Self, World and Space: The Meaning and Mechanismsof Ego- and Allocentric Spatial Representation

The problem of how physical systems, such as brains, come to representthemselves as subjects in an objective world is addressed. I developan account of the requirements for this ability that draws on and refines work in a philosophical tradition that runs from Kant throughPeter Strawson to Gareth Evans. The basic idea is that the ability torepresent oneself as a subject in a world whose existence isindependent of oneself involves the ability to represent space, andin particular, to represent oneself as one object among others in anobjective spatial realm. In parallel, I provide an account of howthis ability, and the mechanisms that support it, are realizedneurobiologically. This aspect of the article draws on, and refines,work done in the neurobiology and psychology of egocentric andallocentric spatial representation.     

The “General Recognition and Acceptance” Standard of Objectivity for Good Faith in Prescribing

The United States Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit has ruled that a jury considering charges of drug trafficking against a pain management physician should be instructed that the defendant's good faith is a defense to the charges. The court rejected a subjective standard of good faith, and instead ruled that the good faith of the defendant must be evaluated from an objective perspective. This objective standard requires that the jury determine whether the defendant was practicing in accordance with the standard generally recognized and accepted in the United States. General recognition and acceptance are determined on a case-by-case basis, within the context of a defendant's practice. Simply because a physician's practice is out of the norm for many physicians does not mean it can't be generally recognized and accepted within the standard of medical practice. Expert witness testimony of pain management physicians will assist juries in the application of this standard for good faith in prescribing.     

Treating real people: Science and humanity

Something important is happening in applied, interdisciplinary research, particularly in the field of applied health research. The vast array of papers in this edition are evidence of a broad change in thinking across an impressive range of practice and academic areas. The problems of complexity, the rise of chronic conditions, overdiagnosis, co‐morbidity, and multi‐morbidity are serious and challenging, but we are rising to that challenge. Key conceptions regarding science, evidence, disease, clinical judgement, and health and social care are being revised and their relationships reconsidered: Boundaries are indeed being redrawn; reasoning is being made “fit for practice.” Ideas like “person‐centred care” are no longer phrases with potential to be helpful in some yet‐to‐be‐clarified way: Theorists and practitioners are working in collaboration to give them substantive import and application.     

慢性乙型肝炎中医证候与舌象客观量化指标相关性的临床研究

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎(简称慢性乙肝)患者中医证候及舌象客观量化指标的变化同中医病理因素的关系,初步建立慢性乙肝舌象客观量化信息数据库,为中医客观化在临床疗效评价方面做初步探讨。方法:采用中医智能舌象仪对慢性乙肝患者舌象客观量化指标进行采集,并对其与相应中医临床证候的相关性进行分析。结果:1)舌苔面积与临床症状胁肋疼痛、肝脾肿大、身目发黄、脘闷腹胀、食欲不振、倦怠乏力、神疲懒言、恶心呕吐、嗳气、大便稀溏呈正相关;2)舌质颜色R、G、B与临床症状胁肋疼痛、食欲不振、嗳气呈负相关;3)舌质颜色G、B与临床症状身目发黄、倦怠乏力呈负相关;4)舌质颜色B与临床症状肝脾肿大、口干而苦呈负相关;5)舌苔颜色R、G、B与临床症状胁肋疼痛、身目发黄、食欲不振、嗳气呈负相关;6)舌苔颜色R、B与临床症状倦怠乏力呈负相关;7)舌苔颜色B与临床症状肝脾肿大、口干而苦呈负相关;8)齿痕数量、面积与临床症状胁肋疼痛、肝脾肿大、身目发黄、脘闷腹胀、食欲不振、神疲懒言、嗳气呈负相关;9)点刺数量面积与临床症状胁肋疼痛、食欲不振、口干而苦、嗳气呈负相关;10)裂纹数量、面积与临床症状烦躁易怒呈正相关。结论:中医舌象仪所采集舌象客观量化指标的变化能够反映患者临床症状的变化情况,能为临床诊疗慢性乙肝提供可参考的诊断依据。     

Guidelines, professionals and the production of objectivity: standardisation and the professionalism of insurance medicine

Does the increasing importance of guidelines in health care threaten the professional status of health care professions by reducing their professional autonomy? Or does it increase their position through enhancing their scientific status? In this paper, we focus on this apparent contradiction by studying how Dutch insurance physicians created and used guidelines for the evaluation of labour disability claims. Drawing upon the theoretical repertoire of science and technology studies, we studied the role of the notion of ‘objectivity’ in these developments. A specific redefinition of objectivity played a core role in the active alignment, by the insurance physicians’ profession, of the processes of guideline development and professionalisation. Simultaneously, it is argued, a specific conceptualisation of the position of the client was put to the fore. Guidelines, it seems, can be drawn upon creatively so that rather than embodying a potential constant threat to professional autonomy, they actually enforce it.     

322例湿热痹阻型及寒湿痹阻型类风湿关节炎中医证型的客观化研究

目的 探讨湿热痹阻型与寒?宰栊屠喾缡亟谘?RA)中医证型客观化分型的规律。     

试论中医文献的结构

结构的一般性质具有普遍性、客观性、可分性、包容性和层次性,中医文献的结构同样具备此5种性质。因此尊重结构是研究中医文献的前提,通过结构分析来掌握中医文献所蕴涵的知识,无疑是合理的,也是可行的。并以《备急千金要方》为例,分析中医文献结构的特点。提示：结构分析对中医文献研究具有重要意义。     

帕金森病运动症状的长时程连续性监测与评估的研究进展

帕金森病(PD)是第二常见的神经退行性疾病,也是最常见的运动障碍性疾病;其临床表现复杂多样且症状波动变化大.目前临床对帕金森病症状的评估主要依靠一些量表和日记,但是其都只是对症状的一个时间节点进行评估,无法进行持续的症状监测评估.长时程运动监测设备正是针对运动障碍症状缺乏客观持续测评方法 而开发的运动症状监测工具.现结...     

体外早期胚胎所有权的归属及其限制

体外早期胚胎具有发育成人的全部基因,是特殊的物,在物格制度里拥有最高的物格?人工生殖产生的体外胚胎,由接受人工辅助生殖技术的夫妻享有胚胎的所有权,医学研究目的产生的,则由该医学研究机构享有所有权?所有权人的所有权行使应当受“人类尊严”的限制,不得任意买卖体外早期胚胎?