PTEN基因蛋白在胆囊癌组织中表达的研究

目的 :探讨抑癌基因PTEN蛋白在胆囊癌组织中的表达情况及其临床病理意义。方法 :应用免疫组化对 2 8例胆囊腺癌 ,4例胆囊鳞癌及其相应癌旁组织中PTEN蛋白进行检测 ,并结合患者的临床病理资料进行分析。结果 :PTEN蛋白在 32例癌旁组织中全都呈阳性表达 ,而癌组织中PTEN阳性表达率仅 34.4 %。胆囊癌组织中PTEN蛋白阳性表达与患者性别、年龄及组织类型无明显相关性 ,但与组织分化程度明显相关。结论 :PTEN蛋白在胆囊癌组织中阳性表达率较低 ,说明该基因失活可能在胆囊癌发生发展中起重要作用。PTEN阳性表达对胆囊癌患者的预后有一定意义     

反义人端粒酶RNA组分基因对胃癌细胞端粒酶活性的影响

目的 克隆人胃癌细胞端粒酶RNA组分（hTR）基因片段并构建其正义和反义真核表达载体,研究反义端粒酶RNA对人胃癌细胞株MKN-45端粒酶活性的影响。方法 采用RT-PCH方法从人胃癌细胞株MKN-45中扩增出人hTR部分cDNA序列,将该片段分别正向和反向插入PEF6/V5-His-TOPO载体后构建人端粒酶RNA组分（hTR）基因正、反义真核表达载体,随后采用脂质体转染法将该正、反义载体转染入人胃癌细胞株MKN-45,用TRAP法观察后者端粒酶活性的改变。结果 所克隆的基因片段其碱基序列与文献报导完全一致,且插入载体的方向完全正确。与正常对照、转染正义载体、空载体者比较,转染反义载体者端粒酶活性显著下降。结论 本实验已成功克隆了人端粒酶RNA组分（hTR）基因的部分序列并成功构建hTR正反义真核表达载体,而且反义端粒酶RNA能有效降低人胃癌细胞株MKN-45端粒酶活性。     

植物抗体及其应用

20世纪80年代末科学家将抗体基因转入烟草表达,标志着植物抗体的诞生.人类既可以以植物为生物反应器异源表达和生产具有药用及商业价值的蛋白质;也可用抗体在植物体中进行免疫调节,以研究植物生理代谢机制,或增加植物抵抗病虫害的能力.本文旨对植物抗体的优越性、表达生产及其在医药学、植物抗病及代谢等领域的进展进行综述和讨论.     

p21WAF1与p27KIP1真核双表达载体的构建鉴定及在胃癌细胞中的表达

目的 构建p21WAF1与p27KIP1真核双表达载体,体外转染胃癌7901细胞,观察其在胃癌细胞中的表达及相关特性.方法 提取人全血总RNA,利用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增p21WAF1和p27WAF1基因并将其分别克隆到真核双表达载体pIRES中构建重组质粒pIPES-p27KIP1-p21WAF1,经酶切和测序鉴定重组质粒.脂质体介导重组质粒plRES-p27KIP1.p21WAF1"转染胃癌7901细胞,收集并提取转染后12、24、48、72 h和5 d各细胞的总RNA,逆转录成cDNA,荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)检测各细胞中p21WAF1和p27KIP1在RNA水平的表达.带有绿色荧光蛋白的pIRES-EGFP作为对照.结果 RT-PCR扩增分别获得约500和600 bp大小的产物,重组质粒pIRES-p27KIP1.p21WAF1经酶切和测序鉴定证实为p21WAF1和p27KIP1基因.转染胃癌7901细胞48 h时转染率为68%.与空质粒对照组比较,重组质粒转染胃癌7901细胞12、24、48、72 h和5 d后FQ-PCR证实p27KIP1的Ct值(cycle threshold,Ct)分别减少8.2、10、10、7.4和6.7,p21WAF1的Ct值分别减少7.4、8.2、8.2、6.3和5.70其中24 h和48 h的Ct值减少最大.结论 真核双表达载体pIRES-p27KIP1.p21WAF1构建成功并能在胃癌7901细胞内高效表达.     

Age determines memory for face identity and expression

Background: The recognition of facial expressions is an important component of emotion processing which contributes to interactional behavior. One of the factors highly associated with potential decline of ability in behavioral tasks is age. Methods: We have investigated age‐related changes in facial identity and expression memory of healthy subjects in three age groups: young adults (20–40 years), elderly adults (60–80 years) and, for the first time in the literature, very old adults (over 80 years of age). Using a picture test, photographs of faces with happy or angry expressions were presented to study participants during the encoding task, and the memory for identity and emotional facial expression was investigated in a subsequent recognition task showing emotionally neutral faces. Half of the faces presented in the recognition task were initially shown in the encoding task. Results: Age interacted with the memory process: the ability to recognize both facial identity and emotional expression declined with advanced age. Happy facial expressions were better recognized in all age groups. Although there was a continuous overall decrease in recognition of both happy and angry expressions with advanced age, the effect favoring happy facial expressions was stable also in very old adults. Other factors such as gender or educational level did not affect the memory process for facial expressions. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that age is a significant determinant of memory for facial identity and emotional expression, and that, similar to younger adults, the recognition process of the elderly favors happy emotional facial expressions.     

