单纯性疱疹病毒Ⅱ型母婴垂直传播初步研究

目的 :研究孕妇及胎儿单纯疱疹病毒 型 (HSV- )的感染及其母婴传播。方法 :采用聚合酶链反应法 (PCR)对 5 74例妊娠晚期孕妇的宫颈分泌物测 HSV- 型 DNA;用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)对其中的 5 3 1例孕妇分娩时抽取母血及新生儿脐血测 HSV- 型Ig G、Ig M抗体。结果 :孕妇血 HSV- 型的 Ig G阳性检出率为 3 7.48%、Ig M阳性检出率为 1 0 .92 % ;胎儿脐血 HSV- 型的 Ig G阳性检出率为 2 9.3 8%、Ig M阳性检出率为2 .6 4 % ;孕妇宫颈分泌物 HSV- 型阳性检出率为 0。新生儿畸形 1例 ,为先天性耳聋。结论 :妊娠晚期孕妇存在 HSV- 的活动感染 ,及母婴宫内垂直传播     

Herpes simplex hepatitis with chronic cholestasis in a newborn

In the case of the central nervous system or hepatic involvement, the prognosis of neonatal herpes simplex infection remains poor, despite antiviral drugs, presumably effective if given early. We report the case of a neonate with herpes simplex hepatitis, where the course of the illness was unusual with chronic, ultimately fatal, cholestasis. The treatment was not effective, because its administration was delayed, because of high infant C reactive protein level and the absence of clinical maternal genital infection, and because it was interrupted due to misleading information: clinical improvement, negative viral tests and raised herpes IgG antibody titer.     

A case of congenital herpes zoster

A 5 day old girl was transferred to the pediatric ward of Kyushu University Hospital because of papules noted since birth. The papules were distributed on her skin corresponding to the dermatomes innervated by the left Th₁-Th₃ and the left L₁-L₃. Varicella-zoster virus antigens were detected in scrapings of incised papules. The diagnosis of herpes zoster was made and acyclovir (ACV) was administered. She responded to ACV well, but she experienced a recurrence twice after discontinuation of ACV. This is the first report of ‘congenital herpes zoster’, which supports the hypothesis that varicella embryopathy is the sequelae of herpes zoster in utero.     

妊娠期单纯疱疹病毒感染及母婴传播的研究

应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）和多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）研究３８０例孕妇单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ）感染及母婴传播。结果表明：孕妇ＨＳＶ感染相当普遍,ＨＳＶ１和ＨＳＶ２感染率分别为８１．８５％、４８．０６％,其中ＨＳＶ２感染与有异常孕产史者关系更加密切。孕妇宫颈分泌物中ＨＳＶ２ＤＮＡ检出率为２．４１％。ＨＳＶ２宫内感染率为４．１７％。孕早期绒毛组织中ＨＳＶ２垂直传播率为１０％。１例无脑儿的胎脑、胎肺及其胎盘组织中均可检出ＨＳＶ２ＤＮＡ。     

Advances in pharmacotherapeutic management of common skin diseases in neonates and infants

Introduction: neonatal and infantile skin diseases are frequently encountered in the clinical practice and represent worldwide a socioeconomic issue. They encompass a wide range of acquired or congenital conditions, including infections, vascular lesions and inflammatory diseases and can present with different degrees of severity, leading in some cases to dramatic complications.

Areas covered: In this paper we report the most recent evidences on the management of some common skin diseases in neonates and infants. Hemangiomas, viral, fungal and bacterial infections, omphalitis, atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis, napkin disease will be treated and discussed.

Expert opinion: The majority of the dermatologic alterations in neonates are physiological, transient and do not require any treatment, thus the parents can be reassured about the good prognosis. However, in some cases, serious conditions must be excluded. In particular neonatal and infantile infections should be promptly recognized and properly managed, to avoid severe complications. The therapeutic options include traditional and, although few, innovative medical treatments, which will be carefully taken into consideration by the expert Dermatologists and Paediatricians.     

月经血结核杆菌检测在女性生殖器结核诊断中的作用

目的探讨月经血结核杆菌检测在女性生殖器结核诊断中的作用。方法对2009年10月—2014年3月145例不孕及复发流产患者,行结核菌素PPD试验、月经血结核杆菌培养、抗酸染色及荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测,并与宫、腹腔镜检查结果相对照。结果经宫、腹腔镜确诊生殖器结核21例,确诊率14.5%,其中不孕16例,复发性流产5例。确诊患者中,月经血结核杆菌荧光定量PCR检测阳性3例,阴性18例,培养、抗酸染色均无阳性。124例非生殖器结核中,月经血结核杆菌荧光定量PCR检测阳性1例,培养、抗酸染色均阴性。月经血结核杆菌荧光定量PCR方法诊断生殖器结核的灵敏度14.3%,特异度99.2%。21例生殖器结核患者中,PPD强阳性18例,124例非生殖器结核患者中强阳性1例。结论月经血结核杆菌荧光定量PCR检测灵敏度高于传统检测方法,结合PPD试验可以提高阳性率,但能否用于生殖器结核的诊断还需进一步研究。     

