Could Chronic Mesenteric Originated Hypoxia Insult Produce Opposite Pathologic Features： Hypoplasia and Hyperplasia of the Intestine

Chronic ischemia produces corresponding tissue hypoplasia. However, here we report a distinctive hypertrophy of the intestine due to chronic mesenteric insufficiency, which was confirmed by angiography in two patients with opposite characteristic pathologic presentation of intestine. During surgery of the first patient, an approximately 60cm long ileum with sausage consistency and cyanosis color was identified proximal to the caecum; wall-attached thromboembolism material and the hypertrophied segment of ileum were removed. In the other patient, the intestine wall was paper thin; after aorto-mesenteric bypass the intestine wall grew thicker. Post operative recovery of both patients was uneventful. The commonly observed situation after a long-standing hypoxic insult in a setting of chronic mesenteric ischemia is that the target tissue will at least develop a slight hypoplasia. However, the cases we present here had either pronounced hyperplasia or severe hypoplasia. We thus report it, expecting to identify a special mechanism to explain this paradox.     

Altered neuropeptide Y Y1 responses in mesenteric arteries in rats with congestive heart failure

The aim of the present study was to elucidate if the potentiating effect of neuropeptide Y on various vasoactive agents in vitro is (1) altered in mesenteric arteries from rats with congestive heart failure and (2) mediated by the neuropeptide Y Y₁ receptor. The direct vascular effects of neuropeptide Y and its modulating effects on the contractions induced by endothelin-1-, noradrenaline-, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-, U46619-(9, 11-dideoxy-11, 9-epoxymethano-prostaglandin F₂) and ATP, and acetylcholine-induced dilatations were studied in the presence and absence of the neuropeptide Y Y₁ antagonist, BIBP3226 (BIBP3226{(R)-N2-(diphenylacetyl)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]- -arginine-amide}). Neuropeptide Y, per se, had no vasoactive effect in the arteries. The potency of endothelin-1 was significantly decreased in congestive heart failure rats. Neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y-(13–36) potentiated the endothelin-1-induced contraction in congestive heart failure mesenteric arteries. In 20% of the congestive heart failure rats, sarafotoxin 6c induced a contraction of 31±4%. Neuropeptide Y also potentiated U46619- and noradrenaline-induced contractions but not 5-HT-induced contractions in congestive heart failure arteries. In sham-operated animals neuropeptide Y potentiated noradrenaline- and 5-HT-induced contractions. These potentiations were inhibited by BIBP3226. Acetylcholine induced an equipotent relaxation in both groups which was unaffected by neuropeptide Y. In conclusion, neuropeptide Y responses are altered in congestive heart failure rats. The potentiating effect differs between vasoactive substances. Neuropeptide Y Y₁ and non-neuropeptide Y₁ receptors are involved.     

步行量和体成分的中日比较研究

目的 为了解中日儿童及成人的步行和体成分及其相互关系.方法 以中国上海市和日本琦玉县的小学生和成人为对象,采用西铁城 TW02-001电子式步数计测定步行量,FUTREX-5000A体成分测定仪测量体脂百分比.结果 1.中国男女小学生的平均每日步行量分别为12426步和10387步,低于日本小学生(男15 340步,女11 617步),体脂百分比中国男女生分别为21.2%和15.8%,高于日本(男18.9%,女13.1%).中国男女成人的平均每日步行量分别为9826步和8748步,高于日本成人(男:8411步,女7599步);体脂百分比分别为17.5%(男)和25.8%(女),而日本男性为19.8%,女性为26.0%.2.不同活动水平的小学生和成人,其血压和体成分均有差异,步行量高者的血压和体脂百分比都较低.本研究还计算出以肱三头肌皮脂厚度以(X)推测儿童体脂百分比(Y)的回归方程为:Y=10.6646+0.5856X.结论 作为日常生活的步行可促进肥胖发生率的降低.     

