开放性眼外伤并发眼内炎高危因素分析

目的:探讨开放性眼外伤并发眼内炎的高危因素。方法:回顾性分析开放性眼外伤315眼,分析不同因素对眼内炎发生率的影响。结果:在开放性眼外伤中,细长异物的穿刺伤、玻璃体异物存留及晶状体后囊破裂均可增加眼内炎的发生几率,差异有统计学意义;而缝合时间>24h可增加眼内炎的发生几率,但差异没有统计学意义;伤口增大未增加眼内炎的发生几率。结论:玻璃体内异物存留、细长异物的穿刺伤、晶状体后囊破裂是开放性眼外伤并发眼内炎的高危因素,在及时缝合的前提下,伤口的增大并不会增加眼内炎的发生率。     

胎膜早破对新生儿多器官系统的损害与临床管理

胎膜早破(PROM)是孕产期常见临床问题,可对胎儿和新生儿健康造成多方面的损害,尤其是导致其肺发育障碍和感染,甚至导致胎儿死亡或增加新生儿死亡率。本文结合本课题组在这方面的研究工作及国内外相关文献,对PROM及其对胎儿-新生儿的危害予以介绍,以加强其临床管理、改善PROM之胎儿-新生儿的预后。     

不同硅胶管置管方式治疗儿童泪小管断裂的临床疗效

目的:探讨不同硅胶管置管方式治疗儿童泪小管断裂的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析我院2014-01/2015-12收治的儿童泪小管断裂患者42例42眼.根据入院时间顺序分为两组,单路泪道留置硅胶管组20例20眼,环形留置硅胶支撑管组22例22眼,对比分析两组患者的治疗效果.结果:术后2wk~1mo,单路泪道留置硅胶管组有4眼患者由于护理不当,不慎将硅胶管脱落,再次手术处理.环形留置硅胶管组患者无硅胶管脱落者,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).单路泪道留置硅胶管组中,治愈16眼,好转1眼,无效3眼,均为术后2wk~1mo硅胶管脱落患者(1眼为犬咬伤患者,2 眼为放炮炸伤患者),治疗有效率为85%.环形留置硅胶管组中,治愈20眼,好转2眼,治疗有效率为100%.两组患者治疗有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:儿童泪小管断裂需及时手术治疗,合理的手术治疗多能获得较好的手术效果,采用环形留置硅胶管较单路泪道留置硅胶管稳定性好,并发症少,临床治疗效果好.     

Fifty‐one cases of fungal arteritis after kidney transplantation: A case report and review of the literature

Fungal arteritis affecting graft arteries is a rare but life‐threatening complication in kidney transplantation (KT). Here, we report the case of a patient with Aspergillus arteritis who experienced renal artery rupture 8 days after KT. We also reviewed 50 other reported cases of fungal arteritis after KT. We found that fungal contamination can occur during kidney graft harvest, preservation, and/or transplantation. Typically, early diagnosis, timely antifungal treatment, and emergency surgery seem crucial for avoiding life‐threatening vascular complications.     

通道辅助微创与切开跟腱缩短术治疗陈旧性跟腱过长的疗效比较

目的 比较通道辅助微创跟腱缩短术与切开跟腱缩短术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂愈合后跟腱过长的疗效.方法 回顾分析2013年12月-2015年12月符合入选标准的19例患者的临床资料,其中8例采用通道辅助微创跟腱缩短术,11例采用切开Krackow跟腱缩短术.两组患者性别、年龄、受伤至手术时间、术前小腿周径、术前美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)评分等一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性.比较两组的手术时间、手术切口长度、术后住院时间,术后跟腱恢复情况,小腿周径和AOFAS评分.结果 微创组手术时间、手术切口长度及术后住院时间均显著少于切开组(P<0.05).术后8周随访时MRI显示两组患者跟腱均恢复连续性.两组末次随访时小腿周径和AOFAS评分均高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 通道辅助微创缩短术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂愈合后跟腱过长的疗效与切开跟腱缩短术相似,且具有手术时间短、切口小、住院时间短、可避免腓肠神经损伤等优点.     

External cephalic version in premature rupture of membranes: a systematic review

Background: External cephalic version (ECV) increases the likelihood of a vaginal delivery in patients with breech presentation. Our objective was to determine the rate of cephalic vaginal delivery in women undergoing ECV after PROM.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of all case reports, case series and clinical trials of patients undergoing an ECV after PROM?≥?24 weeks. Maternal demographics and outcome data were obtained. The primary outcome was rate of cephalic vaginal delivery. Statistical analysis was performed for continuous outcomes by calculating mean and standard deviations for appropriate variables.

Results: The systematic review yielded six papers with 13 case reports and no clinical trials of ECV after PROM. The rate of success to cephalic presentation was 46.1% (six of 13 cases), with a subsequent vaginal delivery rate of 23.1% (three of 13 cases). The rate of umbilical cord prolapse was 33.3% (two of six cases).

