聚对苯撑乙炔的合成及光谱性能-共轭主链被间位苯环阻隔

报道了一种阻隔型聚对幕撑乙炔((PPE)的合成与电致发光特性，合成的模型小分子证明，在聚对苯撑乙炔(PPV)主链引入间位幕环，可阻隔PPV的有效共轭长度，改变其发光颜色，研究了电致发光暑件ITO／m-PPE／Al的电致发光特性。     

2型糖尿病(消渴病)微观辨证的临床研究

目的　为糖尿病的临床辨证、治疗用药提供客观依据和帮助。方法　观察 2型糖尿病 (消渴病 ,diabetesmellitus)不同证型患者各 30例 ,正常对照组 30例 ,检测血清一氧化氮 (NO)、血浆α -颗粒膜蛋白 (GMP 14 0 )、血浆D -二聚体 (D D)、血清白细胞介素 - 6 (IL 6 )这些微观指标的变化 ,探讨其与中医辨证分型的关系。结果　①血清NO值在各组中的变化是阴虚热盛组 >正常对照组>气阴两虚组 >气滞血瘀组 ,每两组间具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其中气滞血瘀组与其它 3组具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。②糖尿病各组患者血浆GMP 14 0、D D值均较正常对照组有非常显著性增高 (P <0 0 1) ,在糖尿病组各证型中 ,呈阴虚热盛组 <气阴两虚组 <气滞血瘀组变化趋势 ,且血浆GMP 14 0和D D的变化呈正相关 (r=0 6 6 )。③血清IL 6在糖尿病组较正常对照组升高 ,其变化呈阴虚热盛组 <气阴两虚组 <气滞血瘀组趋势 ,每两组间具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　糖尿病发病以正气不足为内在依据。随着病程的进展 ,脾肾亏虚及血瘀加重是必然趋势。治疗应重视补脾肾和活血化瘀     

The severity of airways obstruction as a determinant of treatment response in COPD

Guidelines recommend that patients with COPD are stratified arbitrarily by baseline severity (FEV₁) to decide when to initiate combination treatment with a long-acting β₂-agonist and an inhaled corticosteroid. Assessment of baseline FEV₁ as a continuous variable may provide a more reliable prediction of treatment effects. Patients from a 1-year, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial comparing 50 μg salmeterol (Sal), 500 μg fluticasone propionate (FP), the combination (Sal/FP) and placebo, (bid), were categorized post hoc into FEV₁ <50% and FEV₁ ≥50% predicted subgroups (n=949/513 respectively). Treatment effects on clinical outcomes – lung function, exacerbations, health status, diary card symptoms, and adverse events – were investigated. Treatment responses based on a pre-specified analysis explored treatment differences by severity as a continuous variable. Lung function improved with active treatment irrespective of FEV₁; Sal/FP had greatest effect. This improvement appeared additive in milder disease; synergistic in severe disease. Active therapy significantly reduced exacerbation rate in patients with FEV₁ <50% predicted, not in milder disease. Health status and breathlessness improved with Sal/FP irrespective of baseline FEV₁; adverse events were similar across subgroups. The spirometric response to Sal/FP varied with baseline FEV₁, and clinical benefits were not restricted to patients with severe disease. These data have implications for COPD management decisions, suggesting that arbitrary stratifications of baseline severity are not necessarily indicative of treatment efficacy and that the benefits of assessing baseline severity as a continuous variable should be assessed in future trials.     

一氧化氮诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程bcl-2和bax mRNA表达水平的变化

目的 探讨在一氧化氮(NO)诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程bcl-2和bax mRNA表达水平的动态变化。方法 用NO供体硝普钠(SNP)诱导SMMC-7721和HepG2肝癌细胞株凋亡，RT-PCR的方法检测bcl-2、ba xmRNA表达水平，并采用凝胶分析系统进行半定量分析。结果 1．0mmol/L可降低SMMC-7721和HepG2细胞bcL2、bax mRNA的表达水平，提高bax/bc1-2 mRNA的比值并呈时间依赖性。HepG2细胞bcl-2和bax mRNA降低的幅度较SMMC-7721细胞小(P＜0．05)，开始变化的时间也较SMMC-7721细胞迟。结论 NO诱导肝癌细胞株的凋亡，可能与其bcl-2、bax mRNA表达水平变化导致bax/bc1-2 mRNA比值上升有关。     

