醋酸地塞米松喷雾剂的制备及质量控制

目的制备醋酸地塞米松喷雾剂并建立质量控制方法。方法以壳聚糖为辅料、醋酸地塞米松为主要成分制备喷雾剂,采用紫外分光光度法测定醋酸地塞米松的含量。结果醋酸地塞米松在6~30μg.ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均回收率102.18%,RSD=0.46%,(n=5)。结论醋酸地塞米松喷雾剂制备工艺可行,含量测定方法简便、准确。     

醋酸曲安奈德鼻喷剂长期应用对鼻粘膜的影响

目的 :观察醋酸曲安奈德鼻喷剂长期应用对鼻粘膜和鼻纤毛有无损害作用。方法 :杂色犬 12只 ,高剂量组、低剂量组及对照组各 4只。高剂量组采用 0 .6 4 %醋酸曲安奈德鼻喷剂 ,每日 1次 ,每次 2个鼻孔各喷药 1次 (880 μg) ;低剂量组采用0 .14 %醋酸曲安奈德鼻喷剂 ,每日 1次 ,每次 2个鼻孔各喷药 1次 (2 2 0 μg) ;对照组采用 0 .9%NaCl,每日 1次 ,每次 2个鼻孔各喷 10 0 μl。用药前后观察鼻腔粘膜、血常规 ;用药后 ,光镜和电镜观察鼻粘膜。结果 :用药后 ,鼻粘膜、血常规均正常 ,三组间无差异 ,光镜和电镜下未见鼻粘膜病损。结论 :醋酸曲安奈德鼻喷剂长期应用对鼻粘膜无毒害作用     

儿童鼻后滴漏综合征233例治疗分析

目的 对鼻后滴漏综合征患儿治疗的结果进行分析,探讨其治疗方法.方法 233例患儿确诊后采用减充血剂、局部使用儿童鼻喷剂、改善黏膜纤毛功能等系统治疗,均随访3 个月以上,以主观症状是否改善作为评价指标.结果 218例患儿的症状有不同程度的改善,15例患儿自述症状改善不明显,有效率达93.6%.结论 尽管鼻后滴漏综合征病因复杂,但通过系统的药物治疗,仍可取得较理想的效果.     

城镇蚤类防治的研究

目的研究城镇家庭蚤类有效防治方法。方法实验室药效试验、现场防治试验。结果实验室条件下3种气雾剂，0．1％、0．2％、0．3％高效氯氰菊酯毒粉对印鼠客蚤24h死亡率为100％；30mg ai／m^2高效氯氰菊酯、25mg ai／m^2顺式氯氰菊酯的可湿性粉剂和悬浮剂对印鼠客蚤在水泥板面上第45天杀灭率均达100％；现场条件气雾剂第1天RPI 9．88，第15天RPI 92．44，高效氯氰菊酯滞留喷洒、毒粉撒布、点状撒布第1天RPI分别为8．83、15．21、42．62，第15天RPI均为0。结论高效氯氰菊酯制剂采用滞留喷洒、毒粉撒布、点状撒布的用药方式可有效控制城镇家庭蚤类危害。     

A comparative study of three methods of nasal irrigation

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of three methods of nasal irrigation on distributing saline to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. DESIGN:: A prospective, cross-over study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve subjects (9 patients with chronic sinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery and 3 healthy controls) underwent nasal irrigation with normal saline containing Technetium 99m sulfur colloid. The distribution of radioactivity was assessed on each subject after three different irrigation techniques: metered nasal spray, nebulization with RinoFlow, and nasal douching while kneeling with the head on the floor. RESULTS: The nasal cavity was well irrigated by all three techniques. Compared with the other two methods, douching was significantly more effective in penetrating the maxillary sinus (P = .036) and frontal recess (P = .003). The sphenoid and frontal sinuses were poorly irrigated by all three techniques. CONCLUSION: Nasal douches are more effective in distributing irrigation solution to the maxillary sinus and frontal recess. This should be the method of choice for irrigating these areas.     

Evaluation of the antiherpetic activity of standardized extracts of Achyrocline satureioides

Traditionally, Achyrocline satureioides or 'marcela' has been used in South America for the treatment of several disorders. For the present study, three spray-dried extracts (N1, N2 and N3) were used, all of them prepared with 50% of an hydroethanolic extract rich in flavonoid compounds and 50% of blends of different adjuvants. The cytotoxic concentration which causes destruction in 50% monolayer cells (CC50) was 62.5 microg/ml for the three extracts. The antiviral activity was evaluated by using two different strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and the best results were obtained with KOS strain and N2 extract. Studies concerning the mechanism of the antiherpetic activity demonstrated that N2 extracts showed no virucidal effect or activity on cellular receptors. HSV-1 DNA synthesis was not inhibited. The antiherpetic activity occurred between the second and ninth hour of the virus replication cycle, probably indicating a perturbation on late stages of this cycle.     

