自体移植脾组织VEGF、KDR表达与血管再生的实验研究

目的 研究自体移植脾组织血管再生及VEGF、KDR表达规律，阐明VEGF、KDR对移植脾组织血管再生的调控作用，为脾脏外科临床及实验研究提供理论依据。方法 健康Wistar大鼠70只，体重100—120g，随机分为7组，每组10只中又设脾切除自体脾移植组5只，假手术组5只，分别于术后7，14，30，60，90，120，180d进行：(1)自体移植脾组织病理学检测；(2)大鼠行主动脉插管灌注墨汁，光镜观测再生血管并采用图像分析测定其密度；(3)免疫组化抗VEGF、KDR抗体染色，图像分析定量，阐明其表达规律及与血管再生的关系。结果 (1)自体脾组织移植术后7d即有血管从大网膜向脾组织内伸展，移植脾组织内血管密度逐渐增大，至术后180d血管再生接近正常；(2)自体脾组织移植术后7d、14d，VEGF、KDR阳性染色细胞密度迅速升高，术后60d达高峰，以后逐渐降低，至术后180d VEGF、KDR阳性染色细胞密度趋向正常。结论 自体脾组织大网膜内移植术是简便有效的脾移植方法；移植脾组织新生血管由大网膜再生而来；术后移植脾组织内VEGF、KDR表达量升高，促进血管形成，血管再生完成后恢复正常水平。     

咪唑安定对低血容量休克鼠静脉血管可容性的影响

目的研究咪唑安定对低血容量休克血管可容性的影响及可能的作用机制。方法血管可容性的变化通过测量注射咪唑安定前后全身平均循环充盈压(Pmcf)来表示。实验鼠分为对照组(n=8),交感神经阻断组(SNSB,n=8),交感神经阻断 去甲肾上腺素组(SNSB NA,n=9),低血容量组(n=5)。静脉注射咪唑安定0.1、0.3、0.5、1.0mg·kg-1后2min测量Pmcf。结果与用药前相比,咪唑安定导致对照组、低血容量组、SNSB NA组平均动脉压明显下降(P<0.05),但对照组呈剂量依存性方式。对照组和低血容量组的Pmcf呈现剂量依存性下降(P<0.05),但SNSB组、SNSB NA组无改变。结论 咪唑安定可引起剂量依存性的静脉血管舒张,而这种作用主要是源于其对静脉血管交感神经张力的抑制。     

颈动脉狭窄在脑保护装置下的支架置入治疗

目的探讨颈动脉狭窄患者支架治疗中的脑保护装置的有效性和安全性及治疗意义。方法对14例颈动脉狭窄患者进行血管内支架治疗。全部应用了脑保护装置(滤网型)。结果14例患者成功地释放了18枚自膨式支架。其中2例发生微栓子脱落轻度卒中,治疗1～3d完全恢复,颈动脉狭窄6例出现短暂性心率减慢和低血压。随访期所有患者均未发生脑梗死。结论在支架治疗中,脑保护装置的应用可减少治疗中的神经并发症,是一种有效和安全的治疗方法。     

脑星形细胞瘤中血管内皮生长因子表达与肿瘤血管形成的关系

目的 研究脑星形细胞肿瘤中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白的表达及其与微血管密度(MVD)间的相关性。方法 采用免疫组织化学S—P法检测60例脑星形细胞肿瘤中VEGF蛋白的表达，计数肿瘤MVD，分析其意义及两者间的相关性。结果 VEGF总阳性率为63．3％(36／60例)，其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤中VEGF阳性率分别为42．1％(8/19例)、71．4％(20／28例)、76．9％(10／13例)。间变性星形细胞瘤和多形性胶质母细胞瘤明显高于弥漫性星形细胞瘤(P＜0．05)；在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级肿瘤各级别间MVD的差异有显著性(P＜0．05)，而且肿瘤从低度恶性向高度恶性转变过程中，微血管形态由窦状扩张为主变为以芽状和细索状为主，而球状血管丛仅出现在胶质母细胞瘤中。VEGF表达与肿瘤MVD呈正相关(P＜0．05)。结论 联合检测VEGF、MVD可作为判断脑星形细胞瘤恶性潜能的重要生物学指标，同时对了解肿瘤血管形成机制有一定意义。     

肝移植术后血管并发症的病因学分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后血管并发症的病因。方法 对1993年4月～2002年4月所完成的160例原住肝移植临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 肝动脉并发症发生率为5％，与肝动脉并发症相关的死亡率为3．13％；门静脉并发症发生率为3．75％，与门静脉并发症相关死亡率为0；肝后下腔静脉狭窄并发症发生率为3．75％。结论 肝移植术后早期魂脉并发症主要与手术技术和肝动脉病变有关，改进吻合技术，术前评估肝动脉病变能降低早期肝动脉并发症发生率；术前有门脉高压症手术治疗史、移植术前门静脉血栓、门静脉手术史以及严重感染病史等是门静脉并发症的高危因素；手术技术是导致下腔静脉狭窄的重要原因，腔静脉整形的改良背驮式肝移植能避免该并发症的发生。     

