完全性左束支传导阻滞伴快速心房纤颤并急性左心衰竭的抢救

目的总结完全性左束支传导阻滞伴快速心房纤颤并急性左心衰竭的治疗经验,以提高抢救成功率.方法对经抢救治疗的完全性左束支传导阻滞伴快速心房纤颤并急性左心衰竭9例(16次)患者进行治疗方面的回顾分析.结果9例(16次)患者14次抢救成功,成功率87.0%,但复发率较高,预后较差,有5例患者在抢救时或出院后1～2年内猝死.结论该组患者经传统"强心、利尿、扩血管",控制心房纤颤、心室率等治疗是远远不够的.应在未发生肺泡性肺水肿及心源性休克之前,尽早尽快地应用血管扩张剂及联合应用小剂量非洋地黄类正性肌力药物,并维持治疗24～72 h.其中以酚妥拉明加多巴胺和(或)多巴酚丁胺效果可能较佳,血管扩张剂硝酸酯类不及α-受体阻滞剂酚妥拉明疗效明显.     

Disposition and hypoglycaemic action of glipizide in diabetic patients given a single dose of nifedipine

Summary Adrenaline, when administered in dental local anaesthetic solutions, significantly reduces the plasma potassium concentration in young healthy adults. This effect occurs within 10 min of extravascular injections into the maxillary buccal sulcus and may influence the choice of local anaesthetic solution for patients receiving kaliuretic diuretics.     

臂丛神经阻滞加用地塞米松和小剂量吗啡用于术后镇痛的效果观察

目的 观察臂丛神经阻滞的局麻药液中加入地塞米松和小剂量吗啡用于术后镇痛的效果和副作用。方法 80例患者随机分为A、B、C、D四组。全部用肌间沟法臂丛神经阻滞，A组（n=20)注入0.5%布比卡因、2%利多卡因等量混合液25ml；B组（n=20)注入A组用药加地塞米松10mg(2ml)；C组（n=20)注入A组用药加吗啡2mg(0.2ml)；D组（n=20)注入A组用药加地塞米松10mg(2ml)、吗啡2mg(0.2ml)。结果 B、C、D组与A组相比起效时间显著缩短、镇痛时间显著延长，差异非常显著（P＜0.01)；而D组和B、C组相比镇痛时间又明显延长，差异非常显著（P＜0.01)；C组中有1例（5％）因发生恶心呕吐，其余多组无并发症发生。结论 臂丛神经阻滞的局麻药液中加入地塞米松和小剂量吗啡用于术后镇痛，镇痛时间长，效果可靠，副作用少，操作方便，经济实用。     

18F-FDG符合线路显像与异机CT图像融合诊断非小细胞肺癌复发转移的价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)符合线路显像与异机CT图像融合诊断非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后放化疗后复发转移的价值.方法 对可疑复发转移的40例NSCLC患者行18F-FDG符合线路显像,并于显像前后1周内行CT扫描.用三维(3D)图像融合软件进行图像融合.结果 在18F-FDG符合线路显像与CT扫描相同的范围内,40例患者共检出病灶58处,其中恶性52处,良性6处.融合图像诊断NSCLC复发转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比及阴性似然比分别为94.23%(49/52),5/6,93.10%(54/58),98.00%(49/50),5/8,5.65及0.07.图像融合灵敏度、准确性明显高于CT.单纯18F-FDG符合线路显像诊断效能与图像融合无差别,但与CT图像融合可明显提高对病灶的定位诊断(提高44.83%).结论 18F-FDG符合线路与CT图像融合诊断NSCLC术后放化疗后复发转移灵敏度高,定位准确,值得推广应用.     

Laparoscopic Local Resection Based on Sentinel Node Evaluation for Early Gastric Cancer: A Preliminary Report

We previously reported that lymphatic mapping using isosulfan blue can be used to identify sentinel nodes (SNs). This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using the SN technique in treating early gastric cancer and to explore its usefulness for minimal invasive surgery. Twenty-three patients with early gastric cancer who underwent SN biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. Based on SN evaluation, individualized surgery was performed in five patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When pathological examination of frozen sections revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Laparoscopic local resection was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Our results showed that the success rate with SN biopsy in early gastric cancer was 100%, as were the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. All five patients with early gastric cancer had SNs negative for metastases both by frozen section and by postoperative pathology. Thus, all these patients underwent laparoscopic local resection without extended lymphadenectomy. We conclude that SN biopsy is a useful tool to individualize the operative procedure, and laparoscopic local resection can be safely performed using SN guidance in selected patients with early gastric cancer.     