补肾祛湿法治疗复发性生殖器疱疹对血清Th17细胞和IL-17表达水平的影响

目的 观察补肾祛湿中药治疗复发性生殖器疱疹(RGH)的临床疗效,探讨Th17细胞、白细胞介素(IL)-17在RGH发病中的作用.方法 将60例RGH患者用随机数字表法分为补肾祛湿组及阿昔洛韦组各30例,另选择健康对照者30例(健康对照组),补肾祛湿组给予补肾祛湿中药汤剂(补肾祛湿中药复方组成:盐牛膝10 g,黄柏15 g,黄芪30 g,当归20 g,苍术20 g,土茯苓20 g,板蓝根30 g,大青叶10 g,马齿苋30 g,柴胡6 g,粉葛30 g,蜂房10 g,甘草6 g),阿昔洛韦组给予阿昔洛韦口服,疗程均为6个月;用流式细胞仪检测RGH患者及健康对照组外周血中Th17细胞的比例,ELISA法检测外周血血清IL-17水平.结果 治疗后补肾祛湿组临床症状评分显著低于阿昔洛韦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);补肾祛湿组愈显率高于阿昔洛韦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组RGH患者治疗前外周血中Th17细胞比例及IL-17水平均明显高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组RGH患者经治疗后Th17细胞比例及IL-17水平均下降,补肾祛湿组下降程度显著大于阿昔洛韦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 补肾祛湿法治疗RGH可显著改善患者临床症状和体征,提高临床疗效,降低血清Th17细胞比例及IL-17水平.Th17细胞及IL-17可能参与了RGH的发病过程.     

衡阳市女性生殖道无乳链球菌的带菌状况及分子特征

目的 了解衡阳市女性生殖道无乳链球菌的带菌状况及分离株的分子特征。方法收集衡阳市3家教学医院的女性生殖道分泌物棉签拭子样本,对其中的无乳链球菌进行分离、鉴定和药敏分析,并对分离株的耐药基因、血清型、菌毛岛类型进行分析。结果无乳链球菌的检出率为0.88%(3/339)。1株分离株保存失败,另外2株分离株HY66和HY9-2均对四环素和红霉素耐药,并携带ermB和tetO耐药基因。此外,HY9-2对克林霉素、左氧氟沙星、加替沙星耐药,还携带tetM和tetL耐药基因。2株分离株的血清型为Ⅲ型,同时携带PI-1和PI-2a菌毛岛。结论衡阳市女性生殖道无乳链球菌的带菌率低。分离株都对红霉素和四环素耐药,并出现了多重耐药菌株。为防治无乳链球菌的感染,应加强无乳链球菌的流行及耐药情况监测。     

人免疫球蛋白对老年头面部带状疱疹疗效及外周血中TNF-α的影响

目的 观察人免疫球蛋白对老年头面部带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PHN)及外周血中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响.方法 选择老年(≥65岁)头面部带状疱疹住院患者122例,按系统抽样法分为观察组(52例)和对照组(70例).对照组予以早期常规综合治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予以静脉滴注人免疫球蛋白治疗,记录两组患者痊愈出院后1、2、3个月的PHN发生率及其疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS).选择健康老年人20例作为健康对照组,测定两组患者治疗前、后及健康对照组的血清TNF-α水平.结果 观察组患者出院后1、2、3个月的PHN发生率均明显少于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗后及出院后1、2、3个月VAS评分,观察组均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗后观察组患者血清TNF-α水平明显低于治疗后的对照组(P＜0.01),且接近于健康对照组(P＞0.05).结论 人免疫球蛋白可减少老年头面部带状疱疹患者的PHN发生并降低其外周血TNF-a水平.     

带状疱疹神经痛患者应用普瑞巴林致肌阵挛的药学监护

目的探讨普瑞巴林与二氢吡啶类钙通道拮抗剂(calcium channel blockers,CCB)类降压药联用的安全性及药学监护。方法基于1例带状疱疹神经痛患者应用普瑞巴林致肌阵挛的病例,查阅国内外文献并结合其疾病特点及用药,对患者发生肌阵挛的原因进行分析评价,总结出药品不良反应(ADR)防范及药学监护要点。结果普瑞巴林与CCB类降压药物需谨慎联用,若联用需做好相应的监护。结论临床药师参与临床治疗药物监护有利于保障患者的药物选择、用药禁忌、ADR防范等方面用药安全。