实验性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛兔海马组织中Bcl-2和Bax mRNA的表达

目的：探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑血管痉挛(CVS)造成脑损伤的机制．方法：用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCB)技术检测兔SAH后CVS时海马组织Bcl—2和BaxmRNA的表达变化．结果：Bcl—2mBNA的表达水平在SAH组1d时即开始下降，3d时降至最低，持续至7d．SAH组海马组织中BaxmRNA的表达呈上升趋势，3d时达最高，7d时仍显著高于正常组．在假手术组海马组织内的Bcl—2和BaxmRNA的表达水平保持相对恒定．结论：Bcl—2和Bax可能参与了SAH后CVS所造成的海马神经元损伤过程。     

老年糖尿病患者冠状动脉血流储备变化的初步观察

目的　应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测冠状动脉血流储备 (coronaryflowreserve ,CFR) ,初步观察老年糖尿病患者中CFR的变化。方法　 2 5例老年糖尿病患者及 2 5例健康志愿者作对照组 ,比较两组的空腹血糖 (FBG)、早餐后 2h血糖 (P2hBG)、糖化血红蛋白A1c (HbA1c)、总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)及甘油三酯(TG)、内皮素 1(ET 1)、静息状态时患者冠状动脉的基础血流速度 (bFV)、潘生丁注射后的最大冠脉血流速度(mFV)及CFR。结果　糖尿病组的FBG、P2hBG、TG及ET 1水平显著高于对照组 [分别为 :(9 1± 3 3)mmol/L与 (5 3± 0 7)mmol/L ;(15 8± 5 0 )mmol/L与 (8 5± 2 4 )mmol/L ;(2 96± 0 5 6 )与 (1 6 9± 0 82 )mmol/L及(15 3 80± 13 5 0 )ng/L与 (76 2 3± 10 78)ng/L ,均P <0 0 1],糖尿病组静息时的基础冠脉血流速度 (bFV)及TC、LDL C水平与对照组比较 ,差异均无显著性意义 (均P >0 0 5 ) ,而潘生丁注射后mFV及CFR (CFR =mFV/bFV)较对照组明显下降 [分别为 (5 8 1± 7 9)cm/s与 (73 5± 9 8)cm/s及 2 31± 0 4 9与 3 5 8± 0 4 6 ,P均 <0 0 1]。结论　老年糖尿病患者冠状动脉血流储备明显下降。     

COX-2在系统性红斑狼疮病人PBMC中的表达及意义

目的：检测环氧全酶-2(Cyclooxygenase-2，COX-2)蛋白在系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic lupus erythematosus．SLE)患外周血单核细胞(Peripheral blood monoeytes，PBMC)中的表达情况。探讨COX-2蛋白表达水平与SLE病情活动程度之间的关系。方法：从外周血中分离PBMC后涂片，用免疫组化染色的方法测定COX-2蛋白的表达情况。结果：COX-2蛋白在SLE实验组呈高表达状态，与SLE疾病的活动性之间呈正相关。结论：COX-2的表达与SLE的发病有关，可作为今后辅助治疗措施的目标和病情变化和疗效评价的参考指标之-。     

Routinely collected general practice data aids identification of people with hyperglycaemia and metabolic syndrome.