凋亡素基因序列重组及其真核表达载体的构建

目的:提高凋亡素基因在肿瘤细胞中的表达效率,增强其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的生物学活性.方法:通过两次PCR,以pcDNA-VP3质粒为模板,扩增出带Kozak序列(真核核糖体结合位点)的凋亡素基因VP3.将其克隆到真核表达载体pRevTRE的多克隆位点,构建成凋亡素的真核表达载体pRevTRE-VP3,将该质粒分别以限制性内切酶BamHI和XhohI进行酶切鉴定,将初步鉴定显示可能克隆有目的基因的质粒进行测序鉴定.结果:测序结果表明,本研究合成的凋亡素基因与Noteborn报告的凋亡素基因序列一致,同源性为l 00%.在其起始密码子前添加了Ko zak序列的凋亡素基因已成功克隆到真核表达载体pRevTRE.结论:采用两次PCR法可提高表达效率的真核核糖体结合位点添加到凋亡素基因序列起始密码子前端,并构建成凋亡素真核表达载体.     

Gene expression profiling of human lymph node metastases and matched primary breast carcinomas: Clinical implications

The genetic program that drives tumor metastasis and the mode and timing of its initiation are of great practical significance to clinical management. Modern technical advances open new opportunities for gaining useful relevant information. Gene expression profiles of histologically‐verified viable tissue from lymph node metastases were compared with those of matched primary breast cancers from 10 different patients, among samples from over 400 cases, using high‐throughput oligonucleotide arrays comprising probes for 22,000 genes. It was observed that metastases have very similar expression signatures to their parent tumors. However, detailed computational analysis revealed that a small number of genes were consistently differentially expressed between 100% of tumors and metastases, suggesting that these are mechanistically important. Lists of such candidate genes, of potential clinical interest, are provided. We interpret these results in the framework of a meta‐analysis of previous investigations by others and ourselves and of existing clinical knowledge on the behavior of human tumors. The collective data show that metastases resemble their primary tumors but the signatures obtained in different studies are not sufficiently reproducible or informative to be prognostically useful, although they do give valuable insights into the pathogenesis and biology of human tumor metastasis. The findings indicate that the genetic program encoding metastasis is implemented progressively over time although, occasionally, this evolution can occur rapidly, early in the life of the neoplasm. The important clinical significance of this deduction is that, in most patients, early detection provides time for appropriate therapeutic intervention to be effective in obstructing metastasis.     

肝癌多药耐药产生与低糖环境的关系

目的探讨局部微环境低糖与肝细胞癌多药耐药性(MDR)产生的关系及影响机制。方法低糖培养HepG2细胞,应用流式细胞术Annexin V/PI法检测低糖培养的细胞在化疗药物5-氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)作用后的凋亡情况,分别应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术和Western blot技术检测低糖培养后HepG2细胞内多药耐药相关基因mdr1、MRP1、LRP的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果在低糖环境下生长时间越长的HepG2细胞对5-Fu的抵抗越强,而且随着低糖培养时间的增加,5-Fu诱导的HepG2细胞的凋亡高峰延迟。低糖培养的HepG2细胞内多药耐药相关基因mdr1、MRP1、LRP在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达随低糖培养时间的延长而升高,以LRP的改变最为显著。结论肝癌生长微环境葡萄糖耐量不足也是肝癌产生MDR的原因之一。低糖可通过上调一组多药耐药相关基因的表达而诱导肝癌的多药耐药性。     

CAD基因原核表达载体的构建及表达产物的活性鉴定

目的构建pCool—GST—ICAD／CAD的表达载体，并存大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达具有生物学活性的CAD核酸酶？方法用PCR扩增CAD基因，将扩增产物克隆入pCool—GST—ICAD载体中构建出pCool—GST—ICAD／CAD表达载体。经酶切和电泳鉴定正确后，在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达，表达产物经亲和层析、离子交换层析及凝胶过滤等方法分离纯化。最后用SDS—PAGE和DNA降解实验进行鉴定。结果构建了pCool—GST—ICAD／CAD原核表达载体，重组载体转化后表达出毫克级水平的GST—ICAD／CAD蛋白复合体。经分离纯化后得到纯度很好的CAD—ICAD篮白复合体，在SDS—PAGE电泳上旱现清晰的两条蛋白带。经DNA降解实验证明纯化所得的CAD蛋白具有非特异性降解DNA的核酸酶作用。结论成功制备了具有生物学活性的CAD核酸酶，为进一步研究细胞凋亡的作用机制提供了有效的制剂。     

GPC3在卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨GPC3在卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法 利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测2004年1月～2005年10月手术获得的35例卵巢上皮性癌组织及23例正常卵巢组织中GPC3 mRNA的表达量,并结合卵巢癌的临床病理特点进行分析.利用Western blot技术检测4例卵巢癌组织和3例正常卵巢组织中GPC3蛋白的表达水平.结果 GPC3 mRNA在卵巢癌组织中的表达量低于正常卵巢组织(P＜0.05),部分卵巢癌组织无GPC3 mRNA表达.GPC3 mRNA的表达量与卵巢癌临床分期有关,在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期卵巢癌组织中的表达量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期(P＜0.05).GPC3 mRNA与CA125在卵巢癌中的表达无相关性(P＞0.05).GPC3蛋白在正常卵巢组织中的表达水平是卵巢癌组织中的2～3倍.结论 GPC3在卵巢癌的发生发展中起着一定作用,其与CA125联合应用有可能提高卵巢癌的阳性诊断率.