Clinical features and outcome of maintenance hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 from a tertiary nephrology care center in Romania

Background There is limited information about the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of maintenance hemodialysis patients with COVID-19. Moreover, regional differences are also conceivable since the extend and severity of outbreaks varied among countries.Methods In this retrospective, observational, single-center study, we analyzed the clinical course and outcomes of 37 maintenance hemodialysis patients (median age 64 years, 51% men) hospitalized with COVID-19 from 24 March to 22 May 2020 as confirmed by real-time PCR.Results The most common symptoms at admission were fatigue (51%), fever (43%), dyspnea (38%) and cough (35%). There were 59% mild/moderate patients and 41% severe/critical patients. Patients in the severe/critical group had a significantly higher atherosclerotic burden since diabetic kidney disease and vascular nephropathies were the most common primary kidney diseases and eighty percent of them had coronary heart disease. Also, Charlson comorbidity score was higher in this group. At admission chest X-ray, 46% had ground-glass abnormalities. Overall, 60% patients received hydroxychloroquine, 22% lopinavir–ritonavir, 11% tocilizumab, 24% systemic glucocorticoids, and 54% received prophylactic anticoagulation. Seven (19%) patients died during hospitalization and 30 were discharged. The main causes of death were cardiovascular (5 patients) and respiratory distress syndrome (2 patients). In Cox regression analysis, lower oxygen saturation, anemia and hypoalbuminemia at admission were associated with increased mortality.Conclusions In conclusion, we observed a high mortality rate among maintenance hemodialysis patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Anemia, lower serum albumin and lower basal oxygen saturation at admission were factors associated with poor prognosis.     

Effect of clinical factors on trajectory of functional performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between clinical factors and temporary changes in functional performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis.MethodsThis was a retrospective, longitudinal observational study conducted from 2015 to 2017. Eight-two patients undergoing hemodialysis in the outpatient clinic were enrolled. Functional performance was measured using the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale. Collected data for analysis included demographics, laboratory parameters, and KPS scale scores. All participants were grouped into a high KPS cluster and a low KPS cluster based on dynamic changes in KPS scales from 2015 to 2017.ResultsParticipants in the high KPS cluster demonstrated an approximate trend, and those in the low KPS cluster demonstrated a low pattern. By stepwise selection model analysis, age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.23, p = 0.011), serum BUN (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, p = 0.015), calcium levels (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.2–8.73, p = 0.02), and beta-2-microglobulin (OR > 1.0, CI >1.00-<1.01, p = 0.031) showed risk for the low KPS cluster. Male sex (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–0.96, p = 0.045) and albumin level (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0–0.4, p = 0.009) showed a low risk for the low KPS cluster.ConclusionsA different trajectory pattern was observed between the high and low KPS clusters in a 3-year period. Risk factors for the low KPS cluster were age, serum BUN, calcium, and beta-2-microglobulin levels. Male sex and serum albumin levels reduced the risk for the low KPS cluster.     

Bullous pemphigoid in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis: a case series and a literature survey

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease. Although several cases of BP in end-stage renal disease patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis have been reported, the incidence of BP in these patients remains unknown. We recently experienced three PD patients diagnosed with BP. The skin injury was likely to be a trigger of BP in all the three PD patients. Nifedipine and icodextrin exposures were possible factors directly or indirectly affecting the onset of BP, because they were common in the three cases. We also report that the incidence of BP in PD patients was 3/478.3 person-years in a single-center 10-year study. This case series with a literature survey describes that the skin and tissue injuries are potential triggers responsible for the onset of BP in dialysis patients and that the incidence of BP in these patients seems to be much higher than that in the general population.     

透析中运动干预对维持性血液透析患者的影响

目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者透析中运动干预的实施效果.方法 将患者随机分为观察组29例和对照组30例,对照组按常规进行透析护理,包括生命体征监测、记录治疗参数和健康教育,透析中不进行运动干预;观察组在常规护理基础上根据自制的透析中运动方案进行运动干预,其中有氧运动40 min、阻力运动20 min.比较两组干预前和干预6个月后的透析充分性、运动能力、炎症指标和生活质量.结果 干预6个月后观察组透析充分性、运动能力、炎症指标测评结果和生理健康评分显著优于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 对维持性血液透析患者进行透析中运动干预,能够提高患者透析充分性,增强运动能力,改善炎症指标,提升生理健康水平.     