养血清脑颗粒对慢性脑供血不足患者血管内皮功能的改善及血栓前状态的影响

目的探讨养血清脑颗粒对慢性脑供血不足患者血管内皮功能障碍和血栓前状态的干预效果。方法90例慢性脑供血不足患者按就时间顺序分为A组（对照组）、B组（养血清脑颗粒组）、C组（联合用药组）各30例,分别观察3组患者用药前和用药3个月后一氧化氮（NO）、血管内皮素-1（ET-1）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（PAI-1）和组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）的变化,及内皮依赖性血管舒张功能（EDD）、非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能（NEDD）的变化,并进行对比分析。结果B组、C组经过治疗后,NO水平升高,ET-1水平和FIB减低,t-PA活性增强,PAI-1活性降低,EDD显著改善,两治疗组间相比差异无统计学意义；两治疗组治疗后分别与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义。结论服用养血清脑颗粒能够有效改善慢性脑供血不足患者的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能及血栓前状态,可以作为脑血栓形成的一级预防治疗。     

一种基于血管内皮细胞损伤的大鼠局灶性脑梗死模型

目的：建立一种因血管内皮细胞损伤而诱导的大鼠局灶性脑梗死模型。方法：取S—D大鼠11只，分离左侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉和颈内动脉。结扎左颈外动脉远心端，夹闭左翼腭动脉和颈总动脉，经颈外动脉逆行插管并缓慢注入月桂酸钠至颈内动脉系统，造成大脑中动脉血管内皮细胞受损。结果：从模型动物的行为表现、梗死灶形态学和病理学进行考察，10只大鼠均产生一定程度的脑梗死表现，造模成功率为90．9％。结论：该模型的稳定性和重复性较好，能在大脑中动脉的供血区产生恒定的梗死灶，适合进行脑缺血损伤的有关实验研究。     

Anterior eye focusing of peripheral ultraviolet and visible radiation albedo

Concern about short- and long-term ultraviolet radiation (particularly UVB) damage to the eye has led to increased research in this area. Numerous studies have confirmed the pathogenic enhancing roles of reflected ultraviolet (UV) and visible radiation in our environment. There is concern that conventional sunglasses do not protect the eye adequately from reflected rays (albedo), especially on the lateral aspect, from behind and from below. Using eye models and computer ray tracing methods, the pathways of oblique rays incident at the temporal peripheral cornea have been plotted by Maloof, Ho and Coroneo.¹ These rays are refracted and focused and theoretically can result in up to 20 times the concentration of incident irradiance at the nasal anterior chamber angle and nasal equatorial cortex of the crystalline lens. The purpose of this study was to determine the limits of angular subtense of the incident peripheral light which is refracted in this manner in human subjects and to investigate the relation between corneal shape and certain ocular parameters to the limits. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between temporal entrance angle and anterior chamber depth (r = 0.70, P< 0.0006). The entrance angle ranged from 15 degrees to 30 degrees and was located 10 degrees to 45 degrees posterior to the coronal plane. Our results support Maloof and colleagues' predictions for the implication of focused peripheral UV and high intensity visible radiation in the pathogenesis of pterygium and cortical cataract and emphasise the need for lateral eye protection in conditions of high ultraviolet albedo.     

Association of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression with Tumor Angiogenesis and with Early Relapse in Primary Breast Cancer

Angiogenesis is an independent prognostic indicator in breast cancer. In this report, the relationship between expression of vascular endothclial growth factor (VEGF; a selective mitogen for endothelial cells) and the microvessel density was examined in 103 primary breast cancers. The expression of VEGF was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining using anti-VEGF antibody. The microvessel density, which was determined by immunostaining for factor VIII antigen, in VEGF-rich tumors was clearly higher than that in VEGF-poor tumors ( P <0.01). There was a good correlation between VEGF expression and the increment of microvessel density. Furthermore, postoperative survey demonstrated that the relapse-free survival rate of VEGF-rich tumors was significantly worse than that of VEGF-poor tumors. It was suggested that the expression of VEGF is closely associated with the promotion of angiogenesis and with early relapse in primary breast cancer.     

Radiation doses deriving from patients undergoing 111In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-octreotide scintigraphy

The purpose of this study was to estimate the radiation doses to nursing staff, other patients, accompanying persons and family members deriving from patients undergoing ¹¹¹In-DTPA-d-Phe-1-octreotide (¹¹¹In-OCT) scintigraphy. Dose rates were measured from 16 patients who had received an intravenous injection of 140±40 MBq ¹¹¹In-OCT. The measurements were performed at three different distances (0.5, 1 and 2 m) at 10–20 min, 5–7 h and 24 h (and in some cases, up to 48 h) after administration of ¹¹¹In-OCT. The effective half-lives of the biexponential decrease of the dose rates were estimated to be 2.94±0.27 h (T ₁) and 65.17±0.58 h (T ₂). The calculated maximum dose to other persons in the waiting area was 27.2 μSv, to family members 61.5 μSv, to nursing staff in a ward 24.1 μSv and to neighbouring patients in the ward 69.5 μSv. Our results clearly demonstrate that the calculated maximum radiation exposure to accompanying persons, personnel, family members and other patients is well below the maximum annual dose limit for non-professionally exposed persons. Received 20 May and in revised form 9 July 1997