合肥市部分人群SARS认知及行为态度

目的　了解合肥市部分人群对 SARS的认知情况及行为态度。方法　对合肥市两个社区及一所大学的部分人群共 1332人进行现况调查 ,比较不同性别、职业、文化程度对 SARS的总体认知水平。结果　合肥市人群对 SARS的认知情况尚好 ,总体平均得分 ( 15 .0 2± 1.98)分 (总分 18分 )。结论　合肥市居民对 SARS的认知水平总体较高 ,但存在群体差异 ,卫生行政部门应加强对公众的宣传教育 ,以提高全体居民的健康意识 ,进而预防 SARS的发生     

An outbreak of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with malignancy

An outbreak of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in three patients within a 6 week period was reported. Two patients had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and one had brain-stem glioma. They shared common features of immuno-suppression and absence of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and had been nursed in the same room. The severity of PCP and its response to treatment may be related to the degree of immunosuppression. Because of the morbidity and mortality of PCP, chemoprophylaxis should be given to all at-risk cases. Furthermore, isolation of patients with PCP should be considered in view of increasing evidence of nosocomial transmission.     

脑卒中后遗症老年人易患肺炎及其影响预后的因素

目的分析影响脑卒中后遗症老年人易患肺炎及其影响预后的因素。方法分析117例脑卒中后遗症老年人因肺炎而反复住院的病史资料，对存活与病死不同转归的病人进行比较。结果53例死亡，占45．3％。单因素分析显示性别、卧床不起时间、吞咽反射障碍、血清白蛋白水平是影响脑卒中后遗症老年病人易患肺炎及其影响预后的因素。结论脑卒中后遗症老年人患肺炎及其影响预后有多方面因素，对吞咽反射障碍的病人置入鼻饲管可以改善预后。     

Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia with secondary aspergillosis in an AIDS patient

Summary A 40-year-old, HIV-infected female patient received antibiotic treatment for a urinary tract infection. After the initial success of therapy and a symptom-free period, she developed pneumonia with septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In spite of intensive care and respirator therapy with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), she died of infectious toxic shock. Autopsy findings showed relapsing, gramnegative, bacterial pneumonia (morphologically compatible with Klebsiella pneumonia) and secondary, invasive aspergillosis. The pathogenesis and epidemiology of these unusual complications of AIDS are discussed.Abbreviations AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome - CDC Centers for Disease Control - HIV human immunodeficiency virus - PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure     

肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎50例临床分析

目的：了解肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎的发病现状和对抗生素的耐药性及其治疗。方法：采用回顾性分析我院于2001年1月－2002年6月住院肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎50例的发病，对抗生素耐药性及其治疗。结果：患多见于中老年男性，临床表现以发热、咳嗽、咳痰多见。结果：肺炎克雷伯杆菌对抗生素具有多重耐药性，耐药率为氨苄西林100％，替卡西林96％，阿莫西林／棒酸54％，头孢西丁46％，庆大霉素44％，培福沙星42％，头孢他定38％，未发现对亚胺培南的耐药菌株。结论：肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎临床表现无特殊性，亚胺培南对肺炎克雷伯杆菌的耐药率最低，应作为治疗重症肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎首选用药。     

Climatic factors and Pneumocystis jiroveci infection in southern Spain

The modes of infection and transmission of Pneumocystis jiroveci remain unclear. This study explored the relationship between the incidence of infection and climatic factors. In total, 536 cases of P. jiroveci infection were identified in the period 1994-1998, with an inverse correlation between the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia and the minimum mean ambient temperature (Spearman correlation coefficient: r - 0.30; p 0.02; ARIMA model: r - 0.250, p 0.07). The highest number of cases occurred in winter (anova test, p < 0.05), and there was a clear season-related incidence of P. jiroveci infection.     

中西医结合早期干预对SARS肺部炎症的影响

[目的]以X线胸片为主要观察指标,对中西医结合治疗SARS的临床疗效进行客观评价,为SARS临床筛选有效的干预方案提出科学依据。[方法]采用多中心前瞻性队列研究的方法,通过对参加国家863重大项目“中医结合治疗SARS临床研究”的北京地区11家医院361例确诊SARS患者的1561张X线胸片的研究,阐明中西医结合治疗对SARS肺部炎症的影响。[结果]从总体疗效来看,X线胸片总积分西医组平均为5.85±6.5。中西医结合组为6.67±7.61;普通型西医组为4.79±5.6。中西医结合组为5.40±6.86;重型西医组为7.67±6.34,中西医结合组为8.16±7.60,以上两组间比较均未见显著性差异 (P>0.05)。但发病7d内开始干预的胸片总积分西医组平均为6.39±6.48、中西医结合组为4.40±4.97,中西医结合组X线胸片总积分明显低于西医组 (P=0.0004);普通型西医组为4.59±5.22、中西医结合组为3.99±4.67,两组间比较未见显著性差异 (P=0.12);重型西医组为9.14±7.24、中西医结合组为5.30±5.48,组胸片总积分明显低于西医组(P=0.034);说 明发病7 d内对SARS患者进行中西医结合治疗,肺部炎症的吸收明显优于西医组,总体疗效与重型患者的疗效均具有统计学意义。[结论]中西医结合早期干预对SARS肺部炎症吸收的临床疗效具有明显的优势。     

呼吸机相关肺炎的发生原因及护理对策探讨

目的　为进一步探讨发生呼吸机相关肺炎的因素和护理措施。方法　对 70例使用机械通气辅助治疗的重症监护病房 (ICU)病人 ,取深部痰液进行细菌培养与分离及药敏试验 ,并采用综合护理措施。结果　 70例患者除 4例因原发病病情恶化死亡外 ,无一例因呼吸机相关肺炎而导致病情恶化 ,延误治疗 ,且缩短了住院时间。结论　正确的气道管理 ,合理应用抗生素 ,良好的饮食护理等辅助治疗 ,能够降低呼吸机相关因素肺炎的发病率     

短波紫外线照射对小儿肺炎及中性粒细胞吞噬功能和IL－2的影响

用短波紫外线照射患儿腰背部皮肤辅助治疗小儿肺炎，提示紫外线治疗组与对照组相比，显著缩短患儿发热。咳嗽及肺部湿罗音消失时间（Ｐ＜０．０１）。用化学发光法测定中性粒细胞吞噬功能，治疗组患儿血液内中性粗细胞吞噬功能显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。同时测定治疗组患儿血中ＩＬ－２低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），并对上述结果机理进行了探讨。     

酚妥拉明与多巴胺治疗难治性肺炎20例

目的 :观察酚妥拉明与多巴胺治疗难治性肺炎的疗效。方法 :对 2 0例难治性肺炎的患儿 ,在常规治疗的基础上 (予抗生素、止咳化痰、超声雾化、拍背 ) ,用酚妥拉明和多巴胺静点 ,每日 1次。结果 :总有效率 90 %。结论 :酚妥拉明与多巴胺治疗难治性肺炎疗效好、价格低、副作用小 ,值得临床推广