the newborn was born with severe anemia (Hb 3.0 g/dL). A 2 cm nodule was noted on the surface of the amniotic membrane and grossly resembled an infarction. The tumor was examined microscopically with immunohistochemical staining for the alpha- and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (alpha-hCG, beta-hCG) subunits, human placental lactogen (hPL) and Ki-67. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of necrotic areas with proliferation of atypical trophoblastic cells and destruction of the villi and capillaries. The cells were positive for the alpha-hCG, beta-hCG subunits, hPL and Ki-67, consistent with intraplacental choriocarcinoma. The mother and newborn were investigated for the presence of metastatic disease. Computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging of the mother and infant were negative for metastatic disease. Choriocarcinoma, limited only to the placenta with no evidence of metastatic disease is very rare. Primary intraplacental choriocarcinoma may frequently be overlooked or missed, and choriocarcinoma may possibly arise in the placenta more often than in retained or persistent trophoblast following pregnancy.     

Quality validation of platelets obtained from the Haemonetics and Trima Accel automated blood-collection systems

BackgroundPlatelet transfusion is required to treat haemo-oncology or trauma patients. Platelet apheresis (PA) performed with apheresis equipment has increased rapidly in recent years. Leucocyte-reduced platelet apheresis (LRPA) can reduce the risk of platelet refractoriness and febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) for transfusion. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate and compare the platelet metabolic and functional responses between PA performed with Haemonetics and LRPA performed with Trima Accel cell separator.MethodsThe qualities of platelets collected through PA and LRPA were evaluated in terms of visual appearance, morphology, platelet-aggregation changes, metabolic activities, and bacterium-screening test during 5-day storage. Statistical analyses included two-sample t-test and generalised estimating equation(GEE) method.ResultsDuring 5-day storage in LRPA, residual leucocytes were all <1.0×10⁶, and the parameters of platelet function were as follows: platelet aggregated to agonists such as adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, and the extent of shape change and pO₂ showed no statistically significant difference between PA and LRPA. The hypotonic shock reaction (HSR) on days 0, 1, and 3 were significantly higher in LRPA than in PA (71.78±6.92 vs. 64.10±7.42; P=0.002; 71.53±8.98 vs. 62.96±9.84; P=0.007; 68.05±7.28 vs. 57.76±6.80; P<0.0001, respectively). Values of mean platelet volume (MPV) were statistically larger in PA than in LRPA on days 0, 1, and 3. On day 5, the swirling score was higher in LRPA than in PA. The mean lactate levels had no statistically significant difference between PA and LRPA. Moreover, no growth was observed through bacterium-screening test conducted on 40 samples.ConclusionComparison of LRPA and PA products collected from the Trima Accel and Haemonetics automated blood-collection systems, respectively, revealed that both products possessed good platelet qualities even though additional processes are needed to reduce leucocytes. Furthermore, investigating the outcomes of other apheresis instruments with focus on the safety of donors, products, and recipients is necessary.     

医院输血科选址的合理性分析

通过分析临床科室取血工作量情况及2019年12602袋血液取发血的情况,对医院的输血科的位置选择提出建议。     

富血小板血浆在妇科疾病治疗中应用及其研究现状

富血小板血浆(PRP)是人自体全血经离心后获得的血小板浓缩物,含有大量生长因子及蛋白质。PRP因其有助于组织再生、伤口愈合、瘢痕修复等作用,在骨科、皮肤科、口腔颌面外科、整形美容科等领域应用广泛,而在妇科领域应用迄今相对较少。最新研究结果显示,PRP具有促进子宫内膜和卵泡生长作用,在治疗薄型子宫内膜(TE)、改善子宫内膜容受性(ER)、恢复卵巢功能等方面取得较大进展,并为多种妇科疾病治疗提供新的研究方向和手段。笔者拟就PRP的制备及分类、在妇科疾病治疗中的应用及其前景展望等最新研究现状进行阐述。     

原位杂交法检测肝组织中输血传播病毒

采用对称和不对称PCR法 ,以地高辛素标记双链和单链探针 ,用原位杂交法检测了 56例肝组织中输血传播病毒 (TTV)核酸 ,以探讨TTV的致病性。发现 51例非甲～非庚型肝炎肝组织中TTV总检出率为 2 7.5% ( 1 4 /51 ) ;5例非肝炎肝组织杂交阴性。TTVDNA主要定位于肝细胞核内 ,受染肝细胞见于急性、慢性和重症肝炎的肝组织。双链探针杂交结果与单链探针检测病毒基因链的结果一致 ,2例 ( 2 /6)例组织TTV基因链与互补链同时存在。提示TTV是导致肝炎的一种新病原 ,并且在肝脏内有复制     

内外科输血前四项检查结果的调查分析

为了了解内外科输血前四项检查结果的情况,笔者总结了从2000年11月～2001年5月的外科420人和内科69人因各种疾患需要输血的住院患者检查结果外科、内科乙肝六项检查含HBsAg阳性各为27例、8例,阳性率分别为6.4%(27/420)、11.6%(8/69);抗HCVIgG阳性各为12例、6例,阳性率分别为2.9%(12/420)、8.7%(6/69);梅毒抗体阳性分别为3例、2例;外科HIV抗体全阴性,内科阳性2例.提示输血前四项检查很有必要,以减少不必要的由输血引起的医疗纠纷.     