AIMS: To assess the performance of a risk score comprising data routinely available in general practice records (age, gender, body mass index, family history of diabetes, smoking habits and prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs or steroids) in detecting diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: In a population-based, cross-sectional study in a semi-rural general practice in Jutland, Denmark, Cambridge Risk Scores were calculated for 1355 patients without known diabetes (69% response rate) who completed questionnaires and underwent anthropometric measurement and an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: Prevalences of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome were 2.29% (95% CI: 1.56-3.23), 6.64% (95% CI: 5.38-8.10) and 13.4% (95% CI: 11.5-15.2), respectively. Area under the ROC curve for the risk score and diabetes was 83.8% (75.9-91.7) and for metabolic syndrome [European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR)] was 78.1% (74.6-81.6). Twenty per cent of the population had a risk score above 0.246; at this threshold the sensitivity to detect diabetes was 71.0% (53.4-83.9), the specificity 81.2% (79.0-83.2), positive predictive value 8.1% (6.6-10.0) and likelihood ratio 3.77 (2.94-4.85). For metabolic syndrome (EGIR) corresponding values for sensitivity were 50.3% (43.1-57.5), specificity 84.7% (82.5-85.6), positive predictive value 33.6% (28.2-39.4), and likelihood ratio 3.28 (2.69-4.00). CONCLUSIONS: Undiagnosed hyperglycaemia and metabolic syndrome are common. The Cambridge Risk Score is a practical first step in a screening procedure to identify individuals with these disorders who might benefit from diagnostic testing or to direct preventive interventions.     

肺肿瘤99Tcm-N(NOEt)2SPECT显像与P-糖蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原表达的关系

目的探讨肺肿瘤99Tcm-氮-二(N-乙基-N-乙氧基二硫代氨基甲酸盐)[N(NOEt)2]SPECT显像病变部位与对侧对应正常肺组织放射性比值(T/N)与术后病理组织中P-糖蛋白(P-gp)和肿瘤增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达间的关系.方法对22例(20例为术前未经药物治疗的肺癌,2例为肺良性病变)患者进行手术,取肿瘤标本,经常规石蜡切片,用免疫组织化学技术检测病变组织P-gp和PCNA表达,并与术前99Tcm-N(NOEt)2 SPECT显像T/N比值对比.结果22例患者中,20例肺恶性肿瘤99Tcm-N(NOEt)2 SPECT显像均表现为异常放射性浓聚,T/N比值为1.29±0.04;2例肺良性病变99Tcm-N(NOEt)2显像T/N比值为1.08±0.13,其中1例为假阳性.22例患者除1例肺腺癌仅P-gp表达阴性外,其余患者P-gp、PCNA均呈阳性表达.22例患者99Tcm-N(NOEt)2SPECT延迟显像T/N比值与术后病理组织中P-gp和PCNA表达程度均无关(r值分别为0.123和-0.145,P均＞0.05,双侧),且病理组织中P-gp与PCNA表达程度也无关(r=0.062,P＞0.05,双侧).结论肿瘤细胞摄取99Tcm-N(NOEt)2与其P-gp和PCNA表达程度无关.     

靶向性蛋白激酶B1和环氧合酶-2 shRNA腺病毒载体的构建和在人胃癌细胞的表达

Objective To construct a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) adenovirus vector targeting protein kinase BI (PKB1/Akt1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and observe their expression in human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901. Methods Akt1 and COX-2 shRNA expression frames were sub-cloned to pGSadeno adenovirus vector by homologous recombination technology to construct pGSadeno-Aktl + COX-2 ( pGSadeno-A + C) vector. Furthermore after screening and amplification,recombinant ade-novirus vector was digested with Pacl and transfected into HEK293 cells. The replication adenovirus rAd5-A + C was packed and amplified in the HEK293 cells, and its titer was detected. After human SGC-7901 cells in vitro were transfected by rAd5-A + C,Akt1 and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. Compared with rAdS-A + C,SGC-7901 and gen-eral rAd5-HK were selected as the negative controls. Results The recombinant adenovirus rAd5-A + C was constructed successfully and its titer reached 1.0 ×1010 pfu/ml. Aktl and COX-2 mRNA expression was downregulated significantly, and their ACt values ( 12.26±0.05 and 5.41±0.09 respectively ) were higher than rAd5-HK group (10.63±0.02 and 3.75 +0.08 respectively) and control group (10.57± 0.02 and 3.73±0.08 respectively) (P <0.01 ). There was no significant difference between rAd5-HK and control groups (P >0.05). Aktl and COX-2 protein expression was downregulated by 70.5% and 63.7% respectively ( P < 0.01 ) in rAd5-HK group as compared with control group ( P > 0.05 ). Conclu-sion The shRNA aclenovirus vector targeting Akt1 and COX-2 can specifically inhibit Akt1 and COX-2 expression,and this may be a new strategy in gastric carcinoma gene therapy targeting Akt1 and COX-2.