无水酒精阻滞大鼠腹腔神经丛后脊髓、孤束核C-FOS和NOS-1的表达

目的:通过免疫组化的方法研究无水酒精阻滞大鼠腹腔神经丛后脊髓和延髓孤束核内CFOS和NOS1的表达。材料和方法:对70只Wistar大鼠实施手术,建立实验动物模型。分5组于术后不同时间取得脊髓和延髓样本,并用标准方法对其进行CFOS和NOS1免疫组化染色,观察脊髓和延髓孤束核CFOS和NOS1的表达。结果:无水酒精阻滞后脊髓后角、延髓孤束核神经元细胞内均有CFOS和NOS1表达。结论:无水酒精阻滞腹腔神经丛后,短时间内脊髓后角和延髓孤束核内CFOS和NOS1表达阳性,表明FOS和NOS1与内脏信息在脊髓水平的传导有关。CFOS和NOS1参与了内脏信息在孤束核内的传导。     

Safety and reliability of external fixation for basicervical and intertrochanteric fractures in high-risk elderly patients

Forty elderly patients with basicervical and pertrochanteric fractures were managed with uniplanar AO external fixator under regional anaesthetic block of the femoral nerve and lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh from April 2003 to March 2006. The mean age of the patients was 67.9 ± 5.5 years. External fixator application was performed under radiological control after closed reduction had been obtained. Comorbid factors, duration of surgery, duration of hospitalisation, complications, walking ability, time to union and mortality rate were recorded. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 12 ± 4.5 months. Superficial pin tract infection occurred in 13 patients, healing in varus >10° and with shortening >2 cm occurred in six patients, and one patient suffered a spontaneous ipsilateral femoral neck fracture after removal of the fixator. The mean time for union was 10.4 ± 1.2 weeks. Rapid union rate and minor complications obtained in the present study are comparable to those obtained with standard internal fixation techniques. Minimal intraoperative blood loss, short operative time and early patient mobilisation are advantages signifying uniplanar external fixator application under regional anaesthetic block to be a viable option in treatment of basicervical and pertrochanteric fractures in high-risk elderly patients.     

Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Clinical report of two cases and review of the recent literature

With 1–1.5 million cases reported every year cutaneous leishmaniasis represents an increasing health problem. The course of cutaneous leishmaniasis varies from a single self‐healing ulcer to a persistent ulcer or progressive mucosal disease with nasopharyngeal destruction. An enormous array of topical and systemic treatment modalities has been endorsed. The response to treatment depends on the species of parasite as well as the host's immunological and genetic status. Species‐specific treatment guidelines based on evidence from controlled studies are highly desirable. We present two cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, one in a child and one during pregnancy, reviewing various diagnostic and therapeutic measures with special attention to problems in young and pregnant patients.     

结节性甲状腺肿合并其他甲状腺疾病临床分析

目的探讨结节性甲状腺肿合并其他甲状腺疾病的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院手术治疗的4622例结节性甲状腺肿中并存其他甲状腺疾病的临床资料。结果4622例结节性甲状腺肿中700例合并其他甲状腺疾病，1418例存在不同的诊断失误。结论在诊断结节性甲状腺肿的同时应注意其合并的其他甲状腺疾病。     

Priming with a very low dose of DNA complexed with cationic block copolymers followed by protein boost elicits broad and long-lasting antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses in mice

Cationic block copolymers spontaneously assemble via electrostatic interactions with DNA molecules in aqueous solution giving rise to micellar structures that protect the DNA from enzymatic degradation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have previously shown that they are safe, not immunogenic and greatly increased antigen-specific CTL responses following six intramuscular inoculations of a very low dose (1 μg) of the vaccine DNA as compared to naked DNA. Nevertheless, they failed to elicit detectable humoral responses against the antigen. To gain further insight in the potential application of this technology, here we show that a shorter immunization protocol based on two DNA intramuscular inoculations of 1 μg of DNA delivered by these copolymers and a protein boost elicits in mice broad (both humoral and cellular) and long-lasting responses and increases the antigen-specific Th1-type T cell responses and CTLs as compared to priming with naked DNA. These results indicate that cationic block copolymers represent a promising adjuvant and delivery technology for DNA vaccination strategies aimed at combating intracellular pathogens.