借鉴Delphi法对中医专家舌色诊断经验的拟合研究

目的对中医专家舌色诊断经验进行拟合研究。方法使用标准化舌象采集环境获取临床舌象,借鉴Delphi方法,邀请中医专家对舌色分类和舌色诊断进行4轮咨询,并借助舌色红绿蓝(RGB)分量的比较从侧面进行验证。结果通过4轮的专家咨询,最后将舌色分为淡白、淡红、红、绛、淡紫、紫、青紫和紫红8类;采集的1255幅舌图像中1072幅(87.0%)获得了一致的判别结果;不同舌色的RGB分量差异有显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论Delphi法是一种较好的拟合中医专家舌诊经验的方法。     

Referral sources to a weight management program: relation to outcome

OBJECTIVE: To examine the characteristics and outcomes of physician-referred weight management patients relative to self-referred patients. DESIGN: Review of clinic records of all individuals contacting a weight control program during a 2-year period with follow-up throughout consecutive levels of treatment (i.e., enrollment, completion, and outcome). SETTING: Medical school weight management center. PARTICIPANTS: A consecutive sample (N = 1,392) of overweight and obese callers was categorized as physician-initiated (n = 345), media (n = 653), or personal (n = 394) referrals. Attendees at initial consultation (n = 571) were age 41.7 +/- 12.8 years, weight 113.9 +/- 36.1 kilograms, and body mass index (BMI) 40.3 +/- 11.3 kg/m(2) (data expressed as mean +/- standard deviation). INTERVENTIONS: Low-calorie-diet and very-low-calorie-diet programs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gender comparisons, attendance at initial consultation, body mass index, motivation, comorbidities, enrollment and completion rates, and weight loss. RESULTS: Compared to callers from other referral sources, physician referrals included a larger minority of males (25.2%) and were more likely to attend an initial consultation (63.5%; P < .001). Among consultation attendees, physician referrals were heavier (mean BMI = 44.8), reported more comorbidities, were less likely to join programs (16.9%), and scored as less motivated than other referrals (P < .007). Completion rates for physician referrals were higher than for self-referrals in the very-low-calorie-diet program (85.7%; P < .04) but not in the low-calorie-diet program (P > .05). Among completers, physician referrals did not differ on weight loss in either program (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to self-referrals, physician-referred individuals are in greater need of weight loss, less motivated, less likely to enter treatment, but equally likely to profit from it. Therefore, physician referral for weight loss is beneficial for at least some patients and should be encouraged.     

The image pyramid system — an unbiased,inexpensive and broadly accessible method of telepathology

Although computerised information technology, including the Internet is broadly used and globally accessible it is still not a significant form of professional communications in diagnostic histopathology. The high cost of interactive dynamic telepathology systems makes their use limited outside the richest economies. In contrast static telepathology systems are relatively cheap but in practice their information content can be heavily biased by the choice of images sent by the consulting pathologist. The degree of this bias may be regarded simply as the amount of information transferred to a remote location expressed as a percentage of the total information present in the histological sample. We refer to this as the percentage of explicit versus implicit information. Another major source of bias may be found in the information transmitted in written or verbal discussion with a remote consultant. We have developed a system of static telepathology, the image pyramid, which attempts to minimise bias by transferring all of the information in a section to the consultant. It is inexpensive and should prove to be widely accessible.     

娱乐场所从业人员艾滋病防治政策知晓现状调查及VCT模式探讨

目的:了解潍坊市娱乐场所从业人员国家艾滋病防治政策知晓程度现状调查及更容易接受的自愿咨询检测模式。方法:按照大、中、小三个层次的娱乐场所,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对从业人员进行以问卷方式进行调查。结果:国家防治艾滋病政策知晓率为30.30％,无一人曾接受过咨询检测,自愿咨询检测(VCT)方式以电话及门诊为主。结论:国家防治艾滋病政策知晓率较低,自愿咨询检测模式以隐蔽、方便为原则。     

Observing decision‐making in the general practice consultation: who makes which decisions?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate opportunities for, and types of decision making in the general practice (primary care) consultation, and examine differences in skills of those doctors who are successful at meeting their patients' preferences and those who are less successful. DESIGN: Observation study of doctor-patient consultations in general practice. PARTICIPANTS: Patients attending for routine appointments in 12 general practice surgeries across Oxfordshire. METHODS: A total of 212 doctor-patient consultations were video-recorded. The patients involved completed a questionnaire to elicit their perceptions of how decisions were made. The video-taped recordings were coded with a new instrument, the Evidence Based Patient Choice Instrument (EBPCI), to classify the number and type of decision-making opportunities arising during each consultation. A total of 149 recordings were coded using the Oxbridge Rating Scale to assess the doctors' consultation styles. RESULTS: There was a range of decision-making opportunities in addition to those involving medical treatment. With the exception of 'fitness for work', decisions were generally 'doctor led'. There was only moderate agreement between patient perceptions of their level of involvement in decision making and the objective ratings using the EBPCI. There was wide variation in the ability of doctors to meet their patients' preferences for involvement. CONCLUSIONS: There are many decisions made in primary care consultations, in addition to those about medical treatments, in which patients could be involved to a greater extent than they currently are. Some doctors are significantly better than others at meeting different patients' preferences for their decision-making role. Patients' perceptions of shared decision making appears to be influenced by the doctors' general consultation skills.     

心理咨询在高职教育中的作用

该文从学生心理健康促进的角度,探讨心理咨询在高职教育中的作用,旨在促进高职学生感受心理咨询,正确地认识自我、发现自我、评价自我,充分挖掘内在潜力,提高心理素质和心理调适水平,增强适应社会的能力.     

基于网格计算平台的远程医疗视频系统研究

网格计算是近年来兴起的一个研究热点。分析了网格计算的概念、特点、功能和体系结构，并从网格计算能支持异构结点在网络环境下的分布动态协同工作的角度出发。设计了基于网格计算平台的远程医疗视频系统。     

关注出国劳务人员的心理健康

近年来出国劳务人员数量呈急剧上升态势，他们在异国他乡的生活状况日益受到人们的关注。本文着重分析了影响出国劳务人员在外生存的几个重要因素，并提出…些解决方案，旨在加强保健中心对劳务人员的心理健康咨询。     

综合医院精医学联络会诊784例临床分析

目的:了解综合医院精神科联络会诊患者的科室分布、病种构成、年龄特点及治疗效果。方法:对联络会诊患者进行统计分析。结果:病种构成中以神经症和抑郁症居多,分布科室以神经内科及内分泌科等为主,会诊后治疗有效率为97.3%。结论:综合医院精神科联络会诊是重要的,有效的;并应加强对综合医院非精神科医务人员进行精神卫生知识的普及。