不同运动方式对维持性血液透析患者骨密度的影响

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松危险因素及不同运动方式干预后骨密度的变化。方法选取血液透析中心236例维持性血液透析患者并收集相关临床资料,将患者按照是否合并骨质疏松分为两组,对骨质疏松发生的危险因素进行单因素分析,对经单因素分析有显著差异的危险因素作二元Logistic回归分析;然后从中选取108例研究对象按年龄、性别随机分为4组:对照组(A组)、有氧运动联合抗阻运动组(B组)、有氧运动组(C组)及抗阻运动组(D组),每组各27例,研究观察24周,分别在干预前及24周末比较4组的骨密度。结果骨质疏松组女性比例、年龄、透析月龄、血磷、甲状旁腺素水平均高于非骨质疏松组(P0.05),血红蛋白低于非骨质疏松组(P0.05),性别、年龄、PTH是维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松的危险因素(P0.05)。A组、B组、C组、D组在运动干预前骨密度两两比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);运动干预24周后,与A组相比较,B组、C组、D组骨密度差异均有统计学意义(P0.05); B组、D组骨密度在运动24周末较运动前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论性别、年龄、PTH是维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松的危险因素。有氧联合抗阻运动改善骨密度方面效果更理想,而抗阻运动优于有氧运动;坚持长久持续的康复运动更能有效地改善血液透析患者的骨质疏松问题。     

血液透析患者中TT病毒感染的检测及序列分析

目的：研究血液透析患中TT病毒（TTV）的感染状况及其致病性。方法：针对病毒基因保守区设计引物,采用套式PCR方法对69例血液透析患血清标本进行TTVDFNA检测及序列分析。并同时检测患血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）及丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）。结果：患血清TTVDNA总阳性率为27.5%。对其中1例PCR扩增产物测序。结果与其他TVV分离株如GH1、TA278、TTVCHN1和TTVCHN2的核苷酸序列同源性为89%-100%,推测的氨基酸序列同源性为87%-100%。抗-HCV阳性与阴性患的TTV DNA阳性率无明显差异。所有患均未见ALT明显升高。结论：血液透析患存在较严重的TTV感染与HCV感染无明显相关性。未发现TTV感染导致ALT明显升高的证据。     

透析前注射单剂量低分子量肝素对透析器复用效率的评价

目的 评价血透前注射单剂量低分子量肝素（LMWH）与持续输注普通肝素（SH）对复用透析器效率的影响。方法 对30例慢性透析患者进行随机交叉对照研究,观察第1、4次透析的透析器纤维包裹容量（FBV）、透析前血球压积（HCT）及透析2h尿素氮、肌酐清除率;另外,利用生色底物法测定透析0h,2h,4h血浆肝素抗－Fxa水平。结果 同SH组比,LMWH组透析器复用次数增加（P＜0．05）,第4次复用透析器FBV及透析2h尿素氮、肌酐清除率无下降（P＞0．05）,SH组则下降（P＜0．05）,透析2h两组血浆肝素活性－Fxa水平差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,透析4hLWMH组高于SH组（P＜0．05）。结论 透析前单剂量注射LMWH能有效地保护复用透析器清除率,值得临床上进一步推广。     

透析器复用对补体及单个核细胞激活的影响

目的：了解透析器复用对补体和单个核细胞激活的影响。方法：比较透析器第四次复用与首次使用时,血浆补体终末复合物（SC5b-9）浓度及分离的单个核细胞（PBMC）在体外培养产生IL－1β、TNF-α和IL－6量的差异。结果：血仿膜透析器用过氧乙酸和福尔马林消毒后第四次复用时,血浆SC5b-9浓度变化幅度较首次使用明显降低;PBMC在LPS刺激下体培养产生IL－1β、TNF-α和IL－6的量与首次使用相比差异无显著性。结论：血仿膜透析器用过氧乙酸和福民林消毒复用,可在一定程度上降低其补体激活能力,但不影响PBMC产生细胞因子。     

尿毒症及血透对血清一氧化氮浓度的影响及其临床意义

为研究尿毒症及血液透析对血清一氧化氮 (NO)浓度的影响及其临床意义 ,应用硝酸盐还原酶法检测了 1 0例尿毒症未透析患者、1 4例维持性血液透析患者透析前后及 1 0例正常对照者血清NO浓度。结果 :尿毒症未透析及血透患者NO水平均较正常对照显著升高 (P <0 .0 5) ,且尿毒症未透析患者血NO浓度与肿瘤坏死因子 α水平呈显著性正相关 (r =0 .858,P <0 .0 0 1 )。血液透析后NO浓度较透析前显著降低 (P <0 .0 5) ,但透析间期又会导致其蓄积。结果提示 :NO的蓄积对尿毒症的临床表现可能有一定影响。     

477例患者血液透析中留置中心静脉导管的临床分析

目的：总结留置中心静脉导管的经验,探讨如何防治中心静脉留置导管的并发症。方法：分析１９９２年７月！￣１９９８年７月我院血液净化中心对４７７例肾功能不全患,留置中心静脉导管共５６６例次。