Conclusions: ECV after PROM has been reported in 13 cases in the literature. For the cases reported, 46.1% of ECV were successful in turning to cephalic position, but only 23.1% resulted in a vaginal delivery. There was a 33.3% incidence of umbilical cord prolapse. Given the high rate of umbilical cord prolapse, it would be imperative to offer an ECV in the setting of PROM only at an institution that has the ability to perform the indicated emergent cesarean delivery and only after appropriate counseling.     

两种入路手术治疗闭合性跟腱断裂43例临床分析

目的　总结分析两种跟腱断裂修复手术入路和方式,对术后并发症和疗效的临床影响。 方法　回顾笔者2002.1~2015.12收治的闭合性跟腱断裂手术治疗患者43例,其中传统入路组（25例）术中采用传统的跟腱后部正中偏内侧1 cm处的连续长切口,改良入路组（18例）采用新的踝后约3 cm长的“S”形短斜行切口加近段跟腱边缘处2对纵行小切口组合。跟腱缝合方法均采用Bunnell法。总结分析2种入路术后伤口不愈合、皮神经损伤、跟腱再断的发生率及疗效。 结果 术后随访9个月~5年,传统入路组术后伤口不愈合4例,跟腱再次断裂1例,无皮神经损伤病例。改良入路组术后发现腓肠神经损伤1例,无伤口不愈合及跟腱再次断裂发生。两组术后并发症的发生率比较,传统入路组伤口不愈合的发生率较高（P<0.05）。两组跟腱再次断裂及皮神经损伤发生率无明显差异（P>0.05）。跟腱修复术后6个月时按照Arner-indholm评分标准,改良入路组优良率较高（P<0.05）。 结论　采用改良手术入路,术中沿踝后部皮肤皱褶走向,采用斜跨跟腱的短S形切口,加近段跟腱边缘处成对小切口,术后并发症较少,功能恢复较好。     

Redefining 3Dimensional placental membrane microarchitecture using multiphoton microscopy and optical clearing

IntroductionRemodeling of human placental membranes (amniochorionic or fetalmembrane) throughout gestation, a necessity to accommodate increasing uterine volume, involves continuous alterations (replacement of cells and remodeling of extracellular matrix). Methodologic limitations have obscured microscopic determination of cellular and layer-level alterations. This study used a combination of advanced imaging by multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy along with tissue optical clearing to characterize the 3Dimensional multilayer organization of placental membranes.MethodsPlacental membranes biopsies (6 mm) collected from term, not-in-labor cesarean deliveries (n = 7) were fixed in 10% formalin (native) or treated with 2,2′-thiodiethanol to render them transparent for deeper imaging. Native and cleared tissues were imaged using MPAM (cellular autofluorescence) and SHG (fibrillar collagen). Depth z-stacks captured the amnion epithelium, underlying matrix layers, and in the cleared biopsies, the decidua layer.ResultsMPAM and SHG revealed fetal membrane epithelial topography and collagen organization in multiple matrix layers. Term amnion layers showed epithelial shedding and gaps. Optical clearing provided full-depth imaging with improved visualization of collagen structure, mesenchymal cells in extracellular matrix layers, and decidua morphology. Layer thicknesses measured by imaging corroborated with histology. Mosaic tiling of MPAM/SHG image stacks allowed large area visualization of entire biopsies.ConclusionMPAM-SHG microscopy allowed for study of this multi-layered tissue and revealed shedding, gap formation, and other structural changes. This approach could be used to study structural changes associated with membranes as well as other uterine tissues to better understand events in normal and abnormal parturition.     

扩髓髓内钉联合交叉韧带重建治疗股骨干骨折不愈合的临床研究

目的　观察扩髓髓内钉联合交叉韧带重建治疗膝关节不稳型（合并交叉韧带损伤）股骨干骨折不愈合的临床疗效。 方法　对10例合并交叉韧带损伤的股骨干骨折不愈合病例的临床研究,探讨分析膝关节稳定性对股骨干骨折愈合的影响,采用“原内固定取出+扩髓髓内钉重新固定股骨干+膝关节交叉韧带重建”的方法,治疗膝关节不稳型股骨干骨折不愈合。 结果　10例患者均得到随访,股骨干骨折愈合率100%,Tohner-Wrnch标准评定优,膝关节功能Lysholm评分优良率100% 。 结论　膝关节不稳是股骨干骨折不愈合的一个重要因素;对股骨干骨折的治疗必须考虑是否合并膝关节不稳;“原内固定取出+扩髓髓内钉重新固定股骨干+膝关节交叉韧带重建”的治疗方法对合并交叉韧带损伤的股骨干骨折不愈合的临床疗效确切。     

First report of splenic rupture following deep enteroscopy

Splenic rupture is a rare complication of diagnostic and therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures.Herein,we report for the first time a case of splenic rupture following therapeutic retrograde double-balloon enteroscopy,which occurred in an 85-year-old man who was treated for recurrent mid-intestinal bleeding that resulted from ileal angioectasia.This patient promptly underwent an operation and eventually recovered.