血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白水平与缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的关系

目的]探讨血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白(sTM)水平对缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的预测价值。 [方法]收集符合纳入标准的缺血性卒中患者183例作为研究对象,根据rt-PA静脉溶栓后24 h神经功能缺损程度将患者分为神经功能恶化组31例和非神经功能恶化组152例。收集患者年龄、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等一般临床资料,血浆sTM水平采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测;rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的缺血性卒中患者血浆sTM与一般资料的相关性采用Pearson法及Spearman法分析;血浆sTM对缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的预测价值采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析;采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的因素。 [结果]神经功能恶化组血浆sTM水平[(50.64±12.17)μg/L比(33.76±8.67)μg/L]及年龄[(67.34±10.87)岁比(60.22±11.05)岁]、hs-CRP[(12.59±3.23)mg/L比(4.92±1.13)mg/L]和空腹血糖[(7.31±1.96)mmol/L比(5.86±1.92)mmol/L]水平、糖尿病比例(32.26%比16.45%)显著高于非神经功能恶化组(P＜0.05)。rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的缺血性卒中患者血浆sTM与年龄、hs-CRP、空腹血糖、糖尿病均呈正相关(P＜0.05)。血浆sTM预测缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.852,特异度为81.6%,灵敏度为80.6%。sTM、空腹血糖是缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后发生早期神经功能恶化的独立影响因素(P＜0.05)。 [结论]血浆sTM水平对缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化有重要预测价值。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清微小RNA-590水平变化及意义

目的]探究急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血清微小RNA-590(miR-590)水平变化及与预后的关系。[方法]选取2019年2月—2020年10月接受静脉溶栓和动脉取栓治疗的176例AIS患者作为研究对象,根据治疗后90天的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将其分为预后良好组(n＝123;mRS评分0～2分)、预后不良组(n＝53;mRS评分3～6分)。用实时荧光定量PCR法检测AIS患者血清miR-590水平;用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价miR-590预判AIS预后的价值;用Logistic回归分析AIS预后的风险因素。[结果]预后不良组的年龄、男性占比、糖尿病史占比、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和入院至溶栓时间(DNT)均高于预后良好组(P＜0.05)。按1∶1进行倾向性评分匹配后,治疗前预后不良组的miR-590相对水平低于预后良好组,预后不良组和预后良好组的治疗后miR-590相对水平均高于治疗前,治疗后预后不良组的miR-590相对水平升高程度高于预后良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗前miR-590预判AIS预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.793,高于miR-590差值(治疗前和治疗后血清miR-590相对水平的差值)(P＜0.001)。Logistic回归分析结果显示FPG、TC、NIHSS评分和DNT是AIS预后的独立危险因素(P＜0.05),治疗前血清miR-590水平是AIS预后的独立保护因素(P＜0.001)。[结论]AIS患者静脉溶栓和动脉取栓治疗前血清miR-590水平低与AIS预后不良有关。     

Acute myocardial infarction after blunt chest trauma in young people: Need for prompt intervention

We describe four cases of acute myocardial infarction in young patients, secondary to blunt chest trauma. One case was treated with intracoronary thrombolysls and angioplasty, two cases received systemic thrombolysis, and the last one did not have any reperfusion therapy. The coronary angiograms of the left anterior descending artery showed thrombosis in two cases, coronary dissection in one case, and no morphological lesions in the other. We encourage the early performance of angiographic studies in these patients, adjusting the therapy to their pathophysiologic mechanism.     

