铸造呼吸性粉尘与尘肺的剂量-反应关系

铸造呼吸性粉尘与尘肺的剂量－反应关系凌之琰，胡建安，罗莎菲，向秋，张建中（湖南医科大学劳动卫生学教研室，长沙４１００７８）为了探索呼吸性粉尘与尘肺发病的关系，为我国制定呼吸性粉尘卫生标准提供科学依据，我们对某市６个铸造厂４１６名铸造工人尘肺的发病情况...     

血液灌流加长效托宁治疗重度有机磷中毒的效果观察

目的 :观察血液灌流加长效托宁治疗重度有机磷中毒 (HOPP)的疗效。方法 :按入院时间先后随机分成三组 ,对比观察治愈率、住院时间、用药次数及总药量。结果 :血液灌流并长效托宁组治愈率高 ,住院时间短 ,用药次数及总药量均明显减少。结论 :血液灌流并长效托宁可提高抢救成功率 ,降低医护人员的劳动强度 ,降低患者的医疗费用 ,可在临床推广应用     

急性一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病的MRI诊断

目的 探讨急性一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病的MRI表现，提高对该病的正确诊断率。资料与方法 总结和分析临床证实的19例急性一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病的MRI表现。结果 (1)脑白质异常信号7例，主要分布于侧脑室旁的脑白质及半卵圆中心，为大片状长T1、长T2信号，呈对称分布。(2)苍白球斑点状异常信号4例，其中3例为双侧苍白球对称性长T1、长T2信号，1例为右侧苍白球短T1、长T2信号并左侧黑质点状长T1、长L信号。(3)侧脑室旁脑白质及半卵圆中心对称长T1、长T2信号并基底节异常信号8例。有7例并双侧苍白球异常信号，3例为长T1、长T2信号，4例为短T1、长T2信号；1例并右侧内囊及左侧尾状核头部短T1、长T2信号。结论 MRI是诊断急性一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病的最佳影像学检查方法。     

Effects of 4-dimethylaminophenol and Co2EDTA on circulation,respiration, and blood homeostasis in dogs

The effects of intravenously injected 4-dimethylaminophenol and Co₂EDTA on peripheral circulation, respiration, acid-base balance, and several other physiological and biochemical parameters were studied on dogs. DMAP increased the respiratory minute volume and mean arterial pressure, diminished the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, and induced an increase in arterial oxygen pressure caused by liberation of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin during the formation of ferrihemoglobin.A study in vitro of the fate of the oxygen during the reaction between DMAP and oxyhemoglobin showed that only 30–40% of the oxygen released by the formation of ferrihemoglobin appeared in the gas phase.Co₂EDTA caused circulatory depression, hyperventilation, and metabolic acidosis resulting in a decrease in base-excess and pH. The concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, potassium, and urea nitrogen and the hemoglobin content were increased by Co₂EDTA. The side effects of Co₂EDTA in therapeutic doses were more serious than those of DMAP. Thus the latter is superior in the therapy of cyanide poisoning, all the more since it detoxifies more cyanide.     

Effect of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) on the distribution of manganese-54 in rats

The effect of single dose of NTA on the removal of radio-manganese in various organs and in plasma has been studied in rats which received single i.v. injection of⁵⁴Mn(II). The lowered value of radio-manganese in NTA treated rats as compared to control animal indicates that NTA binds rapidly and forms stable and diffusible complex resulting in the fast excretion of the injected⁵⁴Mn(II).     

Neem oil poisoning

Twelve children were admitted with convulsions and altered sensorium following ingestion of locally obtained neem oil. Ten died within 24 hours. Of the six children investigated completely, four showed significant acidosis and all showed significant rise in serum transaminases suggesting liver damage. All had normal CSF values. Liver biopsy done in one showed fatty degeneration.     

Application of Radioreceptor Assay of Benzodiazepines for Toxicology

Abstract: A radioreceptor assay (RRA) for determining benzodiazepines (BZ) has been developed and applied to toxicological analysis of serum samples from 21 patients with acute BZ overdosage. The method was sensitive (e.g., lorazepam 17 nM, diazepam 41 nM), and specific for pharmacologically active BZ derivatives. The reproducibility of the results was good (intra-assay variation <8%, inter-assay variation <10%). Concentrations measured by the RRA showed a good correlation with those obtained by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the same samples. The quantitative results represent the sum of one or several parent substances and all biologically active metabolites, in proportion to their receptor binding affinities.     

慢性砷中毒的心电图改变

本文报告在新疆奎屯地区对慢性砷中毒61例进行心电图检查的结果,出现异常的48例(78.69％)。有些病例出现一种以上的异常。单项以Q一’I‘(延长者31例,窦性心律失常者17例,各种类型的传导阻滞15例,左室高电压7例,非特异性ST—T改变5例,前间壁心肌纤维化、双室肥厚各1例。选择同时期同区域’内饮水含砷正常者90人心电图结果作对照,异常检出率20％(18/90),以窦性心律失常多见。两组有显著差别(p相似文献   

尿香草扁桃酸测定对锰中毒早期诊断的意义

本文对440名锰作业工人进行了尿香草扁桃酸(VMA)测定,结果明显高于对照纽,差异非常显著(P<0.001)。本文还讨论了锰接触者尿VMA升高的机理。作者认为尿VMA可作为锰中毒早期诊断较为客观的指标。     

23例四氧化二氮急性中毒患者X线诊断临床分析

目的:通过对23例四氧化二氮急性中毒患者的X线分折,旨在提高早期肺水肿的诊断率。方法:对23例男性患者均摄取立位胸部正侧位片并进行分析。结果:13例患者胸片未见异常,7例患者为中毒性支气管炎,2例患者为化学性肺炎,1例患者为急性肺水肿。结论:X线胸片检查是早期诊断肺水肿最好方法。