脂肪饮食与胆石症关系的调查研究

本文通过荤食组、常食组、素食组与胆石症发病率关系的调查,发现荤食组的发病率14/35(40%)比其它两组8/35(22.85%)、2/35(5.71%)更高。同时发现与病人的高血脂水平呈正相关。荤食组的胆固醇和甘油三酯水平分别为5.4±0.85和1.88±1.02,并且比常食组5.08±1.18,1.76±0.62和素食组4.88±0.41,1.67±0.36更高。结果提示:限制大量的胆固醇和脂肪饮食可降低胆石症的发病率。     

Determination of left ventricular wall thickness and muscle mass by intravenous digital subtractionangiocardiography: validation of the method

Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and muscle mass are importantmeasures of LV hypertrophy. In 24 patients LV end-diastolicwall thickness and muscle mass were determined (two observers)by digital subtraction angiocardiography (DSA) and conventionalLV angiocardiography (LVA). Wall thickness was determined overthe anterolateral wall of the left ventricle according to thetechnique of Rackley (method 1) or by planimetry (method 2).Seventeen patients were studied at rest and seven during dynamicexercise. Wall thickness correlated well between LVA and DSA;the best correlations were obtained by a combined subtractionmode using either method 1 or 2 (method 1, r0–80; method2,r0. 75). The standard error of estimate of the mean (SEE) wasslightly lower for method 2 ( 10%) than for method 1 ( 13%).DSA significantly overestimated wall thickness by 5–7%with method 1 and underestimated by 12–14% with method2. Muscle mass correlated well between LVA and DSA; the SEEwas 15% for method 1 and 12% for method 2. Overestimation ofmuscle mass by DSA was 7–11% with method 1 and underestimationwas 13–15% with method 2.It is concluded that LV wallthickness can be determined accurately by DSA with an SEE rangingbetween 10 and 13%. Determination of LV muscle mass is slightlyless accurate and the SEE is slightly larger ranging between13 to 17%. With method 1, wall thickness and muscle mass wereover estimated and with method 2 underestimated.     

老年ICU-AW患者超声测得四肢骨骼肌厚度与MRC评分相关性及对预后的预测ROC曲线分析

目的 探讨老年重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit, ICU)获得性肌无力(ICU-acquiredweakness, ICU-AW)患者超声测得四肢骨骼肌厚度与英国医学研究委员会(medical research council, MRC)量表评分相关性,并绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线评价其对预后的预测价值。方法 选取我院老年ICU-AW患者60例作为研究组,另选取同期老年ICU接受机械通气无ICU-AW患者60例作为对照组,比较2组超声测得四肢骨骼肌厚度、MRC评分,分析四肢骨骼肌厚度与MRC评分的相关性,比较不同预后患者临床资料、四肢骨骼肌厚度、MRC评分,分析四肢骨骼肌厚度、MRC评分与老年ICU-AW患者预后的关系及预测预后的价值。结果 研究组肱二头肌、桡侧腕屈肌、股四头肌、胫前屈肌厚度及MRC评分低于对照组(P<0.05);老年ICU-AW患者肱二头肌、桡侧腕屈肌、股四头肌、胫前屈肌厚度与MRC评分呈正相关(P<0.05);病死患者28 d时机械通气天数高于生存患者,肱...     

ω-3鱼油脂肪乳剂对重症胰腺炎患者腹内高压及肠黏膜功能的影响

目的：探讨ω-3鱼油脂肪乳剂对重症胰腺炎患者腹内高压及肠黏膜功能的影响。方法：选择驻马店市中心医院重症医学科收治的136例重症胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,进行前瞻性研究,并按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各68例。其中对照组给予常规治疗法进行治疗,观察组在上述治疗的基础上外加ω-3鱼油脂肪乳剂进行治疗。观察两组患者治疗后病情缓解时间变化,比较两组患者治疗前后肠黏膜功能指标、趋化因子及腹内压水平变化,分析两组患者治疗效果差异。结果：观察组腹痛缓解时间、腹胀缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间以及肛门首次排便时间等病情症状明显改善（均P<0.05）。与治疗前相比,两组治疗后的血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白（I-FABP）、二胺氧化酶（DAO）、D-乳酸、中性粒细胞趋化因子（CINC）、FKN、单核细胞趋化因子蛋白-1(MCP-1)及乳果糖/甘露醇（L/M）、腹内压水平明显低于对照组,血清三叶因子（ITF）、乳脂球表皮生长因子8(MFG-E8)明显降低,且观察组改善更显著（均P<0.05）。观察组患者治疗有效率为94.12%,明显高于对照组的76.47%(P<0.05)。结论：ω-3鱼油脂肪乳...     