Low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin(R)) prevents early reocclusion following femoral artery thrombolysis with rt-PA in rabbits

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lowmolecular weight heparin Fragmin on thrombolysis with tissue-typeplasminogen activator (rt-PA) and to compare its effect to thatof standard heparin. A rabbit thrombosis model was used, consistingof a blood clot produced in an isolated femoral artery segmentwith superimposed endothelial damage and distal stenosis. Thirtyrabbits were randomized to three treatment groups with rt-PA(30 µ.g. kg^–1. min^–1 for 60 min and no additionaltherapy), rt-PA with Lv. standard heparin (200 IV. Kg^–1bolus and then 70 IU. Kg^–1 hourly) and rt-PA with s.c.Fragmin (a single dose of 500 IU. Kg^–1) prior to rt-PAadministration. In six of 10 rabbits given rt-PA only, recanalizationwas observed, which was persistent in three. In eight of 10rabbits given rt-PA with intravenous heparin, reflow was achieved,which was persistent in three. Fragmin resulted in recanalizationin eight of 10 rabbits, with persistent patency in each recanalizedrabbit. Reflow time was not shortened with either standard heparinor Fragmin compared with rt-PA alone (64±41, 56 ±18, 50 ±23 min respectively), (P=0·7). Persistentreocclusion after reflow was not observed with Fragmin (0/8)but was present with both standard heparin (518, P=0·03vs Fragmin) and rt-PA alone (316, P=0·05 vs Fragmin). Thus, in the femoral artery of the rabbit, Fragmin, unlike standardheparin, was found to prevent reocclusion following rt-PA thrombolysis.     

急性心肌梗死冠状动脉内血栓溶解治疗与再灌注性心律失常

２２例急性心肌梗死患者接受经皮冠状动脉内血栓溶解治疗，经即刻冠状动脉造影证实１４例冠状动脉再通。９例（６４．３％）发生再灌注性心律失常（ＲＡ）。１４例中７例（５０．０％）为室性ＲＡ，３例（２１．４％）发生加速性室性自主节律，后者为提示再灌注的特异性较高的指标。一过性缓慢性心律失常的５例（３５．８％）均发生在下壁及（或）后壁梗死。ＲＡ的发生与再灌注前心肌缺血时间和缺血性心律失常存在与否无关，心肌功能严重受损患者可能更易发生ＲＡ。本文并就如何预防和治疗ＲＡ进行了探讨。     

Cardiac troponins in the elderly:interpretation of elevated levels

Elderly patients with myocardial infarction commonly present with symptoms other than chest pain. The clinician evaluation of the elderly may rely on laboratory methods more so than in younger patients. Fortunately,advances in laboratory science have brought newer biomarkers of cardiac injury to the clinical arena including cardiac troponins I and T(cTnI,cTnT) . These regulatory components of the contractile apparatus are sensitive indicators of myocardial injury. Their central role in the current definition of acute myocardial infarction highlights their utility in the diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemic syndromes. The troponins are also released in some clinical situations where thrombotic complications of coronary artery disease and resultant acute myocardial infarction have not occurred. Examples of these conditions include conditions like myocarditis,pulmonary embolism,sepsis,and acute stroke. Elevated troponins in these conditions are thought to emanate from injured myocardial cells and in most circumstances have been associated with adverse outcomes. Interpretation of elevated troponin in the elderly requires consideration of other possible conditions.     

Effect of verapamil on systolic and diastolic coronary blood flow velocity in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVE: To assess non-invasively the effect of verapamil treatment on coronary blood flow velocity in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. DESIGN: High frequency transthoracic Doppler echocardiography was used to compare resting phasic coronary blood flow velocity before and after a one month period of verapamil treatment in 17 patients (14 men and three women) with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eighteen healthy subjects formed an age and sex matched control group. Systolic and diastolic coronary blood flow velocity was measured in the distal portion of left anterior descending coronary artery using high frequency transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Blood flow velocity before and after verapamil was compared in the patients with cardiomyopathy and with the results in the control group. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had increased diastolic coronary blood flow velocity (41.8 (8.1) v 59.9 (21.9) cm/s, p < 0.01) and a lower mean systolic coronary blood flow velocity (18.7 (10.8) v -11.2 (27.5) cm/s, p < 0. 01) before verapamil treatment. A backward pattern of systolic flow, manifested by negative values of coronary blood flow velocity, was recorded in eight of the patients, while no negative values were found in the controls. After verapamil treatment the retrograde systolic blood flow was restored to an anterograde pattern in only one patient. The mean value of systolic coronary blood flow velocity did not change significantly and remained lower than the systolic forward flow velocity in the controls (-3.6 (31.8) v 18.7 (10.8) cm/s, p < 0.05). However, diastolic coronary blood flow velocity decreased significantly after verapamil (59.9 (21.9) v 50.7 (19.5) cm/s p < 0.05), reaching a level comparable with that in the controls (50.7 (19.5) v 41.8 (8.1) cm/s, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to healthy subjects, in non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy the systolic pattern of coronary blood flow was heterogeneous (both retrograde and anterograde), and diastolic coronary blood flow velocity was abnormally increased, despite a lack of significant symptoms. Verapamil treatment did not restore the forward pattern of systolic blood flow but decreased diastolic blood flow velocity to a level comparable with that in healthy subjects.     