肝移植术中大量输血的影响因素分析及预测模型构建

目的探讨肝脏移植术中大量输血的影响因素,并建立大量输血的预测模型。方法回顾性分析南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院2018年度肝脏外科同一肝移植小组进行的103例肝移植受者资料,根据受者术中红细胞输注量分为大量输血组(≥12 U)40例和非大量输血组(<12 U)63例,比较分析两组受者的一般情况和术前指标,用Logistic回归分析法得出肝移植术中大量输血的预测模型。结果大量输血组和非大量输血组在性别、年龄、血型等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而术前诊断、血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(HCT)、血小板计数(PLT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)、血清直接胆红素(DBIL)、终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分等指标与术中大量输血存在相关性(P<0.05)。通过Logistic回归分析,得出肝移植术中大量输血的预测模型为Y=3.545-0.112×HCT-0.009×PLT+0.005×DBIL。其预测值经受试者操作特征曲线曲线分析得出曲线下面积为0.813,灵敏度和特异度分别为80.0%和71.4%,约登指数(Youden's index)为0.514,即Y≥0.514时则可能发生术中大量输血。结论肝移植受者术前HCT、PLT和DBIL可以作为术中大量输血的独立预测因素,其预测模型有较好的灵敏度和特异度。     

Observational study of pre-operative intravenous iron given to anaemic patients before elective cardiac surgery

Cardiac surgical patients with anaemia experience increased morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of pre-operative anaemia in this group. We designed and implemented the Cardiff Pathway, a pre-assessment and treatment pathway to identify cardiac surgical patients with anaemia and iron deficiency. Patients identified with anaemia and/or iron deficiency (Hb < 130 g.l^-1 and ferritin < 100 μg.l^-1) were offered intravenous iron infusion 20 mg.kg^-1 pre-operatively. Treatment success was defined as Hb ≥ 130g.l^-1 on the day of surgery. We analysed data from 447 patients: 300 (67%) were not anaemic; 75 (17%) were anaemic and treated with intravenous iron; and 72 (16%) were anaemic and not treated. Haemoglobin concentration increased in successfully treated anaemic patients by a mean (95%CI) of 17 (13–21) g.l^-1 and they received a median (IQR [range]) of 0 (0–2 [0–15]) units of blood peri-operatively. Transfusion was avoided in 54% of the successfully treated anaemic patients, which was significantly more than the unsuccessfully treated anaemic (22%, p = 0.005) and untreated anaemic (28%, p = 0.018) patients and similar to non-anaemic patients who received a median (IQR [range] of 0 (0–1 [0–16])) units of blood and, 63% avoided transfusion). Mean (95%CI) Hb fell between pre-assessment and surgery in the untreated anaemic (-2 (0 to -4) g.l^-1) and non-anaemic groups (-2 (-1 to -3) g.l^-1). Twenty-one (7%) of the non-anaemic group became newly anaemic waiting for surgery. The Cardiff Pathway reliably identified patients with anaemia and iron deficiency. Anaemic patients who had their Hb restored to normal after treatment required less blood peri-operatively and over half of them required no transfusion at all.     

TTV核酸模板快速制备方法

目的 寻求建立适合大批量临床标本检测TT病毒（TTV）核酸快速制备方法,直接用于PCR扩增。方法 应用蛋白酶K裂解酚氯仿抽取法与直接快速裂解法,分别制备TTV核酸做PCR模板,用于TTV的聚合酶链反应的快速检测。结果 在30例非甲－非庚型肝炎血清和50例慢性乙型肝炎患血清,应用经典的蛋白酶K裂解酚氯仿抽取法和直接快速裂解法,分别制备TTV核酸模板,在相同条件下进行PCR扩增,结果两种制备方法的符合率为89％。结论 TTV是一种新发现的肝炎病毒,目前主要以实验室检测病毒核酸的存在为诊断依据,建立了具有快速、简便、适合大批量临床标本中TTV核酸制备方法,对TTV肝炎的快速诊断,具有重要的意义。     

用国产自体-2000型血液回收机进行血液回收的动物实验研究

通过动物实验研究自体 2 0 0 0型血液回收机的应用价值。方法 :用杂种犬 5只制作外科出血模型 ,并用自体 2 0 0 0型血液回收机行自体血液回收。观察实验犬术后生存情况 ,术前、术后 1周行血常规及血液生化检测。其中 3只犬术后 1周取心、肝、肺、肾、脑、脾进行病理切片检查。结果 :5只犬术后均无输血反应 ,恢复顺利 ,存活良好。血液化验正常。 3只犬术后 1周病理切片检查正常。结论 :国产自体 2 0 0 0型血液回收机回收失血效果良好。血液回输后实验动物无输血反应。对重要器官无明显影响 ,应用该型血液回收机安全、有效。