中医综合疗法对假性近视患者黄斑处脉络膜厚度及微血流密度的影响

[目的] 研究中医综合疗法对青少年假性近视患者黄斑处脉络膜厚度及微血流密度的影响,为中医疗法在青少年假性近视的治疗方面提供依据。[方法] 使用SPSS 21.0软件产生随机数字,将51例（102只眼）假性近视青少年患者随机分成对照组和治疗组。对照组患者27例（54只眼）,单纯使用复方托吡卡胺滴眼液点眼治疗;治疗组患者24例（48只眼）,在对照组治疗的基础上配合中药雾化、中药眼贴和耳穴埋籽等中医综合治疗。两组患者疗程均为8周,治疗前后检测两组患者裸眼远视力、电脑验光屈光度数、黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度及黄斑区浅层血流密度,并评价两组患者疗效。[结果] 1）治疗组1例因中药雾化过敏导致脱落,最终纳入23例（46只眼）。2）治疗8周后,治疗组总有效率为92.3%,对照组总有效率为75.0%,治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。3）治疗后,治疗组患者平均视力较治疗前提高,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组患者平均视力较治疗前无明显改善,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。组间比较方面,治疗组治疗后平均视力较对照组有一定提高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。4）经治疗,治疗组患者平均假性近视度数较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组患者平均假性近视度数较治疗前略有下降,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。组间比较方面,治疗组治疗后平均假性近视度数较对照组有一定下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。5）治疗组患者黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度较治疗前增厚,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度较治疗前无明显改变,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;组间比较方面,治疗组治疗后黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度较对照组增厚,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。6）治疗后,治疗组黄斑区浅层血流密度较治疗前增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组黄斑区浅层血流密度较治疗前增加,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;组间比较方面,治疗组治疗后黄斑区浅层血流密度较对照组明显增加,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。[结论] 采用中医综合疗法对青少年假性近视治疗效果较好,并且可以增加黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度及黄斑区浅层血流密度,短期观察无不良反应,值得临床推广运用。     

Role of dietary fat in calorie intake and weight gain

This paper reviews the literature on the role of dietary fat in calorie intake and body weight gain in humans and laboratory animals. An overview of 40 animal studies which compared growth on high-fat (HF) and high-carbohydrate (HC) solid/powdered diets indicated that the HF diet elicited greater weight gain in 33 out of 40 studies. Enhanced growth on the HF diet was often, but not exclusively, attributable to greater caloric intake. Additional evidence for the growth-enhancing effect of HF diets emerges from "diet option" and "supermarket" feeding studies in rats, and experimental and epidemiological studies in humans. Three principal factors that contribute to the different responses to HF and HC diets are (a) caloric density, (b) sensory properties and palatability, and (c) postabsorptive processing. It is concluded that both calorie intake and metabolic energy expenditure are biased towards weight gain when a HF diet is consumed, and that the high caloric density of high-fat diets plays a primary role in weight gain. Humans may be biologically predisposed to gain weight when a HF diet is consumed.     

Dopamine inhibits prostaglandin F2α-induced depolarization of rabbit jejunal arteries via activation of DA1-receptors

Summary In rabbit jejunal arteries, the membrane potential of single smooth muscle cells decreased on the application of noradrenaline 3 mol/1. LY 171555 1 mol/1 did not change, whereas SKF 38393 10 mol/1 reversed the effect of noradrenaline. When prostaglandin F₂ (PGF₂) was used to evoke depolarization in the presence of prazosin 0.1 mol/1, rauwolscine 1 mol/1 and propranolol 1 mol/1, both SKF 38393 10 mol/1 and dopamine 10 mol/1 repolarized the membrane. SCH 23390 1 mol/1 antagonized the effects of SKF 38393 10 mol/1 and dopamine 10 mol/1. Thus, the change in membrane potential is mediated by a DA₁-recep-tor.