Preventive effect of silymarin against taurolithocholate-induced cholestasis in the rat

Increased amounts of monohydroxylated bile salts (BS) have been found in neonatal cholestasis, parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis and Byler's disease, among others. We analyzed whether the hepatoprotector silymarin (SIL), administered i.p. at the dose of 100mg/kg/day for 5 days, prevents the cholestatic effect induced by a single injection of the model monohydroxylated BS taurolithocholate (TLC, 30 micromol/kg, i.v.) in male Wistar rats. TLC, administered alone, reduced bile flow, total BS output, and biliary output of glutathione and HCO(3)(-) during the peak of cholestasis (-75, -67, -81, and -80%, respectively, P<0.05). SIL prevented partially these alterations, so that the drops of these parameters induced by TLC were of only -41, -25, -60, and -64%, respectively (P<0.05 vs. TLC alone); these differences between control and SIL-treated animals were maintained throughout the whole (120 min) experimental period. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that TLC decreased the intrinsic fractional constant rate for the canalicular transport of both sulfobromophthalein and the radioactive BS [14C]taurocholate by 60 and 68%, respectively (P<0.05), and these decreases were fully and partially prevented by SIL, respectively. SIL increased the hepatic capability to clear out exogenously administered TLC by improving its own biliary excretion (+104%, P<0.01), and by accelerating the formation of its non-cholestatic metabolite, tauromurideoxycholate (+70%, P<0.05). We conclude that SIL counteracts TLC-induced cholestasis by preventing the impairment in both the BS-dependent and -independent fractions of the bile flow. The possible mechanism/s involved in this beneficial effect will be discussed.     

Systemic bioavailability of fluticasone propionate administered as nasal drops and aqueous nasal spray formulations

AIMS: To measure and compare the systemic bioavailability of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray and a new nasal drop formulation, using a sensitive analytical method and high dose regimen. METHODS: Volunteers received four 800 microg doses of fluticasone propionate as a nasal spray or drops over 2 days, separated by an 8 h dose interval. On day 2, blood samples were collected for assay of fluticasone propionate plasma concentrations. RESULTS: The mean systemic exposure, for both formulations was 8.5 pg x ml(-1) x h (drops) and 67.5 pg x ml(-1) x h (spray). Mean absolute bioavailabilities were estimated to be 0.06% (drops) and 0.51% (spray), by reference to historical intravenous data. CONCLUSIONS: Both formulations exhibited low systemic bioavailability, even at 12 times the normal daily dose. The bioavailability from the nasal drops was approximately eight times lower than from the nasal spray.     

Effect of topical nasal steroid spray in the treatment of non-specific recurrent / chronic pharyngitis - a trial study

Objective  Non-Specific Chronic/Recurrent Pharyngitis is a diagnosis with no definite effective treatment. An array of drugs and therapies has been tried from local applications like Mandl’s paint and throat gargles to anxiolytics. None have proved of therapeutic benefit. This trial study is a Pilot study of its kind in to the effectiveness of nasal steroid spray in the treatment of non-specific chronic pharyngitis. This is a prospective randomized study. Setting  Study done in medical college with ambulatory patients centre. Patients  53 patients were taken up for the study though only 42 could be followed up for a period of 1–2.5 years. Selection done on the basis of symptoms avoiding extreme age groups and subjective persistent relief was central to be considered proof of effectiveness of the treatment. Fluticasone Nasal Spray was used in the study. Results  35 patients (83.3%) reported some degree of relief in symptoms. 68% had >90% relief of symptoms with only a total of 1–2 sprays. There were 7 failures. Side effects were negligible. Conclusion  Nasal steroid spray is therefore recommended as a most cost-effective, safe treatment method for well-selected cases of Chronic Non-Specific Pharyngitis.     

水飞蓟素自微乳化胶囊的制备及大鼠体内药动学

 目的研制水飞蓟素自微乳化胶囊并对其进行体内外评价。方法通过溶解度试验和伪三元相图的制备筛选处方;制备水飞蓟素自乳化胶囊,考察其乳化后微乳的粒径、形态和体外溶出情况;以原料药作对照,RP-HPLC测定了大鼠灌胃后的血药浓度,用DAS ver1.0软件计算药动学参数。结果以辛癸酸甘油酯为油相,Cremophor RH40为表面活性剂,Transcuto lP为助表面活性剂,制备得自微乳化溶液,稀释100倍后测定粒径为18.8nm,胶囊在10min内基本上能全部溶出;大鼠体内药动学研究结果得自微乳化胶囊和原料药的主要参数分别为t_max=(1.0±0.00),(1.80±0.45)h;ρ_max=(14.62±2.42),(5.75±1.23)mg·L^-1;AUC=(83.60±11.03),(36.00±5.90)mg·h·L^-1。结论将水飞蓟素制成自微乳化胶囊能显著提高其体外溶出和体内吸收。