Ventricular septal rupture masquerading as coronary perforation during intervention for acute myocardial infarction

Ventricular septal rupture is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction. We experienced a case of septal rupture immediately after primary angioplasty with thrombolysis, whose angiographic findings were similar to those of coronary perforation. The progression of septal rupture was delineated by the serial angiograms. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:466–470. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Noninvasive transcutaneous low frequency ultrasound enhances thrombolysis in peripheral and coronary arteries

Previous studies have shown that external ultrasound with low frequencies and high intensities can enhance thrombolytic drug-induced clot dissolution during in vitro experiments. In this series of studies, we evaluated the efficacy of peripheral and coronary thrombolysis in vivo in animals by using noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound combined with thrombolytic drugs (streptokinase and tPA) and/or microbubbles agents (dodecafluoropentane [DDFP] and perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin [PESDA]). Thrombotic occlusions were induced in 74 rabbit iliofemoral arteries and 24 canine left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries in this in vivo study. By using the combination of transcutaneous ultrasound and streptokinase, the angiographic patency rate in rabbit iliofemoral arteries was higher (56%-100%) than with ultrasound (6%; P < or = 0.0036) and streptokinase alone (6%; P < or = 0.0012). Also, with transcutaneous ultrasound and microbubbles, the angiographic patency rates were 76%-100% as compared with ultrasound alone (0%, P < or = 0.0003) or microbubbles alone (9%, P < or = 0.0001). In the canine study of acute myocardial infarction, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade flow at 90 minutes in the tPA alone group was 0.92 +/- 1.4 as compared with 2.42 +/- 1.9 in the tPA plus transthoracic ultrasound group (P = 0.006). There was much improved reperfusion with tPA plus ultrasound as compared with tPA alone. In vivo animal studies demonstrate that noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound can greatly enhance the effect of clot dissolution with thrombolytic drugs and/or microbubbles, and has the potential for clinical application as an adjunctive method to improve arterial thrombolysis.     

冠状动脉内超声溶栓治疗急性冠脉综合征的临床观察

目的　探讨低频高能超声溶解急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)闭塞相关血管或“罪犯”血管血栓及粥样硬化斑块的有效性和安全性。　方法　ACS患者26例,其中ST段抬高急性心肌梗死19例,非ST段抬高心肌梗死3例,不稳定性心绞痛4例;左前降支闭塞 10 例,左冠状动脉闭塞 4 例,右冠状动脉闭塞5例。超声溶栓后对闭塞相关血管行急诊经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术。　结果　超声溶栓后,闭塞相关血管前向血流达心肌梗死溶栓试验3 级 19 例,开通 19 例,开通率为 73%(19/26),其中冠状动脉左前降支成功率最高。超声溶栓成功患者胸痛能完全缓解,心电图ST段下降50%以上,但术后残余狭窄平均为(73±11)%。急诊经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后6例,残余狭窄降至(13±7)%(P<0. 05)。在超声溶栓中,7例出现并发症。　结论　低频高能超声可有效、安全溶解闭塞相关血管血栓,对富含血栓的病变可进行超声溶栓,可作为经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的互补手段在临床应用。