Occupational exposure to lead and blood pressure: a study in 105 workers

A group of workers, occupationally exposed to lead and cadmium compounds (n = 53), was compared to a group of workers not exposed to these metals (n = 52). The average values of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure were found to be higher in the exposed group (p less than 0.05). In contrast with the correlation between CdU and blood pressure, the correlation between PbB and systolic and mean blood pressure remained statistically significant after controlling for age and pulse rate (r = 0.22, p less than 0.05). The prevalence of potential hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg and/or under treatment for hypertension) was higher in the exposed group, but the observed relative risk was not statistically significant: relative risk = 1.91 (95% confidence limits, 0.90-4.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation between PbB and Hgb (r = -0.28, p = 0.004) was observed. Differences in kidney function, as assessed in this study, were not detected.     

起搏器更换时原起搏电极导线参数及更换指标分析

目的:分析74例更换起搏器时电极导线的各项参数的变化并探讨导线更换指标。方法:本组年龄12~87(62.8±18.4)岁,其中病窦综合征45例,房室传导阻滞29例,均为单腔VVI起搏。结果:至测量时原心室起搏电极导线的埋置时间60~148(97.4±22.8)月,首次埋置时起搏阈值为(0.48±0.24)V,更换时为(1.29±0.64)V(P(0.01),增加0.81V,增幅为168%,首次植入时R波幅为(7.8±3.6)mV,更换时为(5.9±3.4)mV(P(0.05)。植入时电极导线阻抗为(664±122)Ω,更换时阻抗为(726±148)Ω,增幅9.3%(P(0.05)。7例因起搏阈值大于2.0 V或阻抗大于1 250Ω而重新植入电极导线。原电极导线使用率为90.5%。结论:埋置起搏电极导线8~9年后,90.5%原电极导线仍在可使用的范围内,能否支持到再次更换需进一步随访。     

冶金炼铁炉前工人职业性皮损调查研究

冶金炼铁炉前工人职业性皮损调查研究关虹，王溪鸿，杨玉萍（辽宁省本溪钢铁公司劳动卫生研究所，１１７０２１）作者对炼铁炉前工人＂熊猫眼＂样皮损病因及特异部位皮损进行研究，为改善劳动条件，防治职业性皮肤病提供一些依据。以某炼铁厂５号炉前工人为观察组，以炼钢...     

锰电焊工人某些内分泌功能研究

锰电焊工人某些内分泌功能研究崔金山，王薛君，张玉敏，马明月，李宏革，孙玉强，孔庆芝，窦林松，曹昆，裴秋铭，赵艳萍（沈阳医学院毒理教研室，１１００３１）研究对象选自某建筑机械厂结构车间锰电焊作业工人５１人（男４２人，女９人），年龄范围２１～５１岁，平均...     

Accumulation of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum Philippi, 1845, in an oceanic island (Tenerife,Canary Islands)

This document shows the results obtained from a study on the concentration of toxic heavy metals in the internal tissue and exoskeleton of sea urchins, collected from their natural habitat. The levels of lead and cadmium were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in the internal tissue were 304.04 and 260.54 μg/kg respectively, whereas in the shell they were 185.02 and 142.48 μg/kg. We also performed a statistical analysis of the differences in the distribution of metals between their exoskeleton and their internal content, a correlation study of the metal content in internal tissue and shell and sampling areas, and a correlation study between the metal content and sample size. Since the sea urchin Diadema antillarum presents a wide range of variation in metal content, this study suggests that this species is an excellent bioindicator of heavy metal contamination. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.     

双硫腙化学修饰电极溶出伏安法测定人体中痕量铅

我们研制了双硫腙化学修饰电极,并应用于人体中痕量铅的测定。由于该电极电解富集铅具有特效性,因而本法测铅有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性。检出下限为2.5×10~(-10)mol/L(受空白所限)。实测人体样品,铅的回收率 SD为97.3±5.7％,变异系数CV为5.9％。     

Usefulness of erythrocyte protoporphyrin as a primary screening test for lead exposure in children

Erythrocyte protoporphyrin and blood lead concentrations were measured in samples from 583 Saudi children attending the outpatient clinics. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations showed poor correlation with blood lead concentrations of 25 ug dl^?1 and below. Measurement of erythrocyte protoporphyrin as a primary test for lead exposure is not recommended.     

妊娠期低水平铅暴露对新生儿钙磷代谢及造血系统的影响

目的 :研究妊娠期低水平铅暴露对新生儿钙磷代谢及造血系统的影响。 方法 :分别测定 79例汉族及5 9例维吾尔族 (维族 )母亲及新生儿脐血铅、钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、血红蛋白、红细胞游离原卟啉的含量 ,分析脐血铅对新生儿钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶及血红蛋白、红细胞游离原卟啉的影响。 结果 :(1)汉族产妇血铅 6 3 87μg/L ,新生儿脐血铅 4 7.71μg/L ,维族产妇血铅 87 92 μg/L ,新生儿脐血铅 6 1.5 7μg/L ,维族产妇及新生儿脐血铅均高于汉族产妇及新生儿脐血铅含量 (P <0 .0 5 ～ 0 .0 1) 。 (2 )以脐血铅 10 0 μg/L为界将新生儿分为高铅组和低铅组 ,两组血钙相比差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,而两组血红蛋白及红细胞游离原卟啉相比差异均无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 结论 :妊娠期低水平铅暴露可致新生儿血钙下降 ,但对新生儿血红蛋白及红细胞游离原卟啉则无影响     

北京市0～6岁儿童血铅水平与相关影响因素的研究

目的　了解近期北京市 0～ 6岁儿童血铅水平及其影响因素。方法　采取分层整群随机抽样的方法。 2 0 0 1年 5～ 7月调查北京市常住人口中 0～ 6岁儿童 2 2 62名。采用石墨炉原子吸收法进行微量血中铅含量的测定 ,并做相关因素问卷调查。结果　北京市 0～ 6岁儿童血铅水平均值为96.8μg L,血铅值≥ 10 0 μg L为 3 5.7% ,血铅值≥ 2 0 0 μg L为 2 .5%。农村儿童铅中毒为 43 % ,明显高于城区和郊区儿童。 2岁组铅中毒为 45.1%高于其他年龄组。男童血铅平均值 10 0 .2 μg L明显高于女童血铅平均值 93 .0 μg L(P <0 .0 1)。不喝或偶喝牛奶、居室距繁华马路≤ 50m、家庭居住 1层楼房或平房为儿童高血铅的主要危险因素。结论　目前北京市儿童血铅水平≥ 10 0 μg L的比例不容忽视 ,应对重点人群采取行